Kaiser Permanente, USA
“Intermittent Fasting (IF) has been shown to provide benefits for cardiovascular disease, diabetes and obesity. The presentation will focus on the current literature regarding IF and cite several research studies that demonstrate the benefits of IF for cardiovascular and metabolic conditions as a useful adjunct to medical treatment.”
Biography:
Dr. Abid Haq MD, MPH, FACOEM is the former Medical Director and Chief of Service of the Occupational Health Department at Kaiser Permanente, Washington from 2008 to 2018, where he supervised 12 clinics. He is also anAssociate Clinical Professor of the Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine at the School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle where he teaches residents. He is board-certified in Occupational and Environmental Medicine and Internal Medicine. He received a Masterʼs in Public Health from the University of California, Los Angeles and is a Fellow of the American College of Occupational and Environmental Medicine. He has been awarded the Seattle Metropolitan Magazine “Top Doctor” Award several years in a row. His interests are occupational injuries and illnesses and the role of nutrition and exercise in Functional Medicine.
1The Ageing Biology Centre, Newcastle Institute for Ageing, Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Campus of Ageing and Vitality, UK
2Human Nutrition Research Centre, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, UK
The interaction between cellular senescence and inflammation is a core concept in ageing. Senescence is no longer merely check point reinforcement in dividing cells. Accumulating evidence shows that senescence and the associated inflammatory phenotype also occur in post-mitotic cells such as neurons and hepatocytes. Visceral adipose tissue in humans is notorious for inflammation during nutrition imbalance and ageing, albeit with different mechanisms. However, the senescence state of the lipid-bearing adipocytes has only recently been studied. We hypothesised that induction of senescence due to ad libitum (AL) feeding of mice results in an increased inflammatory state of visceral adipose tissue which could be alleviated by dietary restriction (DR).
Here, we present two DR studies in mice. We demonstrate that, as expected, ageing increases selected senescence (DNA damage, p16 expression) and inflammation (TNFα± expression, macrophage infiltration) markers in visceral adipose tissue, some of which can be reduced by DR. Furthermore, after 12 months of DR, shifting mice from DR to AL feeding for 3 months prevents increase in these markers, showing that DR can provide a “metabolic memory” as protection against AL-induced senescence.
Nitrate is a dietary nutrient that can induce β-oxidation of fat in differentiating adipocytes. Thus, we further hypothesised that nitrate-treatment might be able to alleviate senescence markers in hypertrophic adipocytes. To study this, we modelled nutritional imbalance through saturated fatty acid treatments using primary human subcutaneous adipocytes. Using immunofluorescence microscopy we found a 5.5-fold increase in DNA damage (p=0.022) and 3.9-fold increase in p16 (p=0.001), correlating with increased intracellular lipid accumulation, after two days of palmitic acid treatment. However, a further two-day treatment with nitrate was insufficient to alleviate these senescence markers.
In conclusion, along with inflammation, AL feeding induces senescence in visceral adipose mouse tissue which can be ameliorated by DR and kept as a “metabolic memory”. In contrast, we did not find any beneficial effect of nitrate treatment in an In vitro model of cultured human adipocytes.
Biography:
Abbas Ishaq is a final year PhD student from the Newcastle University Institute of Ageing. His research topic is the characterisation and alleviation of senescence in post-mitotic cells through nutritional supplementation, particularly in adipocytes under metabolic stress. Outside of the laboratory, Abbas is highly interested in the automation of image and data analysis and optimisation of workflows to remove excessive repetitive manual labour such that researchers may better employ their time on novel concepts. To this end, he keeps attempts to keep abreast of the latest software, hardware and methods in the field.
Coimbra Health School, Portugal
Introduction: Magnesium is the 2nd most abundant mineral in the cells, a cofactor of many enzymes involving in the regulation of muscle contraction, oxygen supply and protein synthesis. The adult daily recommendations are 400-420 mg (male) and 310-320 mg (female). There are no specific recommendations for athletes, but itʼs defended that these should be 10 to 20% higher than these dentary population.
Aim: Determinate the extent to which magnesium supplementation brings benefits for athletes.
Methods: The search was carried out at the Google Academic and PubMed database from 2006 to 2017, using the terms “magnesium supplementation” and “sportsmen” with filters such as “humans”.
Results: In a group of marathon runners supplemented with 126 mg/d, it was found that there is no improvement in muscle function. In subjects supplemented with 250 mg/d, there was no gain in muscle strength. In a group of runners athletes, supplemented with 360 mg/d for 4 weeks, a low serum lactate concentration and lower oxygen consumption were observed. With 250 mg/d supplementation in moderately trained adults, was an improvement in cardio respiratory function and physical performance. Nevertheless, excessive supplementation can cause adverse effects, such as gastro intestinal disorders. The Institute of Medicine defined limit values to UL=350 mg/d.
Conclusion: The same amount of magnesium supplementation may have different results regarding themodality practised. In this sense, in order to have an increase in performance and physical endurance as well as muscle strength and metabolism, supplementation values must be between 250 to 350 mg/d.
Keywords: Nutrition, Magnesium, Supplementation, Sportsmen, Performance.
Biography:
Ana Lúcia Baltazar is a Professor in Coimbra Health School/IPC for the graduated course of “Dietetic and Nutrition”. She is a PhD candidate in “Ciencias de l´alimentacíon”, University of Valencia, Spain with certifications in various post-graduated studies, Food Safety - HACCP auditor and a Master in Occupational Safety. A dedicated and qualified Nutritionist, with more than ten years of experience, a strong technical background, proven in management skills and an “agent for change”. Exceptional experience in monitoring progressive nutrition and food science status and providing training, knowledge of food safety requirements and quality standards in the food sector.
1Dietectics and Nutrition Department, Coimbra Health School, Portugal
2Physiotherapy Department, Coimbra Health School, Portugal
3Environmental Health Department, Coimbra Health School, Portugal
In the last decades the prevalence of overweight and obesity has increased strongly. Because overweight and obesity increase the risk of various diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease and cancer, it is considered a major public health challenge around the world. A contributing factor for overweight/obesity could be the increase in sedentary labour lifestyle.
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association of Body Mass Index (BMI), Waist Circumference (WC) with occupational sedentarism in workers of a higher education institution.
The WC measurement and the antropometric data of the participants were collected for calculation of BMI, using respectively a body tape measure, scale and stadiometer. Data were collected on age, gender and for the evaluation of the sedentary behavior at work, was apllied the Occupational Sitting and Physical Activity Questionnaire (OSPAQ) in a sample of 59 workers between December 2017 and January 2018. SPSS Statistics was used to perform the statistical treatment.
In the study, 39 of the individuals were females and 19 males, aged between 31-62 years. Regarding BMI, 54.3% of the participants were ≥ 25 kg/m2, relative to the WC, 25.4% of workers are at increased risk and 10.2% are at greatly increased risk of metabolic complications. The participants revealed a sedentary lifestyle in the occupational activity (1680 minutes/week in a sitting position). Through Spearmanʼs correlation coefficient, no statistically significant association between BMI, WC and occupational sedentary behavior were identified (p> 0.05).
Despite the fact that our study didn´t show association between occupational sedentarism and the anthropometric variables, the reality is that we are faced with workers that shows occupational sedentary lifestyle, BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 and WC values associated with metabolic complications. With these alarming results, it is imperative to create work environments that promote healthy lifestyles, integrating dietitians in the Occupational Health Services.
Biography:
Sónia Fialho graduated in Dietetics at the Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde de Lisboa in 2000. She began her professional activity in 2000 as a dietitian at the Centro Hospitalar de Cascais. In 2001, she joined the Quality Department of a catering company, uniself where developed with her professional career in the area of food safety. Currently collaborates as a professor of Dietetics and Nutrition Degree in Coimbra Health School.
Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Italy
Troubles can arise during the re-epithelialization phase of skin wound healing, resulting in chronic non-healing lesions which represent a serious clinical problem. Over the last decades efforts aimed to find new pharmacological approaches for wound care were made, yet almost all current therapeutic strategies employed remain inadequate or even ineffective. As such, it is crucial to identify new drugs that can enable a proper regeneration of the epithelium in a wounded skin. Here, HaCaT human keratinocytes were used as experimental model of skin re-epithelialization and the effects of the fibrinolytic drug mesoglycan on keratinocyte fate were investigated.
We found that mesoglycan induced HaCaT cell activation by triggering syndecan-4/PKCα± pathway.
The activation of heparan sulphate proteoglycans could elicit stronger signaling responses by trans-activation of cellular cross talk and may play an important role in regulating cellular response during the re-epithelialization phase. Our data suggest that mesoglycan induces keratinocyte activation and differentiation and may be useful as new pro-healing drug in a skin wound care scenario.
Biography:
Antonello Petrella is a Professor of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Italy. Her professional interests involve the role of Annexin A1 in migration and invasion of human pancreatic carcinoma cells and in prostate cancer progression. Moreover studying the role of mesoglycan in skin wound healing. The Author has published about 60 scientific papers in referred journals.
1North-West University, South Africa
2University of the Western Cape, South Africa
Roxithromycin (macrolide antibiotic) has a bacteriostatic effect on Propionibacterium acnes (accumulates in the dermis) and the formulation into a topical product is problematic due to its poor solubility. Amorphous solid-state forms usually have a less structure molecular packing than its crystalline counterpart, which may lead to increased solubility. Originally, roxithromycin (the crystalline monohydrate form) and two of its amorphous forms (glassy form and chloroform desolvate form) were encapsulated separately into different vesicles (niosomes, proniosomes, ufosomes and pro-ufosomes) to determine if the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) was delivered to the target-site (the dermis). It was concluded that the topical delivery of the API was successful and that the concentration delivered was more dependent on the vesicle than the solid-state form used.
Thereafter, the aim was to determine whether the excipients used to formulate the vesicles (niosomes and liposomes) had an effect on the solid-state nature of the API and which of the different combinations of excipients would deliver the highest concentration of roxithromycin to the target-site. The solid-state forms were characterized in terms of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and X-Ray powder diffraction (XRPD). Skin diffusion was performed with vertical Franz diffusion cells followed by tape stripping. It was observed that the vesicles used prevented the recrystallization of the amorphous forms and that the crystalline form of the API was rendered into an amorphous habit. Thereby indicating that formulation of vesicles could result in the preparation of amorphous solid dispersions. It was discovered that the excipients could be used to target certain areas and also that the excipients influenced the diffusion of roxithromycin into and through the skin.
Biography:
Minja Gerber received her PhD (Pharmaceutical Chemistry) in 2007 at The North-West University (NWU) and two years later accepted a permanent position at the NWU as Senior Lecturer in the Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences (Pharmacen™). She has authored/co-authored 29 research publications. Since 2006, she has supervised 54 post-graduate students (8 PhD, 41 MSc) and in 2018, she was promoted to Associate Professor in Pharmaceutics. She has reviewed numerous publications for various journals and received several research grants of which she was the principal investigator. In 2012, she completed a Sabbatical at Leiden University under the guidance of Prof. Joke Bouwstra.
Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, Italy
Drug combination therapy is considered an effective strategy in the treatment of cancer to overcome drug toxicity because of lower doses required. Natural products acting in synergy with commercial drugs to bring about a positive or enhanced effect are nowadays well documented.
Cisplatin (Cis) is a potent chemotherapeutic agent routinely used to treat various types of cancer. However, its beneficial effect is largely compromised by adverse reactions and more importantly, by the development of drug resistance. Indicaxanthin (Ind) a bioavailable phytochemical from cactus pear fruit has displayed a variety of biological activities including chemoprevention and inhibition of tumor growth In vitro and in animals (1, 2).
The present study investigated the combined effect of Cis / Ind on cell death in the human cell line of cervix cancer (HeLa). Combinations of Cis and Ind at 0.5, 0.7, 0.9 and 1.0 times their respective IC50 values were assayed and the combined drug action analyzed by Chou and Talalayʼs equation (1984). A synergistic effect (Combination Index <1) was observed for all the combinations of Cis and Ind. Flow cytometry analysis indicated that the combination of Cis and Ind increased the percentage of cells exposing phosphatidylserine to the outer membrane, caused a stronger variation of the mitochondrial membrane potential, raised the levels of oxygen reactive species and enhanced the number of cells in the G0/G1 phase when compared to the treatment with the individual compounds alone. Analysis by fluorescence microscopy using acridine orange/ethidium bromide staining confirmed that the combination of Cis and Ind induced a more potent apoptosis. Moreover sub toxic and nutritionally relevant concentrations (5μM) of Ind potentiated the anticancer activity of Cis toward HeLa cells, decreasing its IC50 by more than 50% while counteracted the apoptotic effect of the drug in human red blood cells.
In conclusion, Ind may be a candidate anticancer agent that, when use in combination, may increase the therapeutic efficacy of Cis preventing its adverse toxicity.
Biography:
AlessandroAttanzio is a Researcher in- BIO/10 Biochemistry and completed his PhD in Pharmaceutical Sciences and got a Graduate degree in Biomedicine with a vote of 110/110 and praise. He is a Patent Inventor and Guest Editor for Journal of Food Quality and is the Author of 25 publications on international biochemical and nutraceutical journals.
1Al Azhar University-Gaza, Palestine
2Federation of Health Work Committees, Palestine
3Ministry of Health Palestine, Palestine
In Palestine, the prevalence of Diabetes is high; it is in the range of 15.3% compared to a worldwide prevalence of 6%., however, anecdotal information from numerous sources suggest the rate could be much higher (18-21%) and total diabetic population in Palestine, 4.4% of persons are diagnosed with type 1 diabetes, 95.3% are diagnosed with type 2 diabetes (WHO, 2016).
The study was conducted with the aim of assessing knowledge, attitude and practice for diabetes type I patients in Gaza Governorate and provide suitable intervention in order to control their blood sugar level appropriately with objective to determine the current level of knowledge and awareness toward diabetes type I disease and to examine the effectiveness of nutrition program in controlling the blood sugar level among diabetic type I patients.
Methodology: The study design was conducted based on the Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs) design. The sample size is 148 patients from Gaza Governate Exclusion criteria include diabetic neonates and diabetic patients with other diseases. A total of 148 patients will be interviewed and asked to full self-administered questionnaire as well as lab tests needed to study (HbA1c, C-peptide, TG, and liver function and urine analysis). This same questionnaire will be used pre and post intervention for comparison setting and assessment the efficiency of intervention.
Result: Reduction of insulin dose for diabetic patients with preserving normal blood glucose level and improve lifestyle of children in accordance with their health status.
Columbia University, USA
Reducing the burden of Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs) is critical to achieving greater economic and social development. Lowering rates of Diabetes, Cardiovascular Diseases, Chronic Respiratory Diseases and Cancer (NCD4) presents significant challenges, while prior analyses of policy effects on NCDs have the benefit of Single Legal Interventions Little is known about Potentially Synergistic Effect of Multiple Policies.
Study: It aims to develop a composite measure of NCD laws that characterizes National Policy Landscapes in relation to the Three Primary Modifiable Risk Factors for NCDs. The Global Food, Alcohol and Tobacco Index (“GFAT Index”) will measure the extent to which countries have adopted evidence-based Packages of NCD Laws that regulate Food, Alcohol and Tobacco and quantify the strength of these policies on the basis of substantive content.
Methods: We constructed the GFAT Index by a) Aggregating Primary Legal Data from 2010 and onward in publicly available and proprietary Legal Databases for each country, b) Developing an Integrated Coding Guide that quantified the relative strength of these policies based on best available evidence and c) Conducting Qualitative Content Analysis with NVIVO on Legal Data. Final Index scores were assigned after reconciling outstanding differences in coding.
Results: All countries had at a least One Cluster of NCD laws that established Alcohol and Tobacco purchasing restrictions (i.e. minimum age, licensing). Low efficacy clusters of food laws appeared in two countries, high efficacy clusters of food laws were present in three countries. Any cluster (low, intermediate or high efficacy) of NCD laws that covered all three policy areas only appeared in three countries.
Discussion: No Research to date has captured NCD Laws as clusters with depth in a Cross-National Context. The GFAT Index advances understanding of the NCD Policy Landscape and Highlights need to introduce High Efficacy Clusters of Food Laws in developed and developing Countries.
Biography:
Dr. Sara E. Abiola Graduated from Harvard Universityʼs PhD Program in Health Policy, Harvard Law School and Yale College with a BA in Psychology and International Studies. Her Research Focuses on the Politics and Effects of Public Health Laws on Population Health with an Emphasis on Non-Communicable Diseases and Food Laws. She has Co-Authored Publications in the New England Journal of Medicine and Health Affairs and contributes to Public Health Conversations on NPR Radio and Vox. She continues to explore the Relationship between Law and Public Health through Projects Funded by the National Institutes of Health and the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation.
California State University, USA
Public Health is such a vital aspect in the society since it touches on the well-being of individuals and the society at large. Public Health entails the prevention of diseases, prolonging life as well as enhancing human health. This is made possible through structured efforts as well as better choices of individuals, institutions, communities and society at large. This piece of work will give a critical discussion of substance abuse and addiction among the youths, as a public health topic.
Research: Comprehensive research on peer-reviewed sources and articles will be carried out to come up with informed conclusions on the topic of discussion. Some of the areas that will be covered in the paper include the risk factors for substance abuse, the most commonly used drugs among the youths, the signs of teen substance abuse and prevention and treatment methods that could be implemented to deal with the problem. In addition, the reasons behind drug abuse among the youths and the negative physical, mental and social consequences and side effects of substance abuse will be discussed. Ways of seeking help for the teens involved as well as the rehabilitation programs available to aid in recovery for the addicts will also be examined in detail.
Results: The risk factors of substance abuse include early aggressive behavior, peer drug abuse and little parental supervision among others. The most commonly used drugs among the youths include marijuana, cocaine, opioids, ecstasy and inhalants. Some of the common signs of teen substance abuse include oversleeping, low self-esteem, declining academic performance, intense mood swings and traumatic personal experiences and withdrawing from family and friends. The reasons behind drug abuse among the youths include peer pressure, stress and to explore out of curiosity among others (Dickerson, Brown, Johnson, Schweigman & DʼAmico, 2016). Some of the consequences and side effects of substance abuse are headaches, anxiety, weight loss, insomnia and hallucinations among others.
Conclusion: Substance abuse is a major Public Health problem all over the globe. Also, the prevalence of substance abuse among young individuals is alarming and hence the need to look into the problem to come up with preventive and control mechanisms on the same. The issue of substance abuse and addiction does not only affect the individuals who use the substances but also their families and the wider society.
Biography:
Dr. Peterchris Okpala holds doctorate degree in Health Sciences with Concentration in Global Health at the A.T. Still University in August of 2010. The program prepared him well in the development of training programs as well as career and health oriented workshop and seminars. His doctorate research paper has been published in the Journal of Applied Medical Sciences. He has published other medical research papers/articles in the Journal of Applied Medical Sciences and International Journal of Health Research and Innovation. Moreover, his previous learning in his Mastersʼ degrees in Health Care Administration with concentration in leadership and Public Health with concentration in Environmental Health helped him gain an outstanding evaluation in various organizational and leadership trainings he facilitated and co-developed for undergraduate students and interns. Dr. Peterchris Okpala is a Professor of Health Sciences at California State University and a Founder & Chancellor of Charisma University
Background: Dimethylarginine aminodehydrolase (DDAH1) and alanine glyoxylate aminotransferase2 (AGXT2) are two enzymes that contribute in asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) and symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA) metabolism. Hence they affect production and bioavailability of eNOS-derived nitric oxide (NO) and consequently healthy blood vessels. The major aims of the current study were to investigate the association of genetic variants of AGXT2 rs37369, AGXT2 rs16899974 and DDAH1 rs997251 SNPs with incidence of coronary artery disease (CAD) in Egyptians and to correlate these variants with the serum levels of ADMA and SDMA.
Methods: The study included 150 subjects; 100 CAD patients and 50 healthy controls. Genotyping was performed by qPCR while the ADMA and SDMA concentrations were assayed by ELISA.
Results: Both serum ADMA and SDMA concentrations were significantly higher in CAD patients compared to controls (both p<0.0001). Genotype distributions for all studied SNPs were significantly different between CAD patients and controls. Carriers of AGXT2 rs37369-T allele (CT+TT genotypes) and AGXT2 rs16899974-A allele (CA+AA genotypes) had 2.4 and 2.08 fold higher risk of having CAD than CC genotype in both SNPs (p = 0.0050 and 0.0192, respectively). DDAH1 rs997251 TC+CC genotypes were associated with 2.3 fold higher risk of CAD than TT genotype (p= 0.0063). Moreover, the AGXT2 rs37369 TT and AGXT2 rs16899974 AA genotypes were associated with the highest serum ADMA and SDMA while DDAH1 rs997251 CC genotype was associated with the highest ADMA.
Conclusion: AGXT2 rs37369-T, AGXT2 rs16899974-A and DDAH1 rs997251-C alleles represent independent risk factors for CAD in the Egyptians.
Biography:
Sally Ibrahim Hassainein is earned bachelor degree in pharmacy from Pharmacy, Cairo University, 1998. Then she worked as a Teacher Assistant in Biochemistry Department at the Misr International University, Egypt. She earned masterʼs level 2005-2006 and PhD degree, genetic polymorphisms, 2007-2010, German University Cairo (GUC). A part of PhD practical part, she earned DAAD short term stay scholarship DAAD in 2008, short at the University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE) (German). Since 2011, present as a research fellow, Genetic polymorphisms in cardiovascular disease and vitamin D.
Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
“Plant milks” are water-based beverages extracts from cereals and pseudo-cereals. Plant milk consumption is rising in European and North American markets due to lactose allergies and intolerances, but also because of vegan diets and sensitivity to environmental issues. There is no specific regulation for these beverages, therefore their composition can vary considerably. The aim of this study is to characterize the main categories of cereal and pseudo-cereal milks on the market by studying the profile of 8 biogenic amines (histamine, serotonin, spermine, spermidine, putrescine, β-phenylethylamine, cadaverine, tyramine) by RP-HPLC/FD and the antioxidant content, using ABTS and DPPH assays. Biogenic amines (BAs) are ubiquitous compounds, produced by amino acids decarboxylation. Consumption of food containing high concentrations of BAs may however have serious toxic effects on the consumerʼs organism, as erythema, tachycardia, dyspnoea and hypotension or hypertension. In the analyzed samples, the total biogenic amines content ranged from 1.92 mg/L to 9.27 mg/L. The main biogenic amine found in the samples was histamine. The results show a low content of biogenic amines in all types of analyzed products.
The analysis of antioxidant capacity, via the scavenging of free radicals as DPPH and ABTS, was performed on the samples extract. Decrease in absorbance for DPPH was measured at 515 nm while for the ABTS at 734 nm, by UV-Vis spectrophotometer. In the samples, the inhibition rate (I%) for both tests is similar for all plant milks. The DPPH ranging from 77% to 99%, except for rice milk (I% = 40%), despite of the I% of ABTS ranged from 88% to 99%. The results show, that plant milks analyzed, have a good antioxidant content for each variety considered. The low biogenic amines content and the high antioxidant capacity ensure the quality and safety of cereal and pseudo-cereal milk samples.
Biography:
Lucia Maddaloni is a PhD candidate in Commodity Sciences at Management Department of Sapienza University of Rome. In 2016, she obtained a bachelorʼs degree and in 2018, a masterʼs degree in “Nutrition Science and Human Nutrition”. Both were obtained at University of Campus Bio-Medico of Rome. She works at the Commodity Science Laboratory and collaborates with the departmentʼs team, focused on the characterization of food commodities, their production process and their environmental, economic and social sustainability.
University of Veterinary Medicine, Hungary
The General Food Law (Regulation (EC) 178/2002, 1 GFL) sets the framework for EU legislation on food and feed and applies to all production stages. To date, European law is not conclusive on several issues regarding the use of novel protein sources in feed and food products. One of the major unclarities for feed applications is whether products with insects are considered animal-derived products or not. If so, it seems to be possible to put on the markets feed material using novel protein sources.
Studies on food safety of cultivated European insects are very limited and some normally safe insects may be unhealthy if they contain allergens or feed on plants originated from a polluted area. Entities breeding and converting insects into food should comply with Annex I and Annex II of Regulation (EC) 852/2004.
About 2% of 4000 varieties of algae can form neurotoxins and hepatotoxins that can accumulate in shellfish, crustaceans and fish. Regulation (EC) 767/2009 is valid for proteins deriving from algae and to date, no formal authorization and safety assessment is required. Out of the various novel protein sources which can be used for replacing current animal proteins in feed and food production, rapeseed is ready now for market introduction for food use. One of the limiting factors for the application of rapeseed proteins is that the content of phenolic acids is up to 30 times higher than in soybean or flaxseed. Application of modern processing technologies may lead to elimination of the majority of the antinutritive factors in rapeseed such as glucosinolates, phytates and tannates. Future research should focus on the effects of novel proteins having healthier characteristics in food and feed, as well as the degradation and accumulation of several substances during processing.
Keywords: alternative protein sources, food safety, legal background, unclarities, research trends.
Biography:
Eva Cenkvari completed her B.Sc. from Pannon University of Agricultural Sciences, Mosanmagyarovar, Hungary in the year 1986 and from University of Reading, Department of Agricultural Economics, Management and Marketing, Reading, United Kingdom in the year 1993. She completed her Ph.D from Pannon University of Agricultural Sciencs in the Department of Animal Nutrition, Mosonmagyarovar, Hungary and Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary in the year 1991 in Animal Nutrition and Feed Technology. She was a Senior Research Fellow in the Institute of Animal Breeding, Animal Nutrition and Laboratory Animal Sciences. She is the Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Szent Istvan University, Budapest, Hungary from 2000 — at present. She was also a Senior Research Fellow in the Department of Animal Nutrition in Pannon University of Agricultural Sciences, Mosonmagyarovar, Hungary in the year 1991-1998. And she was also a Research Fellow in the Department of Animal Nutrition in Pannon University of Agricultural Sciences, Mosonmagyarovar, Hungary in the year 1986-1991.
Coimbra Health School, Portugal
Introduction: Clenbuterol is a long-action adrenergic agonist that has several pharmacologic actions in humans. Clenbuterol in high doses can increase protein deposition and lipolysis similarly to anabolic steroids and is there by abused for bodybuilding and weight loss effects.
Aim: This systematic review aimed to summarize the existing scientific literature to understand the effects of clenbuterol on weight loss and muscle gain and consequently the possible side effects.
Methods: Literature review was conducted using the scientific data bases as Science Direct and Pubmed until April 2019, using search expressions “clenbuterol”, “side effects of clenbuterol”, “clenbuterol and weight loss” and “clenbuterol and bodybuilders”. The articles were select first by title and abstract and later it was made integral reading. Results/Discussion: From the analysis of the studies described was found that beta-3 receptors are found on adipocytes and agonism has been shown to encourage lipolysis. Clenbuterol causes lipolysis and is noted to be a nutrient patitioning agente in skeletal muscle fiber, leading to increased muscle deposition.
Conclusion: Clenbuterol toxicity is clinically similar to toxicity from other beta adrenergic agonists and may result in nausea, vomiting, palpitions, thachycardia, hypotension, hyperglycemia, hypokalemia and a metabolic acidosis with increased lactate concentration. In addition, clenbuterol toxicity may be life threatening.
Biography:
Ana Lúcia Baltazar is a Professor in Coimbra Health School/IPC for the graduated course of “Dietetic and Nutrition”. She is a PhD candidate in “Ciencias de l´alimentacíon”, University of Valencia, Spain with certifications in various pos-graduated studies, Food Safety - HACCP auditor and a Master in Occupational Safety. A dedicated and qualified Nutritionist, with more than ten years of experience, a strong technical background, proven in management skills and an “agent for change”. Exceptional experience in monitoring progressive nutrition and food science status and providing training, knowledge of food safety requirements and quality standards in the food sector.
1Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Italy
2Department of Medical and Surgical Science and Neuroscience, University of Siena, Italy
3Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland
4Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Lublin, Poland
Serotonin an important neurotransmitter in the SNC and SNP has been implicated in numerous physiological and physiopathological processes. Serotonin receptors may be involved in the regulation of impulsivity and alcoholism in the different phases of sleep, sexual behavior, appetite control, thermoregulation, cardiovascular function and recently it has been found to show growth-promoting activity and to be functionally related to oncogenes. One of the most studied chemical classes already known for their high affinity toward these receptors is the long-chain aryl piperazines (LCAPs). In continuation of our research program, we designed a new set of derivatives where the piperazine-N-alkyl moiety has been linked to an isonicotinic or picolinic fragment as terminal part of LCAPs. The isonicotinic or picolinic scaffold was linked via two and three methylene spacing units to the N-4-aryl-substituted piperazines obtaining a complete structure-affinity and structure-selectivity relationship study. The multireceptor profile of new isonicotinic and picolinic derivatives towards 5-HT1A, 5-HT2A and 5-HT2C receptors were also evaluated in binding assays for dopaminergic and adrenergic receptors. We have disclosed interesting compounds as 5-HT1A, 5-HT2A and mixed 5-HT1A/5-HT2C ligands. Compounds showing better affinity and selectivity binding profile towards 5-HT2A receptors have been tested on rat ileus disclosing an inhibitory effect on serotonin-inducted contraction. These assays have allowed to verify the role that serotonin receptors can have in the gastrointestinal tract with a potential therapeutic profile as spasmolytic agents. Finally, derivatives with a better affinity/selectivity profile towards 5-HT1A have been evaluated by In vivo assay, to determine their functional activity.
Biography:
Dr. Magli graduated summa cum laude in Pharmacy at the University of Naples Federico II discussing a thesis entitled “Synthesis and pharmacological evaluation of Nʼ-cyanoisonicotinamidinic derivatives as serotoninergic ligands”. She earned her PhD on serotoninergic ligands synthesis and evaluation of their antitumor activity in 2011. From 2015 she held the position of researcher in Medicinal Chemistry at the University of Naples Federico II. Her research activity is addressed to the design, synthesis and characterization of small molecules active on different pharmacological targets with particular attention to Serotoninergic system.
1Escola Superior De Communicacao Social, Portugal
2Escola Superior de Tecnologias de Saúde de Lisboa, Portugal
Nutrition mobile applications (apps) are becoming increasingly popular for a wide range of users. Their accessibility and availability every time and anywhere has turned them into a source of information with a potentially relevant role in nutritional choices and decisions. Despite a growing number of studies on attitudes, perceptions and behaviors related to nutrition apps, the literature is still scarce and provides an atomist and fragmented view on these subjects. In addition, most studies focus on the characteristics of nutrition apps and their effectiveness among adolescents and adults, either that present pathologies that require nutritional care or that simply for weight maintenance and management but the dietitianʼs perspective remains under researched.
In this exploratory study, in-depth semi-structured interviews with dietitianʼs were employed to understand their motives for using nutrition apps, their level of engagement and perception on this specific type of apps, as well as apps role on the dietitianpatient exchange processes. After interviews were transcript, a successive and recursive process of data categorization was employed, attending to the identified units of analysis, in order to aggregate and appropriately express the emerging themes of the phenomenon under scrutiny.
The results suggest that there are a number of reasons for the use of nutrition apps by these professionals, mainly related to utilitarian motives. Their need for actualization and interest in technology also appear to have a motivational role. Their level of engagement varies attending to their evaluation of each app adequacy, range of functionalities and its ability for providing solutions for solving their daily clinical problems or questions. This research also identified different roles of the nutrition apps on the dietitian-patient exchange processes. The implications of these results are discussed in the context of the clinical practice.
Biography:
Sandra Miranda completed her PhD in Social Communication, Master degree in Human Resource Management and Bachelor degree in Sociology. She is an Associate Dean and Lecturer in School of Communication and Media Studies (Lisbon) Portugal. Her Research Fields are Organizational Behavior and Consumer Behavior.
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