Reservoir Rock Characterization of the Barail Arenaceous Reservoir of Makum-North Hapjan Oil Field, Assam with Special Emphasis on Petrography

Kashyap Borgohain^1*, Pradip Borgohain² and Bubul Bharali³

¹Department of Applied Geology, Dibrugarh University, India
²Department of Petroleum Technology, Dibrugarh University, India
³Pachhunga University College, India

Upper Assam Shelf is considered as one of the largest intermontane basin within Indian subcontinents which is bounded by Himalayan mountain ranges in the North, Indo-Burma Ranges in the East, the Mishimi Blocks to the North-East and the Shillong plateau and Mikir hills to the South-West. Lithologically it comprises of argillaceous sequence known as Barail Group which is overlain by thick argillaceous-arenaceous sequence known as Surma Group and Tipam Group; all of these sequences are resting unconformably over the pre-Tertiary Graintic Basement. The Barail Group of rocks are divided into Arenaceous unit (lower) and argillaceous unit (upper) in Upper Assam basin. The Arenaceous unit is considered as good reservoir rock, where as the Argillaceous unit is considered as source rock. Since long back hydrocarbon is producing from various parts of Upper Assam Basin which makes the present study area is economically important. The aim of the present research work is to characterize the porous media of Barail arenaceous reservoir of Makum-North Hapjan oil field. To interpret the basin various sedimentological aspects have been carried out based on subsurface data. Barail reservoir sandstones in Makum-North Hapjan oil field are sublithic-arenite varieties with moderately well sorted texture and deposited in a fluvio-deltaic environment under the intermittent influence of transgressive and regressive effects. The sediments were derived from multiple provenances primarily comprises of reworked sediments and low rank metamorphic rocks.

Biography:
Kashyap Borgohain has completed Master of Science in Applied Geology from Dibrugarh University, Assam, India and presently pursuing PhD in Sedimentology.
Pradip Borgohain (Professor & HOD, Dept. of Petroleum Technology, Dibrugarh University) is a renowned academician and Sedimentologist from NE India who carried out many research projects mainly on petroleum geology from Upper Assam Basin. He published many research papers/articles in national and international journals.
Bubul Bharali is an Assistant Professor in the Geology Department of Pachhunga University College, Mizoram and presently pursuing PhD in Sedimentology.

Rapid Segmentation of Change Detection Maps Derived from Satellite Backscatter Imagery to Extract Landslides Information

Giuseppe Esposito^*, Ivan Marchesini, Alessandro Cesare Mondini, Mauro Rossi, Paola Reichenbach and Paola Salvati

National Research Council, Research Institute for Geo-Hydrological Protection (CNR-IRPI), Italy

Segmentation represents a common process for the extraction of land cover information from satellite imagery. This is a valid support to realize thematic maps and detecting land cover variations when applied to change detection products.

By means of multispectral or radar sensors mounted on satellite platforms, it is possible to get information referred to wide territories. However, depending on the extension and resolution of the analyzed data, processing can be resource demanding and time consuming. When a proper calibration of the parameters required by the used algorithms is needed, the processing time may also increase, becoming not acceptable with respect to the research aims.

In this study we describe a rapid procedure for reducing the time required for the segmentation of large raster layers. In particular, we focus on the analysis of maps representing land cover changes derived from satellite backscatter imagery. We implemented the procedure in a set of Bash scripts running on a GNU/Linux operating system and exploiting the GRASS GIS Open Source modules. First of all, the backscatter changes are calculated by comparing radar signals of multi-temporal Sentinel-1 satellite images, and are converted into a common GIS raster layer. Afterward, the layer is segmented using a Mean Shift algorithm. The computational time required for the segmentation of the raster layer is reduced by splitting it into a series of smaller subsets (tiles), which are segmented in parallel and then reunified. The segmentation process is automatically repeated for different sets of values of the Mean Shift controlling parameters. The values that maximize, at the same time, the number of segments and their average size are thus selected as the best ones.

The described procedure was successfully applied for the detection of landslides triggered by massive earthquakes that struck the central Papua New Guinea in February and March 2018.

Biography:
Giuseppe Esposito works as Research Associate at the Research Institute for Geo-Hydrological Protection of the National Research Council (CNR-IRPI), Italy. He earned a PhD in Gemorphology at the University of Pisa (Italy) in 2018, and his current activity focuses on the combined use of Remote Sensing and GIS techniques for the detection and monitoring of slope instability processes. During his scientific career, Giuseppe had also experiences in Coastal Geomorphology, Paleoseismology, Geotechnics, and Disaster Management. He published most of his researches in international peer-reviewed journals and conferences.

Geometry of the Upper Cretaceous Limestones Aquifer of Goubellat using Geophysical Methods

Nefzi Aymen

Montpellier, France

This work is part of research project (CERTE/MERES 2015-2018): Characterization and valorization of microaquifers in Northwestern Tunisia related to the Georessources Laboratory at Water Researches and Technologies Center, Echopark of Borj-Cedria.

In this report various methodologies, Tools and Applications have been adopted to contribute in increasing the knowledge of this region and to characterize the carbonate aquifer of Late Cretaceous and Sandstone aquifer of Miocene.

Geophysical methods are used to characterize geometric, structural and hydrogeological aquifer level in order to highlight the structural perspective of all at the Quaternary plain between Jebel Bou Rahal and Ksar Tyr syncline in the productivity of these reservoirs.

Compilation, analysis and interpretation of the data issued these methodological approaches based principally on gravity data, electric ERT (2D) and VES have established a specific approach for the characterization and understanding the hydrogeological functioning of the aquifer, the evaluation of its resources and the localization of favorable areas for potential drillings seeking water from these aquifers.

Keywords: Electrical tomography, gravity, vertical electrical sounding, analysis of gravity data, Mejez el Bab (Northwestern Tunisia), Goubellat.

Effect of Environmental Pollution on Susceptibility of Sesquioxide-Rich Soils to Water Erosion

Chukwuebuka Emeh^* and Ogbonnaya Igwe

Department of Geology, University of Nigeria, Nigeria

This work assessed the effect of environmental pollution on runoff erosivity and its contribution on susceptibility of sesquioxiderich soils to water erosion within South-eastern Nigeria. Sources of pollutants which could possibly affect the chemical composition of runoff; hence its pH, were first determined by remote sensing and field observations. Rain and runoff water samples collected within the study area were analysed for their physicochemical compositions. Geotechnical and physical properties of the soil samples which were collected within the study area were determined following standard procedures, while geochemical composition of their fine fractions was ascertained using X-ray diffraction and X-ray fluorescence analytical techniques. An empirical method was then employed to determine the effect of change in chemical composition of runoff on the susceptibility of the studied soil to water erosion. This was achieved by subjecting soil aggregate samples to slaking, dispersion, and dissolution tests in aqueous solutions of varying hydrogen ion concentration which was prepared using dilute sulphuric and nitric acid, ammonium hydroxide, and deionised water. Results from the experiment shows that the fine particle fractions of the soils are chiefly composed of iron and aluminium sesquioxides. The slaking of these sesquioxide-cemented soils is not affected by the variations in chemical composition and hydrogen ion concentration of the aqueous solutions, but rather by the plasticity index of the soils. However, dispersion and dissolution of the soil aggregates were dependent on variations in chemical composition and hydrogen ion concentration of the aqueous solutions. It was therefore concluded that environmental pollution has a significant contribution to runoffs erosivity, thus its potential effect on susceptibility of soils to water erosion.

Biography:
Chukwuebuka Emeh is a research assistant in the department of geology of geology, university of Nigeria, Nsukka. He has his BSc. in geology and MSc. in engineering/environmental geology from the University of Nigeria, and is currently a doctoral candidate in the same department. He has about 5 years research experience in the field of engineering and environmental geology which has produced 2 projects and four international journal publications. He is currently working on causes and control of erosion within erosion prone sites in South-eastern Nigeria. He also assists in teaching of undergraduate students and in research works within the department.

Identifying the Events of Singular-Cosmologies Cosmological Origin in Distinction of Those from Bouncing Cosmologies within Planet-Based Experiments: Upper Bounds and Lower Bounds for the Discriminating Terms in the Spectral Analysis

Orchidea Maria Lecian^1,2*

¹Sapienza University of Rome, Faculty of Civil and Industrial Engineering, DICEA- Department of Civil, Constructional and Environmental Engineering, Italy
²Comenius University in Bratislava, Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics, Department of Theoretical Physics and Physics Education- KTFDF, Slovakia

Earth-based experiments and celestial-bodies- based experiments successfully detect particles and (space-time) geometries by examining the spectrum of non-planetary qualities, if rising either from singular cosmologies, non -singular(bouncing) cosmological models, and space time patches, which either include non-trivial symplectic structures or matter contents necessitating non-equivalent quantum-mechanical representations at compatible scales. Contribution from singular vacuum-Einsteinian cosmologies spectrally decompose as $c^m$ summands ( starting from t-2), as well as for the big-bang symmetric model; Kaellén-Lehmann-Symanzik-Zimmermann (LSZ) states contribute at $h^n$ (from the opportune coupling constant).

The spectral analysis quantitatively fixes upper-bounds and lowers-bounds on families of parameters qualifying measurements expectation values in the interested space time regions, by determining admissibility of interactions between the phenomena originating from the different spacetime patches, and applicability of the matching boundary conditions at the planetary-distance considered geodesics pertinent $c^j$ order(s); their ‘quantum-relatedʼ $h^k$ expansion consequently influences divergence(s) and well-posedness of the completeness, as assigned by the differentiability class(es) of (quantum) wave-funstional(s) by exploiting and comparing the characterizing conditions on integrability/summabilily order(s) of geodesics properties (at their ‘quantumʼ h^p) expansion.

Detection of matter and/or deviations from Riemannian geometry results after expectation values of (not-necessarily quantummechanical) operators and measurements outcomes, at distinctive integrability order(s) and/or summability one(s), while the differentiability classes of Wheeler-deWitt wave functionals (on which operator acts) account for non-LSZ sates. The study allows for the determination of both the nature of the interactions and strengths of (/or new/newly-postulated) coupling constants of non-Riemannian features of non-standard representations of quantum mechanics plus deviations from non-Riemannian features of the spacetime.

The components of the metric tensor determining the geodesics-paths lengths and curvature development are modified also at $h^r$ orders; contributions from non-singular cosmologies and from non-LSZ states (both ascribable also by to macroscopic gravitational bodies and peculiar spacetime patches) also by $c^s$ order.

Furthermore, celestial-body -based experiments significantly separate express gravitational Earth properties (due to shape, size and position in the Solar System), from precession, mass, charge, motion, orbit, stability, Poincaré-Hènon return diagrams, elliptical eccentricity.

Application of Electrical Resistivity Method in Investigating Groundwater Potential

Ofunim Nkem Bright

University of Benin, Nigeria

The study area is underlain by sedimentary rocks. The study was carried out using the electrical resistivity method with schlumberger array configuration as a geophysical tool to gather subsurface geological information which was to define the groundwater aquifer and their thickness.

Three locations were occupied. The apparent resistivities were calculated and plotted on log-log paper. The data were reduced and interpreted by computer iteration method for quantitative interpretation.

The result indicates seven geoelectric at the occupied positions. The results from these layers show the depth of groundwater to be at range of about 77-137m. Therefore, a borehole drilled at this location would reach an aquifer.

Result of this investigation has shown that the resistivity methods are successful and cheaper in outlining the hydrogeological conditions of the subsurface.