Investigating Effect of Laser Cladding Parameters on Clad Geometry of Metal Matrix Composites on Steel Surface

Aly Elkoussy^*, MA Taha, Ahmed Elsabagh and Ahmed Farid

Ain Shams University, Egypt

Laser cladding process is an advanced process for coating powder material on substrate through feeding powder axially from the machine nozzle and instantly melt it by means of focused laser beam by using set of mirrors and lenses that reflects the laser beam to the desired position, adjusting the laser beam diameter is done by changing the height of the last mirror to an accurately calculated height using the laser head robotic arm. The production of aluminum Silicon carbide and Aluminum Tungsten carbide based coatings on a Steel 37 substrate using axial laser cladding. The laser machine used for this experiments was a YAG laser system at the CSIR-NLC with a 4.4kW Nd. In this research we applied several speeds and power to trace the track and layer formation for each clad material separately and compared between them. This results was done by means of taking photos of the samples macroscopic and microscopic by CETI microscope equipped with camera. In this experiment we successfullyachieved full view on layer formation process and effect of power and speed on track width and height.

Biography:
Aly Ahmed Aly Hussien Elkoussy was born in Cairo – Egypt on 25th of September 1992. He graduated from Design and production department- Faculty of engineering Ain Shams University (ASU) on July 2014. Started working as a demonstrator and researcher at Ain Shams University since October 2015. Started his master degree point on October 2016 after he had finished 8 pre-master courses. Travelled to CSIR in Pretoria – South Africa to conduct experiments in the laser center for his master degree.

ANN Prediction of the Surface Roughness of Plasma Arc Cut Plates for Different Materials

Amir SA Abdelmaseh^*, Samy J Ebeid, Mostafa RA Atia and Mostafa M Sayed

Ain Shams University, Egypt

Plasma arc cutting Process (PAC) is a thermal cutting operation uses as a restricted, high-speed jet of extremely high temperature dissociated, ionized inert gas known as plasma (4th state of matter) formed from the electrical arc between the nozzle, and the surface to melt and cut conductive materials.

This paper deals with the potential of using PAC technology to cut copper plates and experimental investigations of the effect of cutting variables on the quality of the cut surface monitored by the arithmetic average roughness Ra. And a comparison between Ra response of copper and ST 37-2 (S235JR) plates is conducted. Cutting current intensity, Speed, Standoff distance, and cutting gas pressure are selected as cutting variables. The experiments were all carried out on 5 mm specimens for copper and 8 mm thickness for steel plates. Ra was measured using Surtronic-3, Taylor-Hobson surface texture equipment. An Artificial Neural Network (ANN) was developed, trained and tested to predict the Ra response for both materials under investigation.

Results from this investigation shows that accurate prediction of surface roughness can be achieved using the trained feed forward-back propagation neural network for both copper and steel, and this trained network could be used to optimize the cutting parameters to get lower values of Ra.

Biography:
Amir Samir Azer Abdelmaseeh was born in Cairo – Egypt on 1st of October 1991. He graduated from Design and production department – Faculty of engineering Ain Shams University (ASU) on July 2014. Started working as a demonstrator and researcher Ain Shams University since October 2015. And Sound and vibration control engineer at ASUGARDS. Currently a masterʼs degree student at Ain Shams University. He Travelled to Politecnico di Torino (POLITO) at Turin, Italy) to attend a training on integrated additive manufacturing on September 2018 under a fully funded project (VET-ENG) by the Erasmus+ Programme of the European Union.

Understanding God and His Purpose through Physics

Manish Kumar

Banaras Hindu University, India

GOD created Universe/Multiverse for his recreation that has already been established in my previous works. So to facilitate the journey of soul to achieve salvation the Universe/Multiverse under the boundary of two basic laws of Physics viz. Law of Conservation of Energy and momentum male and female soul acquire the body with their functions encoded in their genes. Male has the responsibility of seeding into the womb of female for other soul to acquire the body to perform his/her journey, so female has the biggest responsibility of nurturing the body so that every soul must be able to perform the functions encoded in genes providing mutual cooperation for their journey. Slight deviation from the defined function leads to increase in the entropy of the bounded Universe/Multiverse leading to chaos which is reset by the incarnation of GOD within a specified period so that every soul resume journey according to the Laws of Physics. So information from past is transferred to every next generation so as to understand the purpose of GOD so that each one has to emerge out from this cycle of life and get merged with GOD with the help of their perfect partners. Hence it is completely the decisions of one what he/she chooses to with ones life obtained in this cycle of life. This decision will be easy if one understands the Laws of Physics.

Keywords: GOD, life, purpose.

Biography:
Dr. Manish Kumar has obtained B.E. (Electrical Engineering) from MNNIT, Allahabad, M. Tech. (Energy Studies) and Ph.D. (Plasma Physics) from IIT Delhi. He has rich experience of more than thirteen years in teaching, research and training. His areas of interest in teaching and research are Hybrid Energy system, Optical fibers, Terahertz Radiation Generation, Photonics, Surface Plasma Waves and Plasma Physics. He has published 9 papers in reputed journals and has been serving as an editorial advisory board member of repute. He has travelled widely across the globe (Canada, China and Japan etc.) under various international conferences. He has brought under the F.A.S.T. scheme of MHRD a Center for Energy and Resources Development (CERD) for IIT (BHU)). Presently he is working on the project “1.5 MW Integrated Dairy and Smart Hybrid Energy System”. He is working as an Assistant Professor in Department of Electrical Engineering, IIT (BHU) Varanasi – 221005

Investigating Quantum Metrology in Noisy Channels

BJ Falaye^1*, AG Adepoju², AS Aliyu¹, MM Melchor², MS Liman¹, MD Gonzalez Ramrez² and KJ Oyewumi³

¹Federal University, Nigeria
²Instituto Politecnico Nacional, Mexico
³University of Ilorin, Nigeria

Quantum entanglement lies at the heart of quantum information and quantum metrology. In quantum metrology, with a colossal amount of quantum Fisher information (QFI), entangled systems can be ameliorated to be a better resource scheme. However, noisy channels eject the QFI substantially. This research work seeks to investigate how QFI of N-qubit GHZ state is ejected when subjected to de-coherence channels: bit-phase ip and generalize amplitude damping (GAD), which can be induced experimentally. We determine the evolution under these channels, deduce the eigen values, and then derive the QFI. We found that when there is no interaction with the environment, the Heisenberg limit can be achieved via rotations along z direction. It has been shown that the maximal mean QFI of the N-qubit GHZ state (Fmax) dwindles as de-coherence (d) increases due to low of information from the system to the environment, until d = 0:5, then revives to form a symmetric around d = 0:5. This revival is as a consequence of memory eject of the environment which leads to back-ow of the information from the environment to the system. Thus, d > 0:5 leads to a situation where more noise yields more efficiency. It has been shown that at nite temperature, QFIs decay more rapidly than at nite temperature. Our results also reveal that QFI can be enhanced by adjusting the temperature of the environment.

Penetration Hardness in Wet Granular Media

Mojgan Aliasgari^1*, Nahid Maleki Jirsaraei¹ and Shahin Rouhani²

¹Alzahra University, Iran
²Sharif University of Technology, Iran

Wet granular materials are familiar systems that play an important role in various fields from geology, land slide and earthquake, to daily life, making sand castle. When liquid is added to a granular system, it turns to a cohesive and pasty media. Even the ancient Egyptians had realized the fact that it was easier to slide the sled of the gods over wet sand than dry one, because of the lower the friction, fewer people needed to carry the sled.

Formation of capillary bridge between grains in wet granular system makes a network of connections as a bridge between grains hence it becomes a yield and stiffer system. Capillary force connect adjacent particle due to the surface tension of the interstitial liquid.

We study the friction coefficient of wet granular matters by measuring the sliding friction of a sledge over wet granular media. Wet granular media can resist against normal load because of the capillary force between grains in comparison with the dry system. Furthermore we measure the penetration hardness of the same media, and find that the penetration hardness can serve as the right parameter which scales the friction coefficient. We show that the penetration hardness and friction coefficient behaves exactly opposite each other; therefore, there is a negative correlation between these two parameters.

Biography:
She is a PhD student in condensed matter physics at Alzahra University. Her thesis is concentrated on the friction of granular materials. In 2012, she won About 1600 US$ from Iranian Nanotechnology Initiative for research in Nanotechnology; when she was a Master student studying on investigating the charge transport in G4-DNA nanowire.

Analogy between the London Equations of Superconductivity and Meissner Effect

Musa Abubakar Bilya

Nasarawa State University, Nigeria

This research is able to make use of available literatures in making a case for a theoretical analogy between the London brothers Laws of Superconductivity, and the Meissner Effect. Mathematical approach was involved in deriving equations that actually prove that an external applied magnetic field through the superconducting materials actually penetrate up to the vortices length, or the penetration depth in the inside of the superconducting material, called the London Penetration depth, before the field exponentially decays completely. Thus, disagreeing with the Meissner Theories that states that for a field through the superconductors, a complete diamagnetic effect takes place.

Fabrication of Schottky Barrier Solar Cells of Copper (I) Oxide (Cu₂O) by the Process of Partial Thermal Oxidation

Sulayman Muhammad Kabeer^1* and Ali Elkhidir Ali²

¹Kogi State College of Education Ankpa, Nigeria
²University of Bakht Al-ruda, Sudan

Copper (1) Oxide (Cu₂O) is a non-stoichiometric semi-conductor. It is envisaged that this semiconductor could be used for the fabrication of low-cost solar cells. These solar cells have been fabricated by researchers using 100 micrometer thick copper sheets. For the purpose of this research, copper foil sample was oxidized in air between 250°C and 1050°C. The oxide films grown were then investigated by means of SEM. This research produced Cu/Cu₂O solar cells with copper sheet 100 micrometer thick using prolonged annealing times and different annealing temperatures to study the development that were achieved in solar cell performance. The investigation of morphology was taken by scanning electron microscopy and (I – V) curve have been carried out, a cell of 42mV open-circuit, voltage, V_oc, 6.7 µ A. short circuit current, I_sc and conversion efficiency of 1.42X10^-4℅has been achieved. This research also detected the effect of prolongedannealing time on the performance of Cu/Cu₂O Schotkky barrier solar cell due to continuous reaction of cuprous oxide with oxygen.

Biography:
Sulayaman Muhamma Kabeer was Compeleted BSc. Ed in Phyics from Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria (2002 - 2007). He had completed M.Sc. in Physics from the Univeristy of Bakht-Er-Ruda, Sudan in 2015 and he presently doing Ph.D. in Physics in the same institution. Presently, he is working as a Lecturer in Integrated Science Department, Kogi State College of Education Ankpa, Nigeria where he is a lecture Physics. He also a visit Academic in Metropolitan Group of Schools, Kaduna, Nigeria where he provide tutorial and practical sessions in Physics and Mathematics. His area of research interest is Material Science and Photonics.

Polaritons in a Non-Ideal Array of Microcavities with Ultracold Quantum Dots

Vladimir Rumyantsev

Donetsk National University, Ukraine

The report is devoted to elucidation of the effect of point-like defects on polariton dispersion in a 1D and 2D microcavity array with embedded one-level quantum dots. It is shown that the presence of vacancies in the microcavity (resonator) and atomic (quantum dots) subsystems results in a substantial renormalization of polariton spectrum and thus in a considerable alteration of optical properties of the structure. Introduction of defects leads to an increase in the effective masses of polaritons and hence to a decrease of their group velocity. Our model is primarily based on the virtual crystal approximation, which is often employed to examine quasiparticle excitations in sufficiently simple disordered superstructures. More complex systems usually require the use of more sophisticated methods such as the (one- or multinode) coherent potential approximation, the averaged T-matrix method and their various modifications. The obtained numerical results contribute to our understanding of composite polaritonic structures and the prospects of their utilization for construction of solid-state devices with controllable propagation of electromagnetic waves.

Biography:
Prof. Vladimir V. Rumyantsev is Head of Department of Theory of Complex Systems Dynamic Properties at A.A. Galkin Donetsk Institute for Physics and Engineering (DonIPE). He is Professor of Theoretical Physics and Nanotechnology Department at Donetsk National University (DonNU). He received PhD in Theoretical Physics (1988) from DonNU and Dr. Sci. in Condensed Matter Physics (2007) from DonIPE. Prof. Rumyantsev has authored/co-authored 4 books, 2 chapters in books and more than 240 scientific publications. He is a member of the American Physical Society (USA) as well as Mediterranean Institute of Fundamental Physics (MIFP, Italy).
Research interests include various aspects of solid state physics, crystallooptics, photonics; more particularly - theoretical study of the effects of disorder in quasi-two-dimensional nanofilms and layered structures caused by the propagation of electromagnetic and acoustic excitations, light-matter coupling in composite nanostructures