Director (Research), Department of Medical Research, National Poison Control Center (NPCC), Myanmar
Myanmar is located in South East Asia region and arsenic contamination in ground water is naturally occurring (Geogenic related arsenic). Arsenic contamination of ground water in Myanmar first came to attention in 2000 but full magnitude and scale of the problem is still unknown. In Myanmar, the permissible level of arsenic in drinking water is 50μg/L. Baseline data of Arsenic contamination in ground water was collected by government and non-governmental organizations through Arsenic Mitigation projects since 2000. Chronic arsenic poisoning – ARSENICOSIS is a chronic health condition arising from prolonged exposure of arsenic above a safe dose. Active case detection of Arsenicosis study was conducted from 2002 to 2006 and 7 Arsenicosis cases were found. From 2015 to 2018, Arsenic mitigation project was done in 7 villages of Thabaung Township by Department of Medical Research in collaboration with University of Miyazaki, Japan. Baseline study was carried out and only 21% (190/904) households had knowledge about arsenic. Among the 183 tested tube wells, 67.2% had Arsenic content above Myanmar National Standard of 50 ppb (0.05 mg/L). In 2016 and 2017, on general medical examination and examination of arsenicosis related dermatological and neurological signs, 20.9% (43/205) and 20.4% (28/137) of hair samples were found to have higher than permissible level (1 ppm) respectively. Awareness program on Arsenic was carried out at schools, houses and Township health department of the study area. Evaluation survey done during February and March 2018 revealed that 78% (573/735) households had knowledge about arsenic. Safe water supply system (Gravel Sand Filter) has been established in two villages of the study area. This GSF system can provide safe drinking water for people residing in arsenic contaminated areas in Myanmar.
Biography:
Dr. Khin Phyu Phyu is a Director of National Poison Control Center (NPCC), Department of Medical Research, Ministry of Health and Sports since 2014, dealt with environmental health challenges of Myanmar. Quality of research and capacity building are being upgraded. Collaboration with Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) assessing arsenic levels in rural water wells. She was experienced for more than 14 years in teaching and 18 years in the research fields. She has more than 21 publications, 4 international posters, 7 international speakers and 8 international trainings and workshops. She has received 12 awards for research papers and posters.
1Institute of Animal Science, University of Bonn, Germany
2Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Cairo University, Egypt
3Department of Pharmacology, National Organization for Drug Control and Research, Egypt
Exposure to lead (Pb2+) during the in utero period has been proven to be detrimental to the human and animal offspring. Despite attempts to identify and eliminate sources of Pb2+ exposure, it is still present in the biotope and it induces adverse health effects. Reports suggested that antioxidants could serve as a therapeutic strategy against lead toxicity. The Alpha- lipoic acid (LA) is a natural organosulfur compound present in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes; where it exerts a selective immunomodulating activity with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. However, little is known about its protective effect against Pb2+ toxicity in female reproduction. Here, we aimed to investigate the protective effect of LA against Pb2+ challenge in pregnant rats and their fetuses. Pregnant rats at day 1 of gestation were enrolled to this experiment and divided into five groups (10 rats of each) where group 1 was provided only with water and served as control. Group 2 received 1% tween 80 (a solvent for LA). Group 3 was gavaged lead acetate (233.25 mg/kg) from day 7 to 16 of gestation. The 4th group received LA (61.9 mg/kg) orally throughout the gestation period, while group 5 received both LA and lead acetate. Dams were sacrificed on the 20th day of gestation and fetuses were removed by cesarean section where implantation sites, fetal mortality, morphological examination, body weight and length were recorded. Blood samples were collected from both dams and fetuses for hematological and biochemical parameters assessment. Histopathological examination of placenta was also performed. The results showed that Pb2+ caused a reduction in the maternal body weight gain, increase in the rate of abortion, as well as fetal growth retardation and malformations in their skeleton. Moreover, Pb2+ induced severe hematological and biochemical alterations in both dams and fetuses. The toxicity of Pb2+ was further revealed by pathological alteration in the placenta and hepatic DNA fragmentation. However, LA pretreatment counteracted the impact of Pb2+ on both dams and fetuses parameters. The results suggested that LA could be a promising prophylaxis against Pb2+ toxicity.
Biography:
Hoda Samir Badr Aglan graduated from the faculty of Pharmacy Ain Shams University. She has been Assistant Researcher in National Organization for Drug Control and Research, Egypt. She has 8 years experience at the department of Pharmacology during which she got her MSc Degree in Pharmacology and Toxicology, specializing in Reproductive Toxicology, from the faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Egypt. Now she is a PhD student in the Institute of Animal Science, University of Bonn. Her thesis theme is related to the impact of heavy metals on bovine ovarian granulosa cells and in vitro cultured preimplantation embryos. She has great motivation to learn about different assisted reproduction techniques and how they could be affected by unavoidable environmental stressors, meanly heavy metals. Additionally, she is interested in studying of the impact of antioxidants on the genetic and epigenetic make-up of bovine embryos during the preimplantation period.
1Pharmaco-Toxicology service of CHU Hassan II Fez, Morocco
2Laboratory of Biomedical and Translational Research, Faculty of Medicine, Morocco
3National school of public health, Morocco
4Laboraoty of Epidemiology Clinical Research and community health, Morocco
Epidemiological studies among tannery workers have shown different risks and toxic effects on the health of tanners (1),(2). However, health problems of traditional tannery workers has never been studies in Morocco with medical monitoring.
Aim: To assess the health hazards faced by the workers in traditional tanneries in Morocco.
Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, a total of 440 study population that 220 are the workers from three artisanal tanneries located in the old medina of Fez city, besides 220 subjects served as a control. The study was approved by the University Hospital committee of Ethics at fez. The questionnaire included socio-demographic, clinic-pathological, biological and toxicological informations. The results were analyzed by statistical tests included Chi Square and studentʼs t-test. Total blood chromium was estimated by ICP-MS.
Results: All the research population was men. The most recruted age section was between 40 and 60 years. The clinical manifestation was significantly higher (86%) in comparison to the control group (32%). Musculoskeletal diseases (77.5%), Dermatological (19%) genito-urinary disorders (36%) were found more frequently for tanners in comparison to the controls (9%), (4.5%) and (1.8%) concurrently. The frequency of anemia (3%) and urinary infections (34%) was higher for the tannery workers in comparison to the control (0%). Also, there is no statistical difference in liver enzyme activities and renal functions between the two studies groups. Blood chromium level showed no significant difference in workers as compared with control.
Conclusion: Health risks among artisanal tannery workers are very high and they are extremely associated with some chemicals and insupportable working conditions.
Bibliography:
1. Özdilli K, Işsever H, Özyildirim BA, Hapçioglu B, Ince N, Ince H, et al. Biological hazards in tannery workers. Indoor Built Environ. 2007;16(4):349–57.
2. Ahsan MM. Biochemical and Haematological Abnormalities in Human Population Exposed To Hexavalent Chromium in Effluents of Tanneries Industrial Area of District Kasur. 2003;38(3):239–53.
1Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Jazan University, Saudi Arabia
2Department of Biology, King Abdulaziz University, Saudi Arabia
3Zoolgy department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Egypt
Objective: To evaluate the anticancer activity and the DPPH Radical Scavenging Activity of the methanolic extract of Euphorbia inarticulate plant from Jazan region, Saudi Arabia, in an in vitro study, which could be beneficial in anticancer therapy against human breast cancer cell line (MCF-7), prostate cell line (PC-3), human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line (HEPG2) and normal breast epithelial cell line (MCF-10A). The human foreskin fibroblast cell line, (Hs68) was also included in the cell panel. Doxorubicin and 5-Flurouracil, broad-spectrum anticancer drugs, were used as the positive control.
Methods: Cytotoxicity of Euphorbia inarticulate plant extract was investigated by employing MTT assay.
Results: Methanolic extract of Euphorbia inarticulata showed significant toxicity against cancer cells. Comparison with positive control signifies that cytotoxicity exhibited by methanol extract might have moderate activity.
Conclusion: To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report to demonstrate the cytotoxicity of Euphorbia inarticulate plant extract. However, the observed toxicity of this plant extract needs to be confirmed by additional studies. Based on our results, further examination of the potential anticancer properties of Euphorbia inarticulate plant species and the identification of the active ingredients of these extracts is warranted.
Biography:
Ghaliah H. Almalki completed her Bachelor of Science in Biology in 2009 from University of Taif, S.A. She obtained her Master of Science in Biology in 2013 from University of King Abdul-Aziz, S.A. Currently she is a highly motivated Academic teacher with a degree in Biology and 3 years experience in an academic setting as a lecturer. Demonstrated ability to connect with students and develop individualized plans for academic success. Offering exceptional organizational and problem-solving skills. Her research interests include Nutrition Science, Cell physiology, Histology and Cell response to drug results and study cellular effects after exposure to new treatments.
National Institute of Health Sciences (NIHS), Japan
In Japan, a main organization on the alternative to animal testing is the Japanese Center for the Validation of Alternative Methods (JaCVAM). JaCVAM is hereby established as part of the Biological Safety Research Center (BSRC), the National Institute of Health Sciences (NIHS) in 2005 and the BSRC director serves as head of JaCVAM. JaCVAM was established to promote the use of alternative methods to animal testing in regulatory studies, thereby replacing, reducing or refining (the 3 Rs) the use of animals wherever possible while meeting the responsibility of the BSRC to ensure the protection of the general public by assessing the safety of chemicals and other materials, as stipulated in the regulations of the NIHS. JaCVAM activities are also beneficial to application and approval for the manufacture and sale of pharmaceutical and other products as well as to revisions to standards for cosmetic products. Under the International Cooperation on Alternative Test Methods (ICATM), JaCVAM contributed to establish nine test guidelines in OECD.
Recently, JaCVAM (Japanese Center for the Validation of Alternative Methods) is coordinating, along with several other international collaborators, in ongoing validation studies and independent peer reviews, which include Hand1-Luc EST (Embryo Stem cell Test) and Zebrafish embryo toxicity test method for the reproductive & developmental screening and MITA (MultiImmunoTox assay) for immunotoxicity in the field of systemic toxicology.
On the other hand, Japanese new projects started last year. One is “Microphysiological System” project supported by AMED (Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development). In this project, a few types of models using Human Organ-on-chips have developed for drug screening by collaborations with pharmaceutical companies and academia, etc. The other one is “Development of AI based next generation safety prediction system using related Big data (AI-SHIPS)” project supported by METI (Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry). Basic strategy of this project is to develop the prediction system of hepatotoxicity (cytotoxicity, lipid abnormality, cholangiopathy and hypertrophy etc.) and to develop hemo-toxicity and renal-toxicity using the data based on 28-day Repeated Dose Toxicity Test.
For the systemic toxicological endpoints of repeated dose toxicity, carcinogenicity and reproductive toxicity, new test methods are expected to be developed in the future worldwide. I believe Japan will make a significant contribution to these developments in JaCVAM and the Japanese projects.
Biography:
Hajime Kojima, Ph.D., is the secretary general of Japanese Center for the Validation of Alternative methods (JaCVAM) and the section chief of Division of risk assessment, Biological Safety Research Center (BSRC) in National Institute of Health Sciences (NIHS) contributing to the identification and evaluation of in vitro test methods for their potential validation, in the field of genotoxicity and local toxicity (skin and eye). He holds several publications in refereed journals dealing with in vitro toxicity assay as well as validation study. He is a vice-chair of the Working Group of the National Coordinators for the Test Guidelines Programme and is also an expert of skin & eye irritation, skin sensitisation, validation management group of non-animal for endcrine disrupter in OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development). Until now, he has contributed to be approved more than 10 test methods developed by Japanese in the OECD Test Guidelines.
Emergency Medical Services – College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saudbin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Saudi Arabia
Introduction: Chemical intoxication is showing undesirable signs and symptoms that might be mild to severe and may end with death. This research is aimed to clarify the prevalence of chemical toxicity patients in King Abdulaziz Medical City (KAMC) and their way of exposure to determine if it is inhaled, absorbed, ingested or injected. Finally, in this research we evaluated the demographics of the patients that presented to the ER.
Methodology: The study design will be a quantitative retrospective cohort study. The study was conducted in the Department of Emergency in KAMC – Riyadh. Sample size was 250 patients and the sample technique was consecutive sampling. The data collected was entered in MS Excel and SPSS program.
Result: A total of 250 patients were included in the study and 141 of those patients were females (56%). Out of 250 patients, 186 patients (74.4%) were pediatrics. The pediatric/adult ratio was 2.90/1. The analysis showed that in 178 patients (71.2%) the cause of poisonings was medications, in 10 patients (4%) snakes and scorpions bites, in 8 patients (3.2%) a caustic substance and organophosphate, in 5 patients (2%) rat poison, in 3 patients (1.2%) CO poisoning, in 33 patients (13.2%) foreign bodies includes cosmetics products and others found at houses and there were 13 patients (5.2%) suspected to have toxins. Out of the 250 patients, there were no complications in 202 patients (80.8%), in 48 patients (19.2%) there were some complications, such as Q&T wave changes and heart blocks, but no death cases has been recorded.
Conclusion: The result of the study shows that, chemical poisoning are more common in pediatrics than adults and females than males and the most common type is by medications. Finally, parents should be educated more to keep medications out of reach from children, psychotic patients and suicidal members.
Biography:
Abdullah Alrajeh is an Emergency Medical Services intern at King Abdulaziz Medical City, Saudi Arabia, Riyadh. He is from King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Saudi Arabia, Riyadh, currently in the internship year. His current research is Chemical Toxicity; Exposure and Complications. He is interested in toxicology in the emergency field.
Genetics and Cytology Department, National Research Centre, Egypt
Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa) is a species of Hibiscus native, it may be known as carcade, which has a medical benefit as reducing blood pressure for hypertensive patients. Ficus carica is an Asian species of flowering plants in the mulberry family, known as the common fig. Fig color may vary between cultivars due to various concentrations of anthocyanins, with cyanidin-3-O-rutinoside having particularly high content. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the in vitro genotoxicity for both plant extracts.
Results: No significant difference in the induction of micronuclei was observed between cultures treated with the Hibiscus or Ficus and the negative control, demonstrating the absence of genotoxic activity at the tested concentration. The same results were obtained with the chromosomal aberration assay on the two extracts; therefore the two extracts have not any significant effect of chromosomal aberrations, induced with tested concentrations.
In conclusion, the present work showed that the used concentrations of the two tested extracts (Hibiscus and Ficus) were considered as a save extracts in using with human, beside their medicinal activities.
Keywords: Hibiscus, Ficus, in vitro genotoxicity, spleen cultured cells, chromosomal aberration and Micronucleus assay.
Jawahar Navodaya Vidyalaya, India
The toxicity of particular pollutant depends upon many factors such as animal mass, developmental stages, period of exposure and temperature, pH, hardness of water and dissolved content of the medium. The toxic ammonia is concentrated in different tissues of fish and its concentration in plasma normally remains upto 2 mM in most teleost fishes. The degenerative changes and massive hypertrophic lesions have been observed in catfish response to ammonia exposure. Ammonium sulphate affects histopathological changes in the opercular lining of the catfish. Ammonia causes stress and damages gills and other tissues, even in small amounts. The increase in serum enzymes (LDH, GDH) is an indicative of some degree of tissue necrosis or of liver and kidney dysfunction and leakage of enzymes from wounded tissue into the blood. At high-dose of ammonia treated fish suffer from neurological dysfunction. Symptoms of ammonia intoxication include tremor, blurring of vision and in severe cases coma and death. Ammonia intoxication is assumed to be a factor in the etiology of hepatic coma.
Keywords: Ammonia, LDH, GDH, pH, Temperature, Catfish.
1Department of Environmental Management and Toxicology, Faculty of Life Science, University of Benin, Nigeria
2Department of Biological Science, Faculty Science, Edo University, Nigeria
3Ecotoxicology and Environmental Forensics Laboratory, Department of Animal and Environmental Biology, University of Benin, Nigeria
4Ecotoxicology Laboratory, National Centre for Energy and Environment, Energy Commission of Nigeria, University of Benin, Nigeria
The objectives of this study are to evaluate the probable health risk to humans via consumption of some of chicken organ parts. Trace metals in the chicken organs were digested and extracted using standard analytical methods. The results of the average daily intake (ADD) revealed high metal content in the consumption of the lung [Adults (Cu-109.15 mg/kg) and children (Cu200.28 mg/kg)] and the brain [Adult (Zn-167.25 mg/kg) and children (306.88 mg/kg)]. The hazard quotient (HQ) and hazard index (HI) of the trace metals in the chicken organ parts were all > 1 except for Ni in the heart, blood, lung, kidney and brain. The results of the estimated daily intake (EDI) showed that Ni had a higher percentage in the heart, blood and lungs. The findings of the health risk impact (HRI) revealed high values of Cu (23.39 and 19.86 mg/kg) in the lungs and muscle respectively.
Biography:
Dr. Anani O. A has completed his PhD at the age of 37 years from University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria. He is currently a lecturer and admission officer of Faculty of Science Edo University, Iyamho. He has over 7 publications that have been cited over 5 times and his publication H-index is 1.0 in google scholar and 2.84 in research gate. He has been serving as a reviewer in reputed Journal.
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