Nanomaterials for High Performance Supercapacitor

Jae-Jin Shim^*, Sumanta Sahoo, Vijayakumar Subbukalai, Thi Toan Nguyen and Iftikhar Hussain

Yeungnam University, Korea

For the steady supply of renewable energy such as solar energy and wind energy, energy storage and distribution system is necessary. To establish an energy storage system, large capacity supercapacitors together with secondary batteries are essential. Supercapacitors has been developed for the last 20 years, however, intensive research have been focused last 5 years. Numerous researchers are trying to develop high performance supercapacitor electrode materials. Graphene was employed to use its excellent electrical conductivity and large surface area. As the EDLC type supercapacitors showed limitations in energy density, materials with psedudocapacitance such as metal sulfide or oxide have been investigated for supercapacitor electrodes. Composites of graphene-based metal sulfides (or oxides) have been synthesized for improving the supercapacitor performance. Recently, three dimensional electrode structure has been getting tremendous attention as it provide a large surface area and large pores that enables electrolytes and charges penetrates freely. In this study, we will introduce the new electrode materials and their fabrications to supercapacitor devices.

Biography:
Jae-Jin Shim received his B.S. in Chemical Engineering from Seoul National University in 1980, M.S. in Chemical Engineering from Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) in 1982, and Ph.D. in Chemical Engineering from the University of Texas at Austin in 1990. He is a professor in the School of Chemical Engineering at Yeungnam University, Korea. He served as the President of Korean Society of Clean Technology (KSCT) and the editor of JKSCT and KJChE. His current research focuses on graphene-based nano materials for energy storage (supercapacitor), sensor, and photocatalysis using clean solvents (supercritical fluids, ionic liquids, and water).

From Cell Cities to Naked Apes to String Controlled Mass-Social Humans: T-Patterns and Self-Similarity over Nine Orders of Magnitude of Time and Space

Magnus S. Magnusson

University of Iceland, Iceland

In 1973 Konrad Lorenz, Niko Tinbergen and K. von Frisch won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, the first for work in Ethology, the Biology of Behavior. Lorenz and Tinbergen mostly for their studies of the behavior of birds, fish and humans, and there was also much interest in the communicative behavior patterns, in their mass societies, of the tiny bees discovered by von Frisch. Development was needed of more adequate ethological computational methods and tools for the discovery of interaction patterns in humans, initially mostly in children. In 1975, E. O. Wilsonʼs famous book Sociobiology turned the attention further to similarities between mass-social phenomena in humans and insects, generally the smallest creatures yet studied within the biology of behavior. But none of these creatures or their societies were parts of the others and there was no talk of self-similarity.

It was in this context that the recurrent scale independent hierarchical self-similar T-pattern and related structural types, together called T-system, were developed together with detection algorithms implemented in the THEME^TM software (Magnusson, 1981-2017; see hbl.hi.is) resulting in abundant detection of complex repeated interaction T-patterns in animals and humans and within neuronal networks in living brains (Nicol, Second-Pichon, and Magnusson, 2015).

The nano-world was still mostly out of reach and thus the behavior of proteins within biological cells, now sometimes called “cell cities” or more logically, protein mass-societies, existing billions of years before the appearance in a biological eye-blink of the human and only large-brain mass-societies with strong analogies regarding organization and control to protein cities, aspects absent in other animal mass-societies.

Abundant T-patterning in DNA and proteins has now been realized (Magnusson, 2005, 2016, 2017) and T-pattern based self-similarities can be seen between behavior and social structures from nano to human scales that may greatly influence the view of behavior and interactions in human mass-societies and possibly lead to a nano scale biology of behavior.

Biography:
Magnus S. Magnusson, PHD, Research Professor, created the T-pattern model with detection algorithms (THEMETM, PatternVision). Co-directed a twoyear DNA analysis project. Numerous papers and invited talks and keynotes at conferences within ethology, mathematical sciences, neuroscience, bioinformatics, proteomics, mass spectroscopy and at leading universities in Europe, Japan and the US. Deputy Director 1983-1988 in the Museum of Mankind, National Museum of Natural History, Paris. 1988 to 1993 invited Professor at the University of Paris (V, VIII & XIII) in Psychology and Ethology (biology of behavior). Since 1991 founder and director of the Human Behavior Laboratory, University of Iceland, leading member of a formalized network of 32 universities based on “Magnussonʼs analytical model” initiated at the University of Paris V, Sorbonne, Paris, in 1995.

Nanofabrication by Nanoimprint and Electron Beam Lithography and Applications

Bo Cui

University of Waterloo, Canada

E-beam lithography (EBL) and nanoimprint lithography (NIL) are two most popular nanolithography techniques. EBL is based on material (called resist) property modification by its exposure to focused electron beam; whereas NIL relies on the mechanical conformation of a low viscosity resist to the structures of a mold. In the talk, I will first present EBL resist with a focus of polystyrene that can achieve ultra-high sensitivity or ultra-high resolution; and more importantly, it can be evaporated in order to pattern any non-flat or irregular surface such as an AFM cantilever or an optical fiber. I will also present our study using grafted mono-layer brush as e-beam resist for nanofabrication on irregular surfaces. I will then present our work on NIL using hard/soft bi-layer mold that have great advantages over conventional silicon mold.

Next, I will cover a few applications of nanostructures fabricated by NIL and EBL, notably metallic nanostructures for plasmonic applications. Lastly I will present the fabrication of high resolution probe for atomic force microscope (AFM), and hollow micro-needle arrays for point-of-care diagnostic applications.

Biography:
Dr. Bo Cui (崔波) received his BS in physics from Peking University (China) in 1994. After two years of graduate study in the same department, he moved to the University of Minnesota, then to Princeton University in 1998, where he earned his Masterʼs degree in 2000 and PhD in 2003 from the Nanostructure Laboratory, Department of Electrical Engineering. After completing his PhD, he joined the National Research Council of Canada in 2003 as a staff scientist. In 2008 Dr. Bo Cui joined the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Waterloo (Canada) as an Assistant Professor, and he was promoted to tenured associate professor in 2015. He currently leads the Waterloo Nanofabrication Group with 11 graduate students and three postdocs. His research focuses on the development of nanofabrication technologies and applications. He is the recipient of the Dobbin Scholarship in 2011. He is the author for 100 journal publications, five patents, three book chapters, and he also edited one book titled “Recent advances in nanofabrication techniques and applications”. He won the Engineering Research Excellence Award in 2014. He is the Associate Editor for Nanoscale Research Letters.