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<p class="art-type" id="articleinfo">Editorial Article</p>
<p class="art-title">
Diseases in Calves in Environmentally Unfavourable 
Conditions of the Chui Region of Kyrgyzstan</p>
<p class="art-author"><?php $authors="
Nogoibaev Mukambet Daiyrovich, Nogoibaeva Raisa Sardaevna"; echo (stristr($authors,$coauthor))?str_replace($coauthor,"<a href='".$extpath."authors/".$courl."' target='_blank'>".$coauthor."</a>",$authors):$authors; ?></p>
<p class="art-affl">
Kyrgyz National Agrarian University, Kyrgyzstan</p>
<p class="art-aff"><b>*Corresponding author: <?php $corresponding_author="
Nogoibaev Mukambet Daiyrovich"; echo ($coauthor!="" && $coauthor==$corresponding_author)?"<a href='".$extpath."authors/".$courl."' target='_blank'>".$coauthor."</a>":$corresponding_author;?></b>, 
Professor, Department of Internal animal 
diseases,
Kyrgyz National Agrarian University,
Kyrgyzstan,
Tel: +9960558169689, E-mail: <a href="mailto:mnogoibaev@mail.ru">mnogoibaev@mail.ru</a></p>
<p class="art-aff"><b>Received:</b> November 29, 2023 <b>Accepted:</b> November 29, 2023 <b>Published:</b> December 20, 2023</p>
<p class="art-aff"><b>Citation:</b>: Daiyrovich NM, Sardaevna NR. 
Diseases in Calves in Environmentally 
Unfavourable Conditions of the Chui 
Region of Kyrgyzstan. <i>Madridge J Agric 
Environ Sci</i>. 2023; 5(1): 71-73.
doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.18689/mjaes-1000114">10.18689/mjaes-1000114</a></p>
<p class="art-aff"><b>Copyright:</b> &copy; 2023 The Author(s). This work 
is licensed under a Creative Commons 
Attribution 4.0 International License, which 
permits unrestricted use, distribution, and 
reproduction in any medium, provided the 
original work is properly cited.</p>
<p><a href="<?php echo $extpath;?><?php echo $jres['journal_link'];?>/mjaes-1000114.pdf" class="btn btn-danger pull-right" target="_blank">Download PDF</a></p>
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<div class="articlecontent">
<p class="art-subhead" id="abstract">Annotation</p>
<p class="art-para">The article presents the results of an experimental study on the content of macroand microelements in the system: - soil - water - feed - blood, and their influence on the 
occurrence of immune deficiencies in calves.</p>
<p class="art-para"><b>Keywords:</b> Ecology, morphology, biochemistry, cattle, calves, soil, water, feed, macroand microelements, blood, immune deficiencies, biogeocenotic pathology</p>
<p class="art-subhead" id="intro">Introduction</p>
<p class="art-para">In recent years in Kyrgyzstan, the environmental situation has changed noticeably 
and, in connection with this, new problems have appeared for veterinary science, one of 
which is a comprehensive study of a certain biogeocenosis and its impact on the 
occurrence of mass biogeocenotic pathologies in animals, i.e. immune deficiencies, one 
of the forms of biogeocenotic pathology.</p>
<p class="art-para">Currently, many scientists in the world and in Kyrgyzstan are working on this 
problem (A.A. Elenschläger [17] ; M.D. Nogoibaev et al. [3,4]; E.R. Ismagulova[2]; V. V. 
Valetov et al. [1], A.V. Sindreva[13], etc.). As they claim in their studies, changes in 
biogeocenoses necessarily affect the condition of animals, and this is the cause of the 
emergence of mass biogeocenotic pathologies.</p>
<p class="art-subhead">Materials and Research Methods</p>
<p class="art-para">A scientific and experimental study was carried out at the “Vetka” Agricultural Cooperative",
Chabrets agricultural enterprise and the Sokuluk State Breeding Plant processing plant in the C
region, the content of macro- and microelements in soil, water, plants (feed) and blood 
in animals was studied using atomic absorption spectrophotometry . Analyzes of the 
morphological and immune composition of blood in pregnant cows and their calves 
were carried out in the department of technology of feed production and animal feeding 
of Kyrgyzstan. NIIZhIP and at the Department of Internal Animal Diseases of KNAU 
named after. K.I. Scriabin [10, 12].</p>
<p class="art-subhead">Results</p>
<p class="art-para">Soil, water feed as a component of a certain biogeocenosis is of great importance, 
especially when studying biogeocenotic pathology in cattle. It has been established that 
the main cause is biogeocenotic pathology in cattle is an imbalance in soil, water, feed 
(plants) of individual macro- and microelements. In this regard, we set the task of studying 
soil, water, and feed for the content of macro- and microelements in them [4, 5, 6].</p>
<p class="art-para">
After experimental studies, it was established that the 
amount of many macro- and microelements in the soil of an 
ecologically unfavorable biogeocenosis changes significantly 
compared to the basic indicators; for example, the content of 
manganese, phosphorus, magnesium, on the contrary, is 
greater than the threshold concentration [8, 9].</p>
<p class="art-para">If we take the water data, we can conclude that the 
content of some elements, such as calcium, magnesium, 
phosphorus, iron, copper, manganese, selenium, molybdenum, 
cobalt, iodine, is reduced, and another, like zinc, is slightly 
increased to 0.007 mg/l versus 0.005 mg/l l, and the content 
of macro- and microelements in the feed indicates that certain 
indicators, for example , the amount of calcium has increased 
by 24.2%, and magnesium by 39.3% compared to the norm. 
Other biogenic elements such as phosphorus, copper, 
manganese, selenium, cobalt and iodine in the feed (plants) 
of this biogeocenosis were significantly lower than the control 
samples. This difference in the content of macro- and 
microelements in soil, water and plants (feed) in turn affects 
the morphoimmunological status of the blood of cows and 
their calves [8, 9, 10].</p>
<p class="art-para">The results of a comparative study of the 
morphoimmunological composition of blood in cows and 
their calves with the control group are shown in the table.</p>
<div class="art-img" id="t001">
<img src="<?php echo $imgpath;?>images/mjaes-114-t001.gif" class="img-responsive center-block"/></div> 
<p class="art-para">
Analyzing the data in the table , it should be noted that 
some indicators of the immunomorphological composition of 
blood in cows changed sharply compared to the control 
group, for example, the number of erythrocytes decreased to 
5.85 in 10 12 / l versus 6.5 in 10 12 / l i.e. 10.7% below the 
average physiological norm. Analysis of the pattern of white 
blood cells showed a decrease in their number in the blood of 
cows in the experimental group than in the control group by 
21.3%. We also proved that the amount of hemoglobin in the 
blood of animals in the experimental group was reduced by 
12.0% compared to the control group [11, 12].</p>
<p class="art-para">By comparing the leukocyte formula of experimental 
animals, we found out some changes. Thus, in the blood of 
cows in the experimental group, an increased content of 
basophils was found to be 2.1% versus 0.1% in the control 
values. There was also an increase in the number of eosinophils 
to 12.4 % i.e. 2.4 times more than healthy animals [11].</p>
<p class="art-para">An increased number of neutrophils, in particular 
segmentonuclear forms in cows 33.0% and band forms in 
calves up to 6.2%, can be considered as a protective adaptation 
to changes in the biogeocenotic environment of a given 
biogeocenosis. A reduced number of lymphocytes up to 
10.7%, and monocytes up to 60% in the blood of cows and 
their calves, indicates that the animals in the experimental 
group have a weak immune reactivity of the body [12].</p>
<p class="art-para"><b>
The Discussion of the Results</b></p>
<p class="art-para">As the results of experimental studies show, in the soil, 
water and feed of this biogeocenosis there is a serious 
imbalance in the content of individual macro- and 
microelements, as a result of which various biogeocenotic 
pathologies arise in animals (N.A. Uraziev et al. [15]; A.A. 
Elenschläger[17], I.A. Shkuratova [16], A.R. Tairova [14], M.D. 
Nogoibaev et al. [7, 10, 12], etc.).</p>
<p class="art-subhead">Conclusions</p>
<p class="art-para">•	 It has been experimentally established that an 
imbalance in the content of individual macro- and 
microelements in soil, water and feed always 
negatively affects the body not only in mother cows , 
but also in their calves.</p>
<p class="art-para">•	 Based on the conducted morphoimmunological 
studies, it has been established that mother cows and 
their calves exposed to environmentally unfavorable 
conditions develop profound metabolic disorders, 
and massive biogeocenotic pathologies arise, such as 
immune deficiencies in calves.</p>
<p class="art-subhead">Summary</p>
<p class="art-para">This scientific article presents scientific results on the 
occurrence of immunodeficiency in young calves due to the 
effect of the reduction of macro- and microelements in soil, 
water, feed and blood on the body of a pregnant cow.</p>
<p class="art-subhead" id="references">References</p>
<ol>
<li class="ref"><div id="1">Valetova VV. <a href="" target="_blank">Trace element composition of soil, water and the metabolic 
state of cattle in the KSUP Lomovichi of the Oktyabrsky district. 2011; 
Proceedings of the Moscow State Pedagogical University. 43-48.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="#ref1"><i class="fa fa-level-up" aria-hidden="true"></i></a></div></li>
<li class="ref"><div id="2">Ismagulova ER. <a href="" target="_blank">Clinical and morphological manifestations, prediction 
and correction of mineral metabolism in animals: 2006.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="#ref2"><i class="fa fa-level-up" aria-hidden="true"></i></a></div></li>
<li class="ref"><div id="3">Nogoibaev MD, Mederbekova MS. <a href="" target="_blank">Prospects for studying biogeocenotic 
pathology in animals in Kyrgyzstan. 2007; 71-76.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="#ref3"><i class="fa fa-level-up" aria-hidden="true"></i></a></div></li>
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