1Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical, Education and Research, India
2Department of Endocrinology (Immunology Division), Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, India
Background: Atopic dermatitis (or atopic eczema or AD) is an itchy, chronic, or chronically relapsing, inflammatory skin condition
Objective: To study the effectiveness of probiotics supplementation (Bacillus clausii) in achieving clinical remission, preventing relapse and its effect on immunological profile in children with AD.
Methods: In this randomized controlled study where one hundred and fourteen patients of atopic dermatitis aged 6 months to 12 years were recruited and randomly allocated into two groups comprising 57 each with Group A receiving conventional treatment with probiotics and group B receiving only conventional treatment. Baseline SCORAD and follow up SCORAD at 4, 8, 12, 16, 20 and 24 weeks were measured. IL-17A levels were measured at baseline and 12 weeks.
Results: There was no any significant difference in the main clinical outcome (SCORAD) by administration of Bacillus clausii in children with AD between group A receiving probiotics along with conventional treatment and group B receiving only conventional treatment at 12 weeks (p=0.21), and at 24 weeks (p=0.26). IL-17A levels were not significantly different between two groups after the probiotics supplementation at 12 weeks (p=0.7). The mean IL-17A level decreased from baseline in Group A with probiotic supplementation whereas the mean IL-17A concentration increased in group B at 12 weeks though the mean difference between two group was not significant. There was no statistically significant correlation between IL-17A levels and AD severity.
Conclusion: Supplementation with the probiotic Bacillus clause to conventional treatment does not offer any additional benefit in inducing remission or prevention relapse in AD.
Biography:
Dr. Richa Sharma is from Nepal & currently practicing as a consultant dermatologist in private clinic. She did her post graduation from a renowned center i.e Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER) which is a course of 3 years duration during which she worked in the department of Dermatology, venereology and leprology. She did her thesis on this particular topic on probiotics in allergic disease.
University of Khartoum, Sudan
This study was carried out to investigate the effect of probiotic (Biogen) supplementation on broiler growth performance and internal organs. One hundred and sixty, one-day-old, unsexed broiler chicks (cob strain) were used. The experiment was executed in a complete randomize design. All chicks were initially weighed and divided into four groups with equal number of chicks. Each group was divided into four replicates (experimental units), 10 chicks per each. The first group was fed diet not containing the biogen (control). The second; third and fourth groups were fed on diet containing 2g, 4g and 6g biogen per kg ration, respectively. The effect was evaluated in terms of growth performance (feed intake, body weight gain, feed conversion ratio, live body weight gain and weight of hot carcass). The internal organs measured were (liver, spleen, heart, gizzard, bursa of fabrious, abdominal fat and intestine length and weight). At the end of the experiment, 32 birds were slaughtered (8 birds from each group) at the age of 7 weeks. The result revealed that the best improvement in the performance was associated with the addition of 2g/kg, followed by 4g/kg and 0g/kg, and then 6g.kg of biogen powder. Increase in feed intake, feed conversion ratio, body weight gain and weight of internal organs in supplemented groups compared to the control. Feed intake significantly (p<0.05) increased between these groups affected by different level of biogen at age 7 weeks. The results for feed intake were as follows; 3521, 2893.9, 2663.3, and 2653.7 gram/bird for group B, C, A (control) and D respectively throughout the experimental period. Feed conversion ratio significantly (p<0.05) increased in week one, two and three, but week four, five, six and seven, all experimental groups reflected no significant (p<0.05) difference. Live body weights and hot carcasses significantly (p<0.05) increased were as follows; live body weights 1382.3g, 1680.0g, 1420.1g, and 1263.1 gram. Hot carcasses 992.45g, 1227.7g, 1004.2g and 902.85gram for group A (control), B, C and D respectively. The group fed (2glkg) got significantly (p<0.05) higher live body weight and hot carcass than other groups. The internal organs measured were (liver, spleen, heart, gizzard, bursa of fabrious, abdominal fat and intestine length and weight) significantly (p<0.05) increased in group B compared with other groups. The result of experiment indicated that the biogen level 2g/kg achieved the best performance.
Based on the result this level could be included only at the starter phase.
CEO, NeribiOm
Biopôle Clermont-Limagne, Saint-Beauzire - France
Despite our limited understanding of the complex biology underlying the Microbiota-Gut-Brain axis (MGBA) function and physiology, during the last decade, preclinical and clinical studies have demonstrated that gut microbiota could influence Central Nervous System (CNS) physiology and function. For example, in various psychiatric disorders, studies have shown that gut dysbiosis is observed and that probiotics (psychobiotics) and prebiotics could alleviate symptoms in mood disorders. Recently, gut dysbiosis has been shown in neuro-developmental (Autism,..) and neurodegenerative diseases (Alzheimerʼs, Parkinsonʼs, Multiple Sclerosis,...). Moreover, very early during the time course of certain neurological diseases (Autism and Parkinsonʼs) gastrointestinal symptoms appear. It should be also pointed out that aggregation of α-syncluein in Parkinsonʼs disease is firstly observed in gut neurons. Furthermore, Aging, a period of instability for gut microbiota, is the major risk factor of dementias.
Taking into account the mechanistic pathways underlying the communication between the gut and the brain, and the physiopathology of neurodegenerative diseases, we postulate that modulating gut microbiota using Live Biotherapeutic Products (LBPs) could be an innovative, disruptive, safe and pleiotropic way to treat very effectively neurological diseases. In this context, we have built an original collection mainly constituted of strict anaerobic bacterial strains from human faeces. These bacterial strains have been selected regarding their in vitro capacities i) To release neurotransmitters/neuromodulators, Short Chain Fatty Acids,..., ii) To have anti-inflammatory and immunologic activities iii) To act on permeability of biological barriers,... Moreover, the selected strains have been tested regarding antibioticsʼ resistance. Some examples of this strategy will be described.
Results allowed obtaining new innovative LBPs which are into preclinical studies as potential novel treatments against Autism Spectrum disorders and Parkinsonʼs disease.
Biography:
Pierre Lestage is the CEO and co-founder at NeribiOm, President and CEO at NEUROPHARVAL.
LʼOreal Advanced Research, France
Atopic xerosis and dandruff are both sub-inflammatory skin disorders driven by immune dysfunctions and are characterized from early stages by itch and delay in healing. As recently described, these two disorders are associated with specific dysbiosis of the skin microbiome with altered microbial diversity characterized by excess of Staphylococcus spp. or Malassezia spp., respectively. In skin aging as a subclinical condition, a dysbiosis was also recently described with an overabundance of oral bacterial strains usually not present on the skin together with a decrease of a commensal strain (Cutibacterium acnes). These dysbiosis and associated clinical signs may be controlled by Toll Like Receptor (TLR) specific ligands.
The notion of dermatological thermal water-based treatments is dating back to Ancient Greece and the Roman Empire. In 1950, French scientists created a new skincare product using a mineral water from the thermal springs of Molitg-les-Bains in the Pyrenees mountains. They explained the skin rejuvenating and protecting activities of this product by the presence of a living specific nonpathogenic filamentous bacterial strain unique to these springs: Vitreoscilla filiformis.
Clinical studies published in many journals of dermatology validated that this harmless bacteria could improve skin health and confer benefits similar to probiotics for gut health. The action mechanism of Vitresocilla filiformis strain has recently been understood: it contains TLR ligands which regulate the skin barrier function and skin innate defenses through microbiome balance.
As also known from probiotics, this TLR signaling induces tolerogenic interleukin-10 which may explain the clinical effects of Vitreoscilla filiformis.
Biography:
Dr Lionel Breton got a PhD in 1982 in general Endocrinology in the lab of Pr R. Michel and Pr J. Roche at College de France in Paris. Then, he got a State Doctorate in general Pharmacology in Poitiers Hospital in 1985. After a 1st position in Servier Laboratory as Project leader in neuro-pharmacology, Lionel joined LʼOreal corporate 25 years ago. He is also visiting Professor/affiliate member in the prestigious University McGill in Montreal. He is an expert on neurobiology, skin neuro-immunology, skin physiology, skin and gut microbiology and translational research. He is currently Scientific Director in LʼOreal Research. Lionel is co-inventor of more than 1000 national patents and applications (espacenet results/world database) and 3 blockbusters of lʼOreal corporate. Although Industrial, he has published more than 50 papers in in peer-reviewed journals and is frequently invited to give plenary conferences or keynotes.
Science Manager, Yakult, Netherland
Many scientific reports link a decreased diversity of the gut microbiota to a declined health status. However, to date, no mechanistic motivation for this exists. Here, it is shown that by applying first principles graph theory to small and simple networks, an increased diversity indeed leads to both higher efficiency as well as redundancy. The simulation results quantitatively support earlier hypothetical considerations with respect to therefore mentioned parameters, illustrating that a higher diversity in small microbial networks leads to more resilience. This provides an ingredient for the development of new interventional strategies with respect to microbiota management.
Biography:
Dr. Olaf Larsen (1972) is Assistant Professor (0.2 FTE) at the Athena Institute, VU University Amsterdam, and full time employed at Yakult Netherlands, where he is heading the Science Department. At the Athena Institute, Olaf focuses on both the valorization of microbiota management as well as on modelling of the gut microbiota. Olaf studied chemistry and obtained a PhD in biophysics.
Quorum Innovations, USA
The clinical relevance of microbial biofilm phenotypes – sessile microbial communities characterized by genes in gene expression and which secrete extracellular polymeric substances – has been underestimated in the disease treatment and microbiome drug discovery paradigms. Ubiquitous in nature and quite likely the “preferred form of life” for microbes due to the inherent survival benefits conferred by the biofilm phenotype, these polymicrobial populations function as a unit and are found on virtually every internal and external human body surface. Microbiota in biofilm phenotype are species specific, hard to detect, and donʼt fit into a developed diagnostic or regulatory rubric. Yet, could they be our “microbiome stem cells”, survivalists protected in gel-like biofilms and differential gene expression which dynamically seed local human tissues? Are bacteria in a biofilm phenotype a critical untapped discovery source? And could microbial biofilms explain some unanswered questions of human health and disease – clinically apparent infections but negative culture results, unexplainable chronic inflammation, auto-immunity? This talk seeks to acquaint the listener with some conceptual framework behind human mucosal and epidermal microbiota in biofilms and the functional microbiome and their relationships to human disease and their potential applications to human microbiome drug discovery.
Biography:
Dr. Nicholas Monsul trained as a physician and surgeon at Yale University School of Medicine and The Johns Hospital where he was involved in performing surgery, conducting basic science research and teaching residents. He is the Co-Founder of Quorum Innovations, a microbiome based therapeutics research and Development Company, where he is co-inventor on 7 issued United States patents.
1Catholic University of Sacred Heart, Italy
2University of Rome Tor Vergata, Italy
3University Sapienza, Policlinico Umberto I, Italy
Background: Evidence of probiotics effects on gut function, brain activity and emotional behaviour were provided. Lactobacillus appears to reduce body fat mass, anxiety and dysphoria, and improve insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance. Body dissatisfaction has been observed to be a risk factor for obesity and eating disorders. Probiotics can have dramatic effects on behaviour through the microbiome-gut-brain axis, through vagus nerve. They produce a variety of neurochemicals, analogs of mammalian hormones involved in mood and behaviour.
Aim: Given the link between gut microbiota, body composition, and the risk of psychiatric illness, we investigated whether chronic probiotic intake could modulate psychological state, eating behavior, and body composition of normal weight obese (NWO) and preobese-obese (PreOB/OB) compared to normal weight lean women (NWL).
Methods: 60 women were enrolled. Exclusion criteria included presence of intestinal bacterial overgrowth, history of chronic degenerative or infectious diseases, medication, smoke, drug or alcohol abuse. Subjects with acute diseases, severe liver, heart or kidney dysfunctions, endocrine disorders, cancer or other conditions capable of altering body composition were excluded. We categorized the subjects according to BMI, and % of total body fat (TBFat) into three groups: NWL, (BMI <25kg/m2, %TBFat<30); NWO (BMI <25 kg/m2, %TBFat ≥30); PreOB/OB, (BMI ≥25 kg/m2, %TBFat ≥30). At baseline and after 4 week of a probiotic oral suspension (POS) intake all subjects underwent to: anthropometric evaluation (body weight, height, waist and hip circumferences); body composition by dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA); gut microbiota evaluation by Glucose Breath Hydrogen test (GHBT). Moreover, all patients were also assessed by means of self-report questionnaries (i.e. Eating Disorder Inventory, Beck Depression Inventory, State and Trait Anxiety inventory, and Body Uneasiness Test). POS contained Streptococcus thermophilus, Bifidobacterium animalis subsp Lactis, Streptococcus thermophiles, Lactobacillus bulgaricus, Lactococcus lactis subsp Lactis, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus Plantarum, Lactobacillus Reuteri (1.5 ×1010 colony-forming unit CFU for each/day). Multivariate of interest analyses, Pearson or Spearmanʼs rank correlation, and Partial Least Squares (PLS) were performed. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Id: NCT01890070
Results: Of the 60 women initially recruited, 8 did not meet inclusion criteria, 4 dropped out of the study voluntarily. We found a 22% of NWO, 26% of NWL, and 48% of PreOB/OB women. Significant differences (p<0.05) were highlighted between: NWL and NWO (TBFat, total body Lean, TBLean); NWO and PreOB/OB (Weight, BMI, TBFat, TBLean); NWL and PreOB/OB (Weight, BMI, TBFat, TBLean). After POS treatment, a reduction of TBFat (p<0.001) and syndrome of bacterial overgrowth (p<0.05), as well as lower psychopathological scores (i.e. depression, state anxiety, body dissatisfaction and bulimia) (p<0.05) were observed in NWO and PreOB/OB. BMI, and body composition variables co-varied with gut microbiota and psychological responses (p<0.001).
Conclusion: Four-week intake of selected probiotic, by modulating body composition, bacterial contamination, psychopathological scores and eating behaviour of women affected by NWO syndrome and obesity, offers a tractable approach to problems related to obesity, psychological state and unhealthy eating. Further research is needed on a larger population and for longer period of treatment before definitive conclusions can be made.
Groupe SOLACTIS SAS, France
Firstly identified as a “bifidogenic factor”, then developed as an ingredient active on the intestinal transit regulation, lactulose or galactofructose is a diversified substance with a unique history. In our research at Groupe Solactis, we have firstly focused on intestinal transit effects, as a food ingredient, and defined limits vs pharmaceutical effects. A regular intestinal transit time may be difficult to define, and galactofructose (or lactulose) is an efficient bowel regulatory ingredient for food applications, which enables to deepen the knowledge on transit time regulation.
In a second step, we have gathered every scientific evidences of the impact of lactulose galactofructose on the microbiota. This molecule cannot be used by small bowel enzymes and reaches the colon intact. There, “good bacteria” as Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium can utilize galactofructose lactulose and grow selectively.
We have also studied the data on in-vitro interaction with probiotic bacteria. Comparing the results open a key line of research: chicken or eggs, what comes first between intestinal transit regulation, and control of microbiota bacterial population and balance?
This unique combination opens very powerful new food ingredients, active both on intestinal transit regulation and microbiota modulation. Galactofructose is the pioneer, and other molecules are joining. Finally, this approach adapted to animal feed industries paves the way for some reliable key innovations in this second industry.
Science is making huge steps on microbiota - making it accessible to food and feed industries is the target.
Biography:
Since 2013, Pascal RONFARD has positioned Groupe SOLACTIS as a leader of food and feed ingredients, active on the microbiota. This positioning has been rewarded by highly sought regulatory recognitions: 2 European (EFSA) and 1 South Korean (MFDS) official health claims. In 2015, Groupe SOLACTIS has located its R&D center in the renowned Science Campus INRA, near Paris.
National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), USA
Appreciation for the role of microbes in our lives has been growing rapidly, but the measurement science needed to understand and fully exploit microbial systems has developed at a much slower pace than the industries dependent on them demand. NIST is developing standards for microbiome measurements that will enable federal, academic, and industry labs to reliably reproduce and advance each otherʼs results. Microbiome standards will support research investigations and commercial translation of microbiome science by providing measurement assurance tools: standardized protocols, reference materials, validated measurements and critically evaluated reference data.
Biography:
Scott Jackson is currently the leader of the Complex Microbial Systems Group at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) in Gaithersburg, MD. In this current role, Scott is leading international efforts to improve microbiome and metagenomic measurements by organizing inter-lab studies, developing reference materials and reference methods, and developing in vitro tools that allow us to better understand microbial community resilience and evolution.
Prior to joining NIST in 2014, Scott spent 11 years as a principal investigator with the FDA. At FDA, his research focused on characterizing the global genomic diversity of enteric pathogens, with applications for food safety, bioforensics and public health.
Scott did his PhD research in biochemistry and biophysics at The University of Maryland and Johns Hopkins University, respectfully, where he focused on the evolution of mobile genetic elements using yeast as a model genetic organism.
Scott performed his undergraduate studies in Chemistry and Geology at the University of South Carolina.
Department of Biology, Ankara University, Turkey
Glyphosate the active ingredient in Roundup herbicide, was developed and patented by Monsanto in the 1970ʼs and now it is the 1 herbicide in use today in the US and increasingly throughout the world. Since glyphosate kills the plants that it is sprayed on this has led to the need to create genetically modified Roundup-ready plants (corn, soy, canola, cotton, alfalfa, wheat, barley and sugar beets) that do not die from glyphosate use. Weeds are then started to gain resistance to Roundup and huge expansion of GMO Roundup Ready crops has led to sharp increases in glyphosate usage over the past decade.
It was declared a major break through in agriculture because glyphosate works by inhibiting the enzyme EPSPS in the shikimate pathwayin plants as well as in bacteria, but not in mammals which is necessary to make essential metabolites such as hormones, nutrients, vitamins, essential amino acids. Although glyphosate cannot adversely affect humans via its primary mode of action here we argue otherwise. The human microbiota contains trillions of bacteria that play crucial roles in maintaining our ecology and health and therefore are severely affected byuse of glyphosate and its adjuvants.
Although the relationship between the gut microbiota and overall human health is still unclear current researches indicate that disruption of gut microbiota drives leaky gut and a hyper-immune response which leads to chronic inflammation that is the basecause of many diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, metabolic disorders (obesity, diabetes mellitus), neuropsychiatric disorders (schizophrenia, autistic disorders, anxiety and major depressive disorders)as well as gastrointestinal diseases (inflammatory bowel disease, chronic diarrhea, colitis, Crohnʼs disease). Glyphosate exposure has also been associated with the development of various cancers. Therefore use of probiotics and prebiotic smay modify microbial population and have corresponding effects on immunity and neurobiology therefore on health.
Biography:
Ozlem Osmanagaoglu graduated from the Biology Department of Middle East Technical University in Turkey. Later, she completed her master and PhD program on genetics of Lactic Acid Bacteria at the Biotechnology Institute of METU. During her doctoral and post doctoral periods, she had worked under NATO grant and scholarship in the University of Wyoming, USA. Presently, she is a member of the Biology Department within the Science Faculty of Ankara University in Turkey where she have established Microbial Genetics Laboratory with a young productive research team. Her work has focused on bacteriocins, natural antimicrobial peptides, produced by Lactic Acid Bacteria, thei rmolecula typing and probiotics.
Aix-Marseille University, France
High salt intake has been linked to several diseases including obesity and an increased risk of death; however, fecal salinity and the ability of salt to alter the gut microbiota, which was recently identified as an instrumental factor for health and disease, remains poorly explored.
We analyzed fecal samples of 1,326 human individuals for salinity and gut microbiota by culturomics and metagenomics. Geographical origin, age, gender and obesity were tested as predictors of fecal salinity and halophilic diversity. All halophilic isolates were characterized by taxonogenomics and their genome sequenced.
Fecal salinity was associated with obesity independently of geographical origin, gender and age. The first 2 human-associated halophilic archaeal members were isolated along with 64 distinct halophilic species, including 21 new species and 41 known in the environment but not in humans. No halophiles grow in less than 1.5% salinity. Above this threshold, the richness of the halophilic microbiota was correlated with faecal salinity (r = 0.58, p < .0001). Metagenomics linked high faecal salinity to decreased diversity (linear regression, p < .035) and a depletion in anti-obesity Akkermansia muciniphila and Bifidobacterium, specifically B. longum and B. adolescentis. Genomics analysis suggested that halophilic microbes are not only transient passengers but may be residents of the human gut.
High salt levels strongly alter the gut microbial ecosystem and are associated with the human halophilic microbiota, discovered in this study. Further studies should clarify if the gut microbiota alterations associated with high salt levels and the human halophilic microbiota could be causally related to human disease, such as stomach cancer and obesity.
Biography:
El hadji SECK have recently completed his PhD degree in microbiology specializing in infectious diseases at Aix-Marseille University, France. He is very much interested in the field of gut microbiome research and antibiotic resistance. He has a dual competence as a pharmacist and microbiologist. He worked mainly in the exploration of the gut microbiota by culture and metagonomics and the implication of the digestive microbiota in metabolic diseases such as diabetes and in infectious diseases.
1Asia Microbiota Bank, Hong Kong
2The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
The microbiome plays a crucial role in maintaining homeostasis in the human gut. Faecal Microbial transplant (FMT) is a process of transferring microbial communities from a healthy donor to a recipient; consequently, it is now being widely investigated for its ability to improve various health issues associated with gastrointestinal diseases. In this study, we investigated changes in gut microbiota following FMT in a patient with Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS). We describe changes in the composition of the faecal microbiome from a patient recipient before and after undergoing FMT, as a treatment for IBS condition. There was a marked loss of bacterial diversity with reduced bacterial phylum belonging to Firmicutes prior to FMT, this was corrected after post-FMT. Furthermore, an additional 13 donor bacterial species were engrafted after post-FMT belonging to Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes phylla. The observed changes in the host-gut environment following FMT procedures highlights changes in community structure dynamics reflecting changes needed for restoring a healthy and balanced gut microbiome.
Keywords: Microbiome, faecal microbiota transplant, Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS).
Biography:
Dr. Subramanya Rao is the Research Scientist and Laboratory Manager at Asia Microbiota Bank in Hong Kong. Dr. Rao has earned B.Sc in Biosciences and M.Sc in Microbiology in India. He won the prestigious postgraduate student scholarship in environmental research at The University of Hong Kong, and was awarded a PhD in Molecular Microbiology in 2013.
Dr. Rao has spent over 10 years researching on extreme environments. He has particularly focused on finding microbial life in hot and cold desert environments. Currently, as a research scientist at Asia Microbiota Bank, his research focus is on “Understanding the gut microbiome for Faecal Microbiota Transplantation”. He has published some of the pivotal findings in his field and has led several large international research projects. Below is the list of some of his publications.
University of the Philippines, Philippines
Recently, whole genome studies of certain lactic acid bacteria (LAB) described genes that encode for functional properties including production of enzymes and immunomodulation molecules and probiotic properties. However, most research reports focus on LAB from meat- or milk-based fermented foods. Fermented foods are an important part of human diet, containing lactic acid bacteria (LAB), which turn carbohydrates into lactic acid and other beneficial products. Since the Philippines is a home to numerous plant-based fermented foods, this study aims to discover the functional benefits that we derive from them. The bacterial diversity of Philippine burong mustasa was assessed by PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) of the 16S rRNA gene (16S rDNA). Resulting sequence analyses revealed that lactic acid bacteria (LAB) were dominant in the food samples. The LAB identified included Lactobacillus fermentum, Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus panis, Lactobacillus pontis and Weissella cibaria. Among these, L. fermentum, L. plantarum and W. cibaria are established probiotic bacteria, while L. panis and L. pontis are potential probiotic bacteria. Putative LAB isolates were also selectively isolated using GYC agar plates shown as colonies with surrounding halos and were confirmed using Gram stain and Catalase test. Functional properties including production of exopolysaccharide, cellulase and amylase as well as hydrophobicity and probiotic properties were conducted for all 334 LAB isolates using standard procedures. Probiotic properties include antimicrobial activity, production of bacteriocin-like inhibitory substances (BLIS) and acid and bile tolerance. Three LAB isolates were shown to have promising functional properties. Two of them were identified as Lactobacillus fermentum (P4-1 and P4-2) while the other was identified as Staphylococcus carnosus (P4-3) using 16S rDNA sequencing. Overall, this study showed the potential of plant-based fermented foods such as our Philippine burong mustasa, that harbors LAB with beneficial functional properties.
University of Campinas (FCA / UNICAMP), Brazil
Several strategies have been used to improve sports performance, some of which can present health risks. Supplementing the diet of sportsmen with whey proteins is a safe and effective practice due to the high concentration of branched chain amino acids of these proteins which play an important role in the stimulation of protein synthesis. The regular consumption of probiotics by athletes can confer numerous benefits, such as the activation of the immune system, which is of great relevance due to the high risk to which physical activity practitioners are subject, to present depression of the immune function after exhaustive tests. Exhaustive physical exercise brings a series of changes in the immunity of individuals and usually results in depression of the immune system, free radical production and protein catabolism, and this temporary suppression called the “open window” of immune suppression is responsible for a greater risk of infections during physical training. Phenols present in pomegranate can combat oxidative stress and improve exercise performance, as noted in a previous study in this research group. The research developed by our group showed that the supplementation of Wistar rats with sport beverage with added whey protein concentrate, probiotic (B. animalis BB12) and pomegranate juice (Punica granatum, L.) accelerated the transit intestinal, reestablished the microbiota (improved the proportion of Lactobacillus species, and decreased Clostridium species) and intestinal barrier function, impaired by intense acute exercise.
1Faculty of Medicine American University of Beirut, Lebanon
2Notre Dame University, Lebanon
3University of Belgrade, Serbia
4University of Palermo, Italy
5University of Ljubljana, Slovenia
Most medications and supplements including probiotics have both desired clinical outcomes and undesired side effects which play a role when considering them as a modality for treatment. This review is an update about the present advantages and disadvantages associated with use of probiotics in health and in disease.
Advantages of probiotics run across multiple organ systems and a wide age spectrum. They promote cardiovascular health, accelerate recovery from diarrhea, decrease risk of necrotizing enterocolitis, limit inflammation in IBD, and promote wound healing. Additionally, probiotics serve in combating chronic diseases for patients with type 2 diabetes and HIV+ patients. Moreover, probiotics play a significant role in the treatment and/or prevention of cancers, especially those of the colon and bladder.
On the other hand, probioticspose serious threats to immunocompromised and genetically predisposed individuals. Using probiotics can lead to bacteremia with lactobacillus in children and infants. In other individuals, probiotics can cause opportunistic infections increase platelet aggregation and trigger antibiotic resistance among others.
In conclusion, in vitro and in vivo data from our laboratory support the selective use of probiotics. Actually, there is a huge number of organisms inhabit human gut and therefore expected is the complex nature of the interactions of those organisms within each other and with the host cells, which stresses on the necessity of extra care in the use of probiotics as therapy.
Keywords: probiotics, bacteremia, cancer, lactobacillus, opportunistic infections, microbiota
1Functional Food Researcher and Evangelist in the Field of Natural & Eco-Tech Sciences, Ukraine
2Ankara University, Turkey
Introduction: Live organic spice-derived flavorings are a category of palatability defining ingredients vital in nutritional pharmacology. They are used in production of functional foods used in preventive and therapeutic treatments. The aim of the study is to prove that palatability and variety of foods are important and health-wise can be achieved by application of ingredients that are safe, sustainable and have recognizable properties. Flavorings derived from coriander, fennel, cumin seeds, etc. are analysed in context of examples.
Materials and Methods: Market survey, Spice material collection and validation, Innovational eco-tech oil extraction, Laboratory studies, Testing, Data analysis, Economic analysis.
Results: Live spice-derived flavorings serve as important ingredients vital for functional foods due to their bioactive content of vitamins, minerals, antioxidants, etc. as well as stimulation of pleasure gained from food via improvements in palatability.
Conclusions: Live spice-derived flavorings can be used in nutritional pharmacology with diverse positive effects in human health and wellbeing.
City for Scientific Research and Applied Technology, Egypt
This is a principally significant moment in the development of probiotic and prebiotic research. There has been strong expansion in dairy food yield containing probiotics and/or prebiotics, and a number of them are maintained by clinical investigation showing health benefits.
It is not astonishing that a lot of human microbiome isolates, many of which are obligatively anaerobic cultivate extraordinarily weakly outside their natural habitat and can only be studied using culture independent approaches. Therefore, the large-scale cultivation and subsequent storage of probiotic bacteria in high numbers often presents a major a problem that delays a process to the realization of their commercial potential.
It is important that probiotic products meet appropriate international standards, and have properly concurrence and distinguished organisms, in their therapeutic activity throughout shelf-life -stable formulations that have been shown in well-designed clinical studies to confer defined health benefits on the consume.
This article sets the bases for the creation of innovative technological developments in the production of Probiotic within packaging in which, packing technology designed to give response to a number of issues related to the feasibility, stability and bioactivity of probiotic for the food industry. These technologies aim to integrate the probiotics within new packaging and coating material concepts including novel integration technologies, hyper microencapsulation – entrapment and enzyme encapsulation and/or immobilization, and cryoprotectants agent to improve survivability during spray drying can greatly benefit in the pharmaceutical and biomedical sectors and from the unique properties of synthetic and biomass derived bioencapsulation polymers.
Biography:
Dr Reyed is a researcher at Scientific Research and Technology Application city. He has deep expertise in Probiotic Microbiology, water microbiology and water treatment technology application stemming from 25 years a Scientific Researcher over 10 years executive technical consultant for H20 bioprocess of corporate Safibiowater in Alexandria Egypt “Integrated Eco-solution”. He has contributed to European Desalination Society, International water association & Egyptian council society and Egyptian scientific syndicate.
School of Biotechnology, University of Jammu, India
Probiotics are live microorganism, which, when consumed in adequate amount, confer health benefits to the host (FAO/WHO,
2002). Health benefits conferred by probiotics are majorly includes defense against microbial infections, bioavailability of nutrients, development of systemic immunity, management of raised cholesterol, triglyceride levels, diabetes and related cardiovascular diseases (CVD). CVD has become a leading cause of global mortality. The probiotics affects the hostʼs energy homeostasis by means of various mechanisms producing small biomolecules responsible for managing lipid profiles, and participating in the absorption, metabolism and excretion of bile salts, which directly regulates the serum cholesterol levels. Cholesterol is a vital substance of the human body; however, longstanding raised serum cholesterol levels may lead to development of atherosclerosis which poses a major risk for CVD. In study, investigation was carried out to hypocholesterolemic potential of human breast milk probiotic bacteria. Enterococcus faecalis K2 exhibited highest bile salt hydrolase activity (BSH; 31.82nmol/mL/min of glycine) and produced the highest amount of cholic acid from deconjugation of bile salts (28.24%) in vitro. The E. faecalis K2 showed significantly high cholesterol assimilation (63.29%), co-precipitation of cholesterol with deconjugated bile acids (41.64%), cholesterol removal via cell wall fraction (39.22%) and sequestered appreciable amount of cholesterol from mixed micelles. The probiotic candidates with characteristic probiotic properties and significant cholesterol lowering potential may be used for lowering the risk of CVD development.
Keywords: Probiotics; Cholesterol, CVD; Human Breast Milk; Enterococcus faecalis K2
ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute (Deemed University), India
Colon cancer accounts over 1 million people & about 0.5 million death worldwide annually. Putrefactive bacteria play a vital role in diet related carcinogenesis by conversion of pro-carcinogen into carcinogen. Dietary modification may offer opportunity to prevent this menace. Present investigation was aimed to evaluate efficacy of lactobacilli of Indian origin in format of blueberry fortified probiotic dahi against 1, 2,-dimethyl hydrazine (DMH) induced colon carcinoma in rats. In vitro 29 lactobacilli strains were evaluated for anti-carcinogenic potentials by Ames test and anti-oxidative assay. Among these, 6 selected strains were validated for probiotic and techno-functional properties. Lactobacillus rhamnosus CRD11 and L. plantarum CRD2 exhibited anti-carcinogenic and techno-functional potential. Finally, L. rhamnosus CRD11 was selected for preparation of blueberry fortified probiotic dahi (BPD) based upon its compatibility with it. Response surface methodology (RSM) was applied by using rotatory design package 9.0.1 for optimization of conditions for preparation of BPD. The RSM recommended best combination of 8% blueberry pulp, 1.5 % inoculum level and 9 h incubation time for development of BPD. Developed formulation was analyzed for its sensory & overall acceptability on 100 point scale revealed overall acceptability score of 88.79 with shelf life of 21 days at 4±1°C storage temperature. Probiotic dahi (PD) and blueberry fortified probiotic dahi (BPD) along with control dahi (NCDC 167) efficacy was validated against DMH induced colon carcinogenesis in male wistar rats w.r.t. histological, biochemical, microbiological and molecular markers. Probiotic dahi alone and in combination with blueberry effectively prevented colon cancer as tumor incidence, multiplicity and volume were lower in both BPD and PD fed group. Both, PD and BPD fed group exhibited decrease in progression of preneoplastic biomarker such as aberrant crypt foci (ACF) and mucin depleted foci (MDF) and BPD dahi documented synergistic efficacy as compared to probiotic dahi alone. The PCNA labeling index, a marker for progression of colon carcinoma in GI tract increased progressively in rats challenged with DMH. Both PD & BPD exhibited synergistic effect by preventing rise in PCNA & p53 labeling index. The BPD fed group showed higher antioxidant (catalase & superoxide dismutase) and detoxification (glutathione-stransferase) activity as compared to DMH group. The fecal β- glucuronidase activity was higher in DMH control group in comparison to BPD and PD fed groups. Gene expression study of bcl2, k-ras, c-myc, and cox-2 gene in rat colon tissues expressed their higher levels in DMH control group as compared to BPD &PD groups as latter two groups showed minimum genotoxic stress. Similarly, histological analysis revealed higher incidences of carcinoma tumors in DMH control group while no carcinoma was observed in PD and BPD fed groups. Inhibition of colon cancer was more in BPD fed group as compared to only PD fed group. Blueberry has ability to stimulate growth of used probiotic strain in preparation of BPD. Hence, it can be concluded that there might be synergistic interactions between blueberry and beneficial microbes in the colon as evidenced by enhanced protective effect against colon carcinogenesis. Present investigation has culminated into development of anti-carcinogenic blueberry fortified probiotic dahi. Hence, L. rhammnosus CRD11 and blueberry offers exciting opportunities in food and health industry for the development of health foods to improve health of population vis-à-vis health of human kind.
Biography:
Prof. (Dr.) Chand Ram Grover obtained his Doctorate & Mastersʼ degrees in Dairying (Microbiology) from ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal-132001, (Haryana), India. He joined Agricultural Research Service in 1997 as scientist after completion of doctorate program. Presently he is holding the post of principal scientist (Dairy Microbiology. His research priority areas include development of functional foods w.r.t. preventive health care microbiology, especially prevention of colorectal cancer and non alcoholic fatty liver diseases, food safety (bioremediation of microbial toxins and toxic metals), probiotic direct vat starter (DVS) technology, bio-preservation of dairy foods by application of bio-molecules and mitigation of antimicrobial resistance in food borne pathogens. He has published >100 research/ review/ technical articles/ conference proceedings in referred international and national journals. He has served Association of Food Scientist &Technologist (India) in various capacities (Vice President & Secretary) to create awareness among general public and food professionals about latest developments in food science.
Maharashtra Animal & Fishery Sciences University (MAFSU), India
The growing concern with food habits and their relation to health prompted several studies in food science. The gastro-intestinal (GIT) microbiota responds to anatomical and physicochemical variations in the tract. This microbiota comprises of pathogenic, benevolent and advantageous. The composition and activity of the GIT develop with the host from birth and it depends on nutrition and life-style. It is involved in regulating metabolic pathways and physiologically connects the gut, liver, muscle, and brain. It is evident that the gut microbiota can be favourably modulated by synbiotic interventions to combat diseases and improve the human health. In recent years, the concept of functional foods has been emerged to examine food additives that may exert beneficial effects on the GIT microbiota. A most prominent class of functional foods in focus is synbiotics, which is a suitable combination of probiotics and prebiotics. They exert beneficial effects through four main mechanisms i.e. immune modulation, interference with potential pathogens, improvement of barrier function and production of neurotransmitters. Their host targets vary from the resident microbiota to cellular components of the gut-brain axis. Synbiotics are now being considered important tools to help maintain humans and animals in good health and in prevention and/or alternatives for reducing the risk associated to a number of diseases. However, relatively few effects have been supported by a battery of data from clinical trials. Owing to the fact malnourished children struggle to gain weight even on high-nutrient diets, a long-term feeding trial comprising of 80 tribal children of 2-5 years with synbiotics was conducted for its suitability to combat malnutrition-led health effects. It was revealed that the feeding of synbiotics @200 ml per child for 90 days exerted a positive effect on health parameters. It is concluded that regular feeding of synbiotics considerably reduce the risk of malnutrition-led mortality of tribal kids faced by developing countries.
Biography:
Dr. CD Khedkar is Associate Professor and Head, Deptt. of Dairy Microbiology and Biotechnology. He has two doctoral degrees to his credit, one in Microbiology and the other in Dairy Biotechnology. He has 27 years experience of teaching, research and extension. His field of specialization is in probiotics, prebiotics and value-addition of dairy products/food commodities. Till today eight doctoral and 15 postgraduate students have successfully completed their degrees under his guidance. He is the brain behind the development of a world-bank funded consortia-mode project aimed at sustainable rural livelihood security through integrated approaches. He attended several scientific conferences/seminars in India and abroad in the capacity as the Chairman/Lead Speaker. He has more than 150 scientific publications to his credit. He is bestowed with several awards/recognitions for his scientific excellence and academic and extension activities to his credit.
ICMR-National Institute of Nutrition, India
Probiotic bacteria have become increasingly popular during the last two decades. Human body is host to some 104 bacteria, majority of which reside in the gastrointestinal tract and these play an important role in health maintenance. A majority of the indigenous flora is benign and exhibit health promoting properties like Lactobacilli and Bifidobacteria etc. Hence identification of indigenous probiotics will be of great benefit in the concept of Probiotherapy against many diseases.
Research: We have obtained various probiotic microflora from our sponsored i.e. Unique Biotech. Ltd. Hyderabad, India. These were subjected to microbiological, biochemical and molecular techniques for classifying them to Genus and species etc. and studied for probiotic properties. These re-confirmed probiotics were subsequently used for the development of probiotic based food supplements. Finally these were evaluated for clinical applicability on obesity, type-2 diabetes mellitus and anaemic subjects. Earlier to this we have conducted studies on drug based probiotics in children suffering from malnutrition, elderly individuals and hypercholesterolemia patients.
Results: The probiotics with drug based showed the immunomodulation effect upon supplementation to malnourished children and elderly subjects and alteration in lipid profile in hypercholesterolemia subjectsʼ. Similarly the probiotic based food supplements have also shown alteration in lipid profile and immunomodulation in obese subjects. Further the developed probiotic curd showed a significant role in the management of blood glucose and immune status in type-2 diabetes mellitus,. In addition the haemoglobin levels increased upon supplementation of probio chikkies in anaemic subjects.
Conclusion: Upon compilation of all the above research studies we have observed that both drug and food based probiotics have good potential on human health therefore their application in various diseases need to be assessed for their efficacy i.e. whether to recommend drug form or as food supplement. Our experience on these aspects will be presented for discussion.
Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University, Turkey
During the last three decades, the epidemiology of food borne pathogens has changed rapidly along with the alterations in the social atmosphere and the ability of pathogens to adapt to new niches. Salmonella is the most commonly suggested cause of food borne disease which constitutes a major public health problem in many countries. In this study, anaerobic gut fungi (AGF) were isolated from the feacal samples of ruminant herbivores and putatively identified them as Orpinomyces sp. and Neocallimastix species. AGF isolates grown in anaerobic medium containing linoleic acid as sole energy source, to understand whether AGF play a role in the formation of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) from linoleic acid (LA), and our preliminary findings showed that isolated AGF have ability to convert LA to CLA effectively. The produced CLA was investigated for its possible antibacterial effects against Salmonella. The results showed that CLA formed by one of AGF isolates (Orpinomyces sp. GMLF157) has a remarkable antibacterial effect on all four strains of Salmonella sp. (Salmonella enterica, Salmonella typhi ATCC 14081, Salmonella sp.1 and Salmonella sp.2) used for current study.
Keywords: Antibacterial, Conjugated linoleic acid, Linoleic Acid, Salmonellosis.
Federal University of Agriculture, Nigeria
Improvements in feed utilization, animal production and health, and animal food safety are the goals of rumen microbial studies. These goals may be achieved by facilitating desirable fermentation, minimizing ruminal disorders, and excluding pathogens. One approach that has been widely investigated is the application of direct-fed microbial (DFM) preparations in order to promote digestion and intestinal hygiene, enhance animal performance and reduce usage of antibiotics. Probiotics are defined as live microorganisms which can confer a health benefit for the host when administered in appropriate quantity. One of the most common explanations for improved animal health when ruminants are fed a DFM suggests that beneficial microbes compete with potential pathogens and prevent their establishment. Testing DFM supplementation produced variable and inconsistent results so far. One main point to explain this is the diversity of DFM origin. Several biotic factors such as the strain of yeast, bacteria, fungi, enzymes and its viability, nature of the diet, animal type and its physiological status and level of performance may play considerable role in this regard. Also some DFM are designed for one-time dosing while other products are designed for feeding on a daily basis. Premixes of active substances and compound feeds contain many substances which must be checked with one another for compatibility. The stability of the probiotics used and their availability and efficacy in the animal must be ensured. Since active antibiotic substances in particular inhibit microorganisms, the question arises whether they reduce the activity of probiotics. At first glance it therefore may seem contradictory to put probiotics and antibiotics into a feed together. However, studies indicate that positive combinatory effects had been achieved though extensive works still need to be done to ascertain the results. This review focuses on some of the major factors affecting the use of probiotics and other substances.
Biography:
Onwuka C.F.I is a Professor of the Department of Animal Nutrition at Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria.
Department of Home-Economics, Lahore Garrison University, Pakistan
Recent research in the area of carbohydrate food ingredients has shown the effectiveness of oligosaccharides when they are used as prebiotics or biopreservatives. Considering the former, they have various origins and structures, whereas the latter are described mostly as oligochitosans or as low molecular mass chitosans. If new manufacturing biotechnologies have significantly increased the development of these functional food ingredients, the main drawback limiting their applications is the difficulty to engender specific glycosidic structures. The present review focuses on the knowledge in the area of food bioactive oligosaccharides and catalogues the processes employed to generate them.
Great concern for health food impact the need for healthier food products. Much attention has been paid recently for functional oligosaccharides which promote the growth of Bifidobacteria in vivo. A number of different oligosaccharides are currently used as low calorie sweeteners. One of these oligosaccharides is Galacto-oligosachharides which represent one way to add value to cheese whey.
School of Veterinary Medicine, Jimma University, Ethiopia
Babesiosis is caused by intraerythrocytic protozoan parasites of the genus Babesia that infect a wide range of domestic and wild animals and occasionally man. A cross-sectional study was conducted in Jimma town and its surrounding veterinary clinics beginning from November 2015 to April 2016. The objectives of the study were to detect Bovine Babesiosis and to assess its effect on PCV. The Giemsa staining technique was used for the detection of parasites and hematocrit centrifugation to find out the effect of the parasite on the packed call volume of host animals in the study area. A total of 384 blood samples were collected from randomly selected cattle and examined. Parasitological findings revealed that the overall prevalence of Bovine Babesiosis was 6.8% (26/384). Of the total infected cattle, 6.5% and 0.3% was B. bovis and B. begimina, respectively. The prevalence of the disease was assessed within major risk factors like age groups, sexes, body condition, tick infestation and PCV. But, statistically significant difference was observed (P<0.05) only in body condition, tick infestation and PCV. In conclusion, the results of this study have indicated that Bovine Babesiosis was light in the study area. Nevertheless, the finding of the current study recommends and encourages applying proper tick control and prevention so that to drop off the current challenges in the study area.
Keywords: Babesia, Cattle, Erythrocyte, Thin smear, PCV, Anemia
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