Semmelweis University, Hungary
University of Groningen, Netherlands
Health during lifespan including aging is partly predetermined by developmental metabolic imprinting originated by nutritional factors during fetal and early neonatal age. Some of them arise out of endogenous origin and supplemented assuming a chronic deficit. The imprinting bioactive factors are variable and changing according to nutritional habits or therapeutic target tasks like in the case of administration of long-chain poly-unsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs), especially the N-3 types. The aim of the current presentation is to survey the health and aging related long-term effects of pre- and early postnatal supplementation or deficiency of N-3 PUFAs compared to normal-fed control. In addition a chronic treatment of N-3 PUFAs in old age was also studied on cognitive behavior of aged rats.
The following regulatory functions were estimated throughout lifespan: body weight and body composition, food intake, glucose metabolism and lipid profile, development of basic neurotransmitter systems and BDNF in the brain, hormonal effects: pituitaryadrenal hormones, insulin, leptin, adiponectin; cognitive behavior in adulthood and aging, gene regulation during aging, and following the fatty acid composition of phospholipids in the brain in the entire lifespan.
In summary, the following main findings highlighted the health related effects grouped here into two packages: (1) developmental but also elderly chronic administration of DHA and other N-3 PUFAs enhanced cognitive functions in aged rats which support the notion for a beneficial preventive action on cognitive decline in the course of aging which may be handled by different mode of nutritional treatments. The behavioral effects proved to be lifelong although the biochemical changes in the composition of phospholipid fatty acids terminated earlier, in the adult age. (2) The other line of results underscored the importance of N-3 PUFAs deficiency during development which resulted in an infant obesity like syndrome with disturbed glucose regulation and increased resistance to insulin offering a translational model for childhood obesity as well.
Biography:
Dr. Csaba Nyakas obtained MD at Medical University Pécs (Hungary). His neurobiological career began in the neuroendocrine workgroup of K. Lissák Physiology School in Pécs, and continued in the fields as endocrinology, neuroscience and clinical laboratory work at the Postgraduate Medical Institute, Budapest. PhD (1979) and DSc (1994) degrees received at Hungarian Academy of Sciences. Since 1995 he is professor at Semmelweis University (Budapest) and supplemented his scientific activity to movement and nutrition sciences especially in respect to gerontology and geriatrics. From 1983 he is visiting professor, from 2001 endowed chair professor at the University of Groningen running joint PhD training. Recent priority research: healthy aging, especially healthy brain aging.
University of Delaware, USA
Sodium is an essential electrolyte in the body that plays a crucial role in cellular homeostasis and physiological function. Consumption of excess dietary sodium has been linked to increases in blood pressure. Salt-sensitivity of blood pressure in humans varies. Certain groups tend to be more sensitive to salt in the diet than others. Independent of blood pressure, high dietary sodium intake has been shown to have detrimental effects on different organ systems. Recent evidence suggests that sodium impacts the vasculature prior to a change in blood pressure predisposing salt-resistant individuals to increase vascular and organ damage. A proposed mechanism for these deleterious effects is a salt-induced increase in oxidative stress. Interventions such as low salt diets or increased physical activity appear to attenuate these effects. This presentation seeks to review these topics.
Biography:
Dr. Shannon L Lennon is an Associate Professor at the University of Delaware (USA) in the Department of Kinesiology and Applied Physiology. Dr. Lennon has a background in nutrition and exercise physiology. Her laboratory, the Cardiovascular and Nutrition Research Lab focuses on the role of dietary nutrients on the cardiovascular system in healthy and diseased states. Her lab group uses a variety of techniques to study heart and blood vessel function in humans.
California State University, Fresno, USA
The relationship between Nutrition, Health, and Aging has been documented from biological, psychological and social perspectives. This presentation discusses the latest research findings on each of these areas and calls for a global approach in the understanding of nutrition, health, and aging. This presentation also discusses challenges and opportunities for global collaborations.
Biography:
Dr. Helda Pinzon-Perez is a professor at California State University, Fresno, USA. Her research interests include Indigenous Health, Holistic Health-Alternative Medicine, and International Health. She has been a recipient of Fulbright Teaching and Research Awards in the Dominican Republic and in Peru.
University of Linköping, Sweden
Results from an intervention study with selenium and coenzyme Q10
Aging represents very specific processes in different target organs in the body. In the skin different layers becomes thinner. There is a loss of bone mass, and joints becomes more stiffer and more prone to inflammation.
In the cardiovascular system there is a sign of more stiffness in the major vessels and the myocardium due to higher collagen content.
Background: The trace element Selenium is an essential element for all living cells to get an optimum function. Coenzyme Q10 is also needed for a normal cellular function. Selenium and coenzyme Q10 needs presence of each other in order to function optimally. The endogenous production of coenzyme Q10 decreases as the person becomes older. Inflammation, oxidative stress is areas where significant changes could be seen due to the aging process. Programmed cell death, apoptosis, is also increased as part of the aging process. Finally, in the cardiovascular system there are signs of increased fibrosis as part of aging.
Method: We have performed a prospective randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial by giving selenium and coenzyme Q10, or placebo, to healthy elderly persons for 4 years. All patients were followed and no one was lost during the follow-up period. Blood samples were collected each 6th month.
Inflammation is one of the major components in disease, but is also seen with increasing age. Therefore, we evaluated seven biomarkers for inflammation in the study population, and applied a follow-up period of 5 years. Oxidative stress was evaluated by use of two biomarkers. Apoptosis was evaluated through analysis of insulin growth factor-1(IGF-1). To evaluate the activity of fibrosis, we evaluated eight different biomarkers for fibrosis.
Results: The main results were reduced mortality and increased cardiac function, but also signs of reduced inflammation as a result of the intervention with selenium and coenzyme Q10.
In six of the seven biomarkers significant reduction could be seen. Both the biomarkers for oxidative stress showed significant less oxidative stress in the active treatment group. The concentration of IGF-1 showed significant higher concentration in the active treatment group as a sign of less apoptosis.
The evaluation of eight different biomarkers for fibrosis demonstrated significantly less fibrosis in seven of the eight biomarkers, indicating less fibrosis.
Conclusion: Based on the intervention study with selenium and coenzyme Q10, we could demonstrate signs indicating less inflammation, less apoptosis and less fibrosis in those who received active treatment. All those processes are important in the aging process, why it seems that the intervention gave anti-aging effects.
Biography:
Dr. Urban Alehagen is Professor in cardiology from University of Linköping, Sweden. He is specialist in internal medicine, cardiology and Odontology. During the last 15 years pioneer research of the effect of supplementation with selenium and coenzyme Q10 has been performed. From first demonstrating the clinical positive effects, further research has been performed. Dr. Urbanʼs research group has investigated effects on oxidative stress and on inflammation by the supplementation, and the results are reported and published. Metabolomics studies, protein profile analyses, and micro-RNA influence by the intervention have been performed. And also demonstrated positive effects on the fibrosis tendency in the cardiovascular system as an indicator of aging by the intervention of selenium and coenzyme Q10.
The University of Tokyo, Japan
In recent years, the molecular nutrition research community has witnessed remarkable transformations in multiple aspects of our field of study. The next decade will be one of the most dramatic periods of progress in basic nutritional science. Some of the disciplines and technologies involved can be briefly described as follows.
1. Nutrigenomics and Nutrigenetics: More than a decade has passed since the term ‘nutrigenomicsʼ was introduced. This area is continuing to expand with the aid of new technologies and findings. Combinations of multiple omics analyses are now an effective strategy for unveiling the mechanisms underlying the functions of foods. As for nutrigenetics, the expansion of large-scale genetic tests in Japan may reflect the growing concern among the Japanese regarding their genetic makeup.
2. Epigenetics: Epigenetic modifications (DNA methylation, histone modifications, non-coding RNAs, etc.) are also emerging targets of molecular nutrition and nutrigenomics research. The growing evidence of very long-term effects of diet and even the generation-to-generation transfer of epigenetic modifications is the subject of increasing attention among researchers.
3. Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS): Whole genome sequencing of each individual is now practical by NGS. NGS is also playing pivotal roles in transcriptome, epigenome, and metagenome analyses.
4. Genome Editing: Genome editing technology such as that using the CRISPR/Cas9 system has enabled us to modify gene sequences in many organisms. For example, gene-knockout rats can be created in a short period. Some studies have shown that the consequence of the knockout of a specific gene in rats is different from that in mice, which obliges us to reconsider the function of some genes.
5. Others: Space limitations do not allow me to describe them all here, but Stem Cells Microbiome, and artificial intelligence are certainly main players in the coming molecular nutrition revolution.
The field of molecular nutrition is thus shifting to “big” science, and thus more and more collaborations among researchers across the world will be required.
Biography:
Dr. Hisanori Kato is a Project Professor of the University of Toyo. Dr. Kato received his PhD from the University of Tokyo in 1990. He has been at the current position since 2017 Dr. Kato is the Secretary General of Federation of Asian Nutrition Societies (FANS) and is the Chair of the Organizing Committee of the 22nd International Congress of Nutrition (ICN2021). He is also the President-Elect of Asia-Pacific Nutrigenomics and Nutrigenetics Organization. He is the president of the Japanese Society for Amino Acid Sciences, the vice-president of Japan Society of Nutrition and Food Science, and a member of Science Council of Japan.
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