Madridge Journal of Food Technology

ISSN: 2577-4182

2nd International Conference on Obesity and Weight Loss

October 15-17, 2018, Amsterdam, Netherlands
Scientific Session Abstracts
DOI: 10.18689/2577-4182.a2.015

Germ Rice Extract Improves Lipid Metabolism in High Fat Feeding C57bl/6 Mice

Yumiko Yoshiki

Ishikawa Prefectural University, Japan

Obesity stems from an imbalance between calorie intake and expenditure, leading to the accumulation of excess fat in the body and is associated with the development of various metabolic abnormalities, such as insulin resistance and dyslipidemia. The incidence of obesity is dramatically increasing and by 2025, 18% of the worldʼs men and 21% of the worldʼs women are expected to be obese. Although many medications are available for the management of hyperlipidemia and hyperglycemia, they fail to completely control glucose and lipid homeostasis. Furthermore, they often cause side effects and are expensive. Therefore, there is a need for natural products that can inhibit obesity, are safe for human consumption, and are available at an accessible price.

Here, we evaluated the effects of a germ rice extract on lipid metabolism with the aim to find anti obesity effects in mice. The germ rice (Koiazusa) produced in Ishikawa, Japan, in 2016, contained 6.5 times more γ-aminobutyric acid than normal rice (Koshihikari). We used water extract of germ rice that was roasted for 20 s at 220 °C to prepare pre-gelatinized starch. Although germ rice extract (GRE) did not affect water and food consumption and high fat diet (HFD)-induced gain in body weight in C57BL/6 mice, it reduced glucose, AST, ALT, total cholesterol and the arteriosclerotic index in serum samples. Moreover, oral administration of GRE inhibited lipid accumulation in the liver of HFD-fed mice, thus reducing the liver damage induced by HFD-feeding. We found a significant difference in PPAR-α gene expression levels in the liver between HFD-fed and GRE- and HFD-fed mice. No differences in the expression levels of FAS, PPAR-γ and SREBP1c, which are associated with lipid production, were found. PPAR-α is a ligand-activated transcription factor that activates fatty acid oxidation and lipoprotein metabolism and improves plasma lipid profiles. Collectively, our data indicate that oral administration of GRE inhibits fatty liver through the activation of β-oxidation by up-regulating of PPAR-α mRNA.

Effect of Bariatric Surgery on Thyroid Function and Thyroxine Dose Requirement in Hypothyroid Obese Patients

Mohamed Aly Elsherif

Hamad General Hospital and Qatar Metabolic Institute, Qatar

Introduction: Hypothyroidism is associated with weight increase that could be attributed to decrease in basal metabolic rate and thermogenesis. Influence of bariatric surgery on thyroid hormones in normal thyroid function and subclinical hypothyroid patients were investigated, though a scanty published data explored the effects of bariatric surgery on overt hypothyroid patients.

Aim: To assess the influence of bariatric surgery on thyroid hormone levels and on thyroxine requirement in clinically hypothyroid obese patients as well as correlation between patientsʼ initial BMI, weight loss (BMI and % excess weight loss) and thyroid status.

Methods: A retrospective review of 158 morbidly obese hypothyroid patients on thyroxinereplacement who underwent laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG), gastric bypass (RYGB) and laparoscopic gastric greater curvature plication (LGGCP) between 2011-2015, were evaluated for changes in thier thyroid condition at 6, 12 and 24 months post operatively. Dose of thyroxine and weight loss were correlated.

Results: Mean age =38.7 years. Mean preoperative BMI was 45.8, which decreased at 2 years to 33. About 85.4% of patients underwent LSG, 12% RYGB and 2.5% LGGCP. EWL% at 6, 12, 24 months was 27.6%, 53.4% and 58.8% respectively. Our study has demonstrated a statistically significant positive association between serum TSH and BMI. The mean pre-op thyroxine dose of 102.7 mcg dropped to 68.4 mcg at 24 months after surgery. 42.5% of patients had improved thyroid status at 6 months, 8.2% were cured and 2.2% deteriorated as evident by reduced thyroxin dose, stop of thyroxin replacement and increased thyroxine doserequirements respectively. Among the 67 patients whose thyroid status improved, 82% underwent LSG, 16.4% RYGB and 1.5% LGGCP.

Conclusion: Bariatric surgery significantly improves thyroid function in hypothyroid patients and can be curative in some cases. Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy seems the favourable procedure associated with improvement and cure of hypothyroidism. Further studies with larger sample size are still needed to further explore the cause effects and the possible mechanisms behind.

Nutritional Impact of Surgical Treatment of Obesity and the Evolution of Techniques Related to Micronutrient Deficiency

Ma Soledad Reyes

University of Chile, Chile

Bariatric surgery, as has been reviewed in other modules, has been the most effective strategy to produce a significant long-term weight reduction in patients with severe and morbid obesity, associated with an improvement in the pathologies associated with excess weight. However, the development of deficiencies of some micronutrients has been reported repeatedly in the literature, especially in restrictive malabsorptive surgeries such as biliopancreatic diversion, with and without duodenal change and Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. Exclusively restrictive procedures, such as laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding, are not exempt from complications of this nature, even when the number of affected complications is lower and the degree of compromise is also less. In the case of sleeve gastrectomy, a technique that was initially restrictive, there was also a compromise in the nutritional status of the micronutrients, although in a lower frequency and magnitude than in the gastric bypass. Among the nutrients affected in bariatric surgeries are iron, calcium, zinc, folate, vitamin B12 and vitamin D. The pathophysiology of vitamin and mineral deficiencies in bariatric surgery is multifactorial. One of the factors that have been highlighted in the last time, is the nutritional status with which patients face this type of surgery.

Biography:
Dr. Ma Soledad Reyes is a Clinical Nutritionist in University of Chile. She completed her masters (clinical nutrition) in Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile & Post degree and as a Clinical Research Associate at Barnett International-Parexel.

Impact of Regular Patient Follow Up on Weight Loss and Nutrient Profile Post Bariatric Surgery

Somya Shrivastava* and Ritika Samaddar

Max Hospital, India

Background: Bariatric surgery, a highly successful treatment for obesity, requires adherence to special dietary recommendations to ensure the achievement of weight loss goals and weight maintenance. Nutrition counseling is important for patients undergoing gastric bypass surgery. All patients with bariatric gastric procedures are at risk for nutrient deficiencies, and regular compliance to diet and supplements help in maintaining nutrient profile.

Method: A prospective study examined patients (N= 60) who underwent Bariatric surgery from September 2017 to December 2017 The number of follow up visits of each patient with the nutritionists was compared to the weight loss and nutrient profile. Spearmanʼs correlation was used to analyze data and also draw descriptive statistics of the patients. For analyzing the data SPSS 16.0 was used.

Results: A moderate correlation was found between the number of postoperative nutrition visits and the percent change in post surgery BMI at 1 years (Spearmanʼs ρ = 0.616; P <=0.01). Nutrient profile Vitamin B 12 improved substantially post operatively as compared to pre-operatives but no change in albumin levels was seen.

Conclusion: Patients with more nutrition visits following bariatric surgery experienced greater weight loss and also maintained a better nutrient profile as compared to pre- operative stage that means patient follow up plays a significant role in the amount of weight loss after bariatric surgery.

Biography:
Dr. Somya Shrivastava is a highly motivated Nutritionist and Dietetics expert. She is currently working as the Head of the Clinical Nutrition Department. She has been chosen the ‘Best Dietician of the year ‘at Max Healthcare for my dedicated contributions to the organization. She is a knowledge seeker and a voracious reader on topics of nutrition. She has been a practicing nutritionist since 11+ years, with my keen interest in Bariatric, Sports Nutrition and in oncology to name a few.

Post Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy Neurological Complications

Sapan Jain* and Latika Tiwari

Shantiraj Hospital Pvt. Ltd, India

Macro and micro nutritional deficiencies may occur in some bariatric patients post surgery, which can result in serious neurological complications. We present the case of a patient who developed polyradiculoneuropathy a variation of acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy or - guillain-barre syndrome or apgars-acute post gastric reduction surgery neuropathy following laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy surgery. We discuss the importance of identifying symptoms of polyradiculoneuropathy (prn) or apgars after bariatric surgery and give recommendations for treatment.

Biography:
Dr. Sapan Ashok Jain is a Bariatric, GI, Laparoscopic surgeon at KEM Hospital, Bombay. He has completed his MBBS in 1997 from Dr. D.Y. Patil Medical College, University of Mumbai, India & M.S. in General Surgery from Seth G.S Medical College and K.E.M. Hospital, University of Mumbai, India.
He received the fellowship award in Laparoscopic Surgery from AIIMS-Dept: of Surgical Disciplines, New Delhi, India on 11th October 2016, received the 1st Pace fellowship award in Bariatric & Metabolic Surgery from LASER- Sri Aurobindo Medial College and also received the 1st Fellowship award in Minimal Access Surgery from Indian Association of Gastrointestinal Endosurgeonʼs Society.
He has completed his internship training in January 1999. Currently he is working as dedicated Bariatric, GI, Laparoscopic Surgeon at - Fortis JK Hospital, Udaipur (India) & performing all advanced Laparoscopic Surgical procedures especially Bariatric and Upper GI Surgery.

Investigation of Monogenic Obesity in a Qatari Cohort of Severely Obese and Normal-Weight Controls

Mashael Al-Shafai1*, Noha Yousri2, Fawziya Al-Baker1, Hebatallah Khatab1 and Nasser Rizk1

1Qatar University, Qatar
2Weill Cornell Medicine in Qatar, Qatar

Monogenic obesity is a rare form of obesity that results from rare single gene variants. There are at least nine well-established monogenic obesity genes including LEP, LEPR, MC4R, PCSK1, SIM1, POMC, BDNF, NTRK2 and ADY3. In this study, we aim to investigate the prevalence of, and characterize, rare variants in the known monogenic obesity genes in severely obese subjects and normal-weight subjects from Qatar Biobank. Whole genome sequencing data for 250 cases and 250 controls was generated using the Illumina 10X platform, and processed using BWA for alignment, GATK for variant calling and SNP eff for variant annotation. After applying variant prioritization steps, we identified a number of promising coding variants within our genes of interest that merits further investigations. Among these, a novel heterozygous mutation in MC4R that was detected in three cases and none of the controls. The mutation is predicted to be pathogenic based on Insilco analysis. Further functional studies are needed to confirm the pathogenicity of the identified variants.

Biography:
Dr. Mashael Al-Shafai is an Assistant Professor at the Department of Biomedical Sciences at the College of Health Sciences at Qatar University (QU). She obtained her Bachelor degree with honor in Human Genetics from Leeds University in the United Kingdom in 2009. After that, she joint the Research Division at Qatar Foundation as a Research Analyst and participated in several research projects at Weill Cornell Medicine in Qatar. In 2016, she acquired her PhD in Clinical Medicine Research from Imperial College London where she investigated the genetics and the epigenetics of obesity in Qatari families using whole genome sequencing and genome-wide DNA methylation profiling technologies. Her research interests lie in the area of medical genetics, particularly on obesity and T2D. She has a number of publications in peer-reviewed journals and has won several research grants for her work. Dr Al-Shafai is currently the co-chair of the IRB committee at QU and she is a member in several committees at QU and at the national level, and a member in the Qatar Genome Project Consortium.

Poly Phenols Could be an Important Weapon against Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome

Nelson Vinicius Melo Andrade

University of Porto, Portugal

Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome (MS) increase the risk for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Fructose consumption has been associated with MS development and a substantial increase in both consumption of this sugar and MS incidence has been observed during the last 30 years. Dietary polyphenols have been largely studied due to their human health benefits. Several polyphenols are known to interfere with the intestinal absorption of glucose, but little is known concerning the effect of these phytochemicals on fructose intestinal absorption.

On our first work, we have concluded that quercetin, apigenin, and chrysin were found to be effective inhibitors of 14C-fructose uptake by Caco-2 cells and they appear to interfere with GLUT2-mediated 14C-fructose uptake. Moreover, they are stunning inhibitors of GLUT2 and GLUT5 gene expression. This suggests that these compounds might decrease the intestinal absorption of fructose, with beneficial effects on type 2 diabetes, obesity and MS. Furthermore, other study conducted by our group showed that dietary polyphenol chrysin abolished the increase in glucose intestinal uptake (Caco-2 cells) induced by oxidative stress environment (TBH). Finally, in the latest work made by our group with an animal model of MS we verified that chrysin was able to revert some of the MS/Obesity characteristics induced by fructose, namely hypertension, hepatic fibrosis, hyperinsulinemia, and the increase in angiotensin II and TAG serum levels.

More works are needed about these themes; however, we could conclude that dietary polyphenols might be an important role to prevent or treat Obesity and MS.

References:

1. PEREIRA, C.D. et al. Int J of Endoc. 2014.
2. ELLIOTT, S. et al. Am J Clin Nutr. 76:911–22; 2002.
3. RUTLEDGE, A.C.; ADELI, K. Nutr Rev. 65:S13-23; 2007.
4. ROBERT H, LUSTIG MD. J Am Diet Assoc. 110:1307-21; 2010.
5. VAUZOUR D, et al. Nutrients.

High-Fat Diets Rich in Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Counteract Catch-Up Fat during Nutritional Rehabilitation after Caloric Restriction

Raffaella Crescenzo*, Rosa Cancelliere, Arianna Mazzoli, Cristina Gatto, Francesca Bianco, Antonia Giacco, Abdul G. Dulloo, Giovanna Liverini and Susanna Iossa

University of Naples, Italy

Catch-up growth, a risk for later obesity and type-2 diabetes, is characterized by a higher rate of fat relative to lean tissue deposition. Using a rat model of refeeding after semistarvation, such catch-up fat has been shown to be primarily driven by suppressed thermogenesis and to be exacerbated by high-fat diets rich in saturated and monounsaturated fats. High-fat diets rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) seem to limit the excess fat deposition and improve glucose homeostasis; these anti-obesity effects being explained partly by a higher lean tissue deposition and partly by enhanced metabolic efficiency. To investigate whether changes in liver mitochondrial energetics and adipose tissue metabolism could underlie the enhanced energetic efficiency, that drives catch-up fat during refeeding after caloric restriction, rats were subjected to caloric restriction (50% of spontaneous intake) for 14 days and then refed for 2 weeks isocaloric amounts of low fat or high-fat diets, the latter differing only in PUFA content. We evaluated whole-body metabolism, hepatic lipogenic capacity and mitochondrial energetics, as well as modulation of de novo lipogenesis by the different fatty acids in white and brown adipose tissue, together with body composition, energy balance, glycemic profile, oxidative stress and markers of inflammation. High-fat high-PUFA diet was able to improve protein deposition and maintain glucose homeostasis, limiting lipid storage in adipose tissue and oxidative stress and inflammation in the liver. The suppression of thermogenesis is counteracted by PUFA also via increased thermogenesis, resulting from increased hepatic mitochondrial proton leak and decreased mitochondrial efficiency.

Biography:
Dr. Raffaella Crescenzo, born in Naples in 1970, graduated in 1997 in Biological Sciences at University of Naples “Federico II”, Italy, obtained a PhD degree in Physiology, a postdoc position at University of Fribourg, Switzerland, and other two postdoc at University of Naples. She is now researcher of Physiology, in the Department of Biology of University of Naples. Her research is centered on study of whole-body energy balance and adaptive changes in tissue metabolism (liver, skeletal muscle, adipose tissue, gut, brain) in different conditions: high-fat and high-fructose feeding, food restriction, refeeding, ageing. The results produced 43 papers and 30 congress abstracts.

Features of Nutritional Behavior of Patients with Primary Insulin Resistance

Irina Kurnikova1* and Nikishov2

1RUDN University, Russia
2Kazan State Medical Academy of Russia, Russia

Purpose: of this study was to assess the influence of acupuncture on the production of serotonin and the features of the nutritional behavior of patients with primary insulin resistance.

Methods: patients (42 people) aged 38.4 ± 2.0 years, body mass index (BMI) 32.3 ± 4.2 kg / m2. Two groups of observation were formed: group 1 (20 people) received reflexotherapy using special corporal and auricular points and a hypocaloric diet. Patients of the 2 nd group (22 people) were given only a diet. Were studied: BMI, the ratio of WC/HC, HOMA-IR index, insulin and C-peptide. ELISA (Labor Diagnostica NORT Serotonin research ELISA, Germany) determined serotonin in serum. The reflexotherapy procedures included daily corporal and auricular acupuncture. Statistical processing of the results of the study was carried out using the software package Statistica 6.0 for Windows (Stat Soft Inc.).

Results: the serotonin content in the blood serum of patients was reduced in comparison with the control group (173.3 ± 60.8 and 223.9 ± 90.4 ng / ml). The values of the analytical parameters before treatment between the indices of group 1 and group 2 were not statistically different. In the first experimental group of patients, after a 2-week course of acupuncture, there was a significant decrease in anthropometric parameters: BMI initially - 33.7 ± 4.5 after treatment - 29.2 ± 4.05 kg / m2 (p = 0.002). The body weight of patients decreased by 9.8% (from 88.9 ± 10.6 kg to 80.2 ± 10.5 kg (p = 0.013)

Pearson correlation analysis was performed and statistically significant correlations between BMI and serotonin concentration in serum r = -0.23 (p = 0.04). A statistically significant increase in the level of serotonin in the blood serum of patients was found 69.5%, up to 294.5 ± 98.7 ng / ml compared to the initial 173.7 ± 71.3 ng / ml in this group of patients (p = 0, 0057). In the group 2tendency of serotonin level increase in the serum of patients was established by 34.4%, up to 227.9 ± 95.9 ng / ml in comparison with the initial 169.6 ± 72.4 ng / ml (p = 0.031).

Conclusions: Shown that the increase in serotonin in the serum is statistically significant only when the combination of the therapeutic diet with reflex therapy, but not in the case of exclusively dietary correction. The use of reflexotherapy with the use of special corporal and auricular points promoted the increase of serotonin in the blood serum and led to rapid satiety during eating.

Biography:
Dr. Irina Kurnikova MD, PhD, Professor of Medicine, RUDN University (Peoples Friendship University of Russia), Moscow, Russia. Irina Kurnikova Doctor of Medical Sciences (since 2010), Professor, the first academic degree (PhD) received at the age of 28 years. Problems of endocrinology studies for over 20 years. Currently, she teaches at the Peoples Friendship University of Russian (RUDN-university, outdated abbreviation), curator of the scientific direction endocrinology. She has published more than 30 articles in reputed journals, the author of 25 books and tutorials in Russian language, 10 inventions (patents). Leading expert in the field of diagnostics, treatment, rehabilitation of diabetic and thyroid diseases. Under the leadership of I. Kurnikova, 6 candidate and 2 doctoral dissertations were defended.

Relationship between Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Vitamin D Nutritional Status in Obesity

Adryana Cordeiro

University of Porto, Portugal

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become one of the most common chronic liver diseases worldwide. NAFLD is characterized by an accumulation of fat in the liver in the absence of such secondary causes as alcohol abuse, viral hepatitis, and so forth, while presenting such wide-ranging histological features as simple macrovesicularsteatosis and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) that can evolve into fibrosis, cirrhosis, or hepatocellular carcinoma.

Vitamin D deficiency (VDD) can result from problems relating to the absorption of vitamin D, hydroxylation due to liver failure, inadequate exposure to sunlight and others factors. It is one of the most prevalent micronutrient deficiency in the world, with a billion people estimated to be deficient. Individuals with obesity, including those suffering from liver disease, are more susceptible to VDD. A potential explanation for this deficiency is, when there is damage of the liver, synthesis of 25(OH) Dmay be impaired by the presence of steatosis. VDD can exacerbate NAFLD at least in part through an inflammatory-mediated pathway, given how vitamin D mediates its intracellular signals via the vitamin D receptor (VDR), which is constitutively expressed in the liver.

There is limited information on the potential role VDD plays in NAFLD diagnosed via liver biopsy, mainly where NASH is concerned.

Thus, the aim of this presentation will be demonstratethe relationship between serum 25(OH)D concentrations andNAFLD staging, mainly, as diagnosed via liver biopsy, the gold standard method, in extreme obesity (BMI ≥ 40kg/m2).

Biography:
Dr. Adryana Cordeiro is a Clinical Nutritionist; she completed her PhD and MSc in Science of Medical Clinic Program/Faculty of Medicine/University Federal of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ). She is a Researcher at Micronutrients Research Center/UFRJ & also Researcher of Post-doc/Biomedicine Department/Biochemistry Unit/Faculty ofMedicine/University of Porto– Portugal.

The Effect of Ginger on Body Composition, Conicity Index and Blood Pressure in Patients with Active Rheumatoid Arthritis

Naheed Aryaeian1*, Farhad Shahram2, Hajar Tavakkoli2, Mohammad Reza Eshragian2, Farimah Ashofteh2 and Masoumeh Akhlagh2

1University of Medical Sciences, Iran
2Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran

Background: Despite probably beneficial effects of Ginger on weight, body composition and Blood pressure, there is little information on its effects in active rheumatoid arthritis (RA) disease. Many of patients with this inflammatory disease suffer from cachexia. This article has designed to investigate the effects of Ginger powder on weight, body composition and blood pressure inadults who suffer from active RA.

Methods: In a randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled trial; Seventy nine patients with active RA were divided randomly into two groups to receive either Ginger or placebo for 3months. Ginger was prescribed 1500 mg daily as 2 capsules. Food assessment measured by Food processor (version 4) program. Body composition analyzer machine (BIA, Quad Scan 4000, United Kingdom). Comparison between groups was done by t-test for quantitative variables and by Chi-square test for qualitative data.

Results: Regarding the anthropometric characteristics, Weight, body mass index (BMI), Conicityindex and hip Circumference were significantly increased in control group compared to baseline (P < 0.001) (P < 0.001) (P < 0.05) (P < 0.001) and the difference between two groups was significant (P < 0.001) (P < 0.04) (P < 0.02) respectively. Waist Circumference (WC) were increased in control group and the difference was significant (P < 0.01). Percent body fat (PBF) was significantly decreased in Ginger group (P < 0.05). There were no statistically significant differences in Soft Lean Mass and blood pressure.

Conclusion: Ginger as a food supplement resulted in a significant suppression in weight gain, BMI, PBF, Conicity index and varies anthropometric characteristics of RA patients in short period and may be considered useful as a nutritional strategy.

Keywords: Ginger, Rheumatoid Arthritis, Body composition, Weight, Blood Pressure.

Biography:
Dr. Naheed is an Associate Professor in department of Nutrition, School of Public health, Iran University of Medical Sciences. She has completed his BS in Nutrition from Shaheed Beheshti of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, MS from Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz-Iran & Ph.D in Nutrition, Minor Immunology from Nutrition department, Health Faculty, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran –Iran. She has published more than 30 journals

Association between Perceived Weight Stigmatization & Positive Mental Health: Evidence from Pakistani University Students with Obesity

Rubina Hanif

Quaid-i-Azam University, Pakistan

The objective of the present study was to examine the relationship between perceived weight stigmatization and positive mental health and to investigate the role of weight bias internalization and emotion regulation in this relationship using sample of 300 university students with obesity. Results supported the significant association between perceived weight stigmatization and positive mental health. Furthermore findings indicated that after controlling gender, body mass index and family monthly income, perceived weight stigmatization turned out to be stronger predictor of positive mental health along with cognitive reappraisal and weight bias internalization. Moreover, weight bias internalization was found to mediate the relationship between perceived weight stigmatization and positive mental health.

Biography:
Dr. Rubina Hanif is working as Tenured Associate Professor at National Institute of Psychology, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad (Pakistan). She has been teaching Psychology and supervising research up to Ph.D level students. She was awarded Higher Education Commission Post Doc fellowship for Goldsmiths, University of London, UK (2007-2008); and Fulbright fellowship for University of Houston, USA (2009-2010).

Cholesterol-Enriched Diet Provokes Pathological Alterations in Kidneys with Traits Typical of Lysosomal Storage Diseases

Elena Rampanelli1,5*, Peter Ochodnicky1, Johannes P.C. Vissers2, Loes M. Butter1, Nike Claessen1, Alessia Calcagni3, Lotte Kors1, Lee A. Gethings2, Stephan J.L. Bakker4, Martin H. de Borst4, Gerjan J. Navis4, Gerhard Liebisch5, Dave Speijer6, Marius A. van den Bergh Weerman1, Bettina Jung7, Jan Aten1, Eric Steenbergen8, Sandrine Florquin1, Gerd Schmitz5, Andrea Ballabio3, Johannes M.F.G. Aerts9 and Jaklien C. Leemans1

1University of Amsterdam, Netherlands
2Waters Corporation, United Kingdom
3Federico II University, Italy
4University of Groningen, Netherlands
5University Hospital of Regensburg, Germany
6University of Amsterdam, Netherlands
7University Hospital of Regensburg, Germany
8Radboud University Medical Center, Netherlands
9Leiden University, Netherlands

Obesity represents a growing public-health problem. Besides being a majorrisk factor for the onset of diabetes and cardiovascular diseases, obesity has been associated with the onset of chronic kidney diseases (CKD) and end-stage renal diseases (ESRD). Emerging evidenceindicate a lipid-mediated effect in initiating renal dysfunction/injury. However, the cellular mechanisms connecting obesity/dyslipidaemia with CKD/ESRD remain largely unclear.

We found that upon over nutrition with a cholesterol-rich Western-type diet (WD), renal proximal tubular epithelial cells (PTEC) become target sitesof lipid deposition and display giant vacuoles of lysosomal/autophagosomal origin harbouring oxidized lipoproteins and concentric membrane layer structures. These organelles are reminiscent of multi lamellar bodies (MLBs) found in lysosomal storage diseases (LSD). In fact, similarly to LSD traits, lipidomicsand proteomics showed that MLBs function as intracellular lipid storage sites and are likely to be secreted into urineby lipid-overloaded PTEC. In addition, the tubular intralysosomal lipid storageis accompanied by inflammation, fibrosis, tubular damage and dysfunction and a tubular cell transcriptional reprogramming to increase lysosomal degradation.

Collectively, our data show that renal epithelial cells actively respond to over nutrition and participate in the management of lipid overload by generating MLBs. Our study emphasizes the role of renal cells in lipid handling and the importance of healthy lysosomes in the maintenance of kidney wellbeing.

Biography:
Dr. Elena Rampanelli After graduating in Medical Biotechnology from the University of Bologna, Italy, she obtained her PhD degree at the University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands. After her PhD, Dr. Rampanelli worked as postdoc at the University Hospital of Regensburg (UKR), Germany; subsequently, she worked at the Academic Medical Center of Amsterdam (AMC), The Netherlands, and later at the UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina (UNC), US. She recently returned to The Netherlands to join the Amsterdam University Medical Center (AUMC).

Obesity and the Susceptibility of the Occurrence of Lower Limbs Osteoarthritis in a Cohort of Women from El Jadidaprovince

Rekia Belahsen* and Houda Elfane

Chouaïb Doukkali University, Morocco

Introduction: obesity has aroused these last time a significant interest because of its strong association with osteoarthritis by the worsening of the mechanical constraints exerted on the articulation. Considered as degenerative disease and debilitating, the prevalence of osteoarthritis does not cease to increase due to the increase in both the life expectancy and the prevalence of obesity. The objective of this study is to assess the link between obesity and the susceptibility of the occurrence of the osteoarthritis of the lower limbs in a sample of women.

Methodology: The studywas undertaken on 137 women from 11 urban and rural localities of an agricultural province of Morocco, El Jadida. The evaluation of symptomatic the susceptibility of the occurrence of osteoarthritis of the lower members among the participants was performed using the Moroccan version of the WOMAC index for the lower limbs. Another questionnaire has allowed collecting socio-demographic data and anthropometric measurements in the surveyed in order to establish the relationship between obesity and the occurrence of osteoarthritis risk.

Results: The study data show that the female population surveyed was 45± 13 years old, mostly obese (77%) and that the median score of the WOMAC is 38. The perception of the WOMAC pain linked to the susceptibility of osteoarthritis is felt much more among women with morbid obesity with an average of 15.40. For the waist/hip (WHR), participants having gynoïde(WHR < 0.80) and Android (WHR > 0.85) have expressed more pain with the respective averages (6.14; 8.13) and functional discomfort (22,71; 27.97) of their lower limbs than those with mixed morphotypes. Conversely, for the three dimensions of the WOMAC, no significant difference was observed for the sum of the skinfolds. The susceptibility of occurrence of osteoarthritis in its two forms (knee and coxarthrose) is much more evident in the category of age>50 years with a rate of 22%.

Conclusion: The study results report a link between obesity and the risk of occurrence of osteoarthritis, its prevention is important and its magnitude varies according to the age and to the osteoarthritis location.

Biography:
Dr. Rekia Belahsen is Professor and Head of the Training and Research Unit on Nutrition and Food Sciences, Director of the Lab. of Biotechnology, Biochemistry and Nutrition at UCD in El Jadida (Moracco). Graduated in Nutrition & Alimentation (France); and PhD in Endocrinology & Nutrition at Laval University (Canada). Expert evaluator for many national and international organizations (European Commission, UNICEF, etc….). PI of many National & international funded projects. Several awards and numerous fellowships: the FAO Medal of Merit (Moracco) in 2007, a grant from Islamic Development Bank in 1998. Author of many publications and is involved as reviewer and editorial for several journals. Executive member of many national, regional and international organizations (SMN, FANUS, MENANA, Nutricion sins Fronteras, IUNS). She organized several meetings (1st FANUS meeting, Ouarzazate, Morocco in 2007; the International Workshop on Nutrition transition and Population health, El Jadida Morocco in 2011, 7th ANEC Conference, Marrakech, Morocco in 2016, IUNS, 2013 (Spain) & 2017 (Argentina)). The main current research topics: nutrition transition, obesity, community nutrition, Mediterranean diet, micronutrient deficiency and Food composition and valorization of traditional Mediterranean diet.

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