The Pharmaceutical research Institute, ACPHS, USA
Over the past few years, evidence from the scientific and medical communities has demonstrated that nanotechnology and nanomedicine have tremendous potential to profoundly impact numerous aspects of cancer and other disorders in term of early diagnosis and targeted therapy. The utilization of nanotechnology for the development of new nano-carrier systems has the potential to offer improved chemotherapeutic delivery through increased solubility and sustained retention. One of the major advantages of this cutting edge technology is its unique multifunctional characteristics. Targeted delivery of drug incorporated nanoparticles, through conjugation of tumor-specific cell surface markers, such as tumor-specific antibodies or ligands, which can enhance the efficacy of the anticancer drug and reduce the side effects. Additionally, multifunctional characteristics of the nano-carrier system would allow for simultaneous imaging of tumor mass, targeted drug delivery and monitoring (Theranostics). A summary of recent progress in nanotechnology as it relates specifically to nanoparticles and anticancer drug delivery will be reviewed. Nano Nutraceuticals using combination of various natural products provide a great potential in diseases prevention. Additionally, various Nanomedicine approaches for the detection and treatment of various types of organ specific delivery, vascular targeting, and vaccine will be briefly discussed.
Learning Objectives:
Highlight the Role of Nanobiotechnology and other enabling technologies in the followings:
1. Nano synthesis and assembly of various platforms for Targeted Delivery
2. Improved PK and PD
3. Early detection (Imaging)
4. Nanobiotechnology in shortening the time and risk of Drug Discovery and Development
Biography:
Dr. Mousa finished PhD from Ohio State University, College of Medicine, Columbus, OH and Post-doctoral Fellowship, University of Kentucky, Lexington KY. He also received his MBA from Widener University, Chester, PA. Dr. Mousa is currently an endowed tenure Professor and Executive Vice President and Chairman of the Pharmaceutical Research Institute and Vice Provost for Research at ACPHS. Prior to his academic career, Dr. Mousa was a senior Scientist and fellow at The DuPont Pharmaceutical Company for 17 years where he contributed to the discovery and development of several FDA approved and globally marketed diagnostics and Therapeutics.
He holds over 350 US and International Patents discovering novel anti-angiogenesis strategies, antithrombotics, anti-integrins, anti-cancer, and non-invasive diagnostic imaging approaches employing various Nanotechnology platforms. His has published more than 1,000 journal articles, book chapters, published patents, and books as editor and author. He is a member of several NIH study sections, and the editorial board of several high impact Journals. His research has focused on diagnostics and therapeutics of angiogenesis-related disorders, thrombosis, vascular and cardiovascular diseases.
1National Institute of Applied Science and Technology, Tunisia
2Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Spain
The monitoring of the environment requires devices that must be fast, sensitive, stable and selective to detect the pollutants and toxic gases/ vapors in a simple and efficient way. The chemical modification of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) with a long chain mercapto-acid is reported to improve the sensitivity and the response time of gas sensors for detecting alcohols, acetone and toxic gases such as DMMP and DMF. We developed sensors employing MWCNTs decorated with gold nanoparticles and modified with 16-mercaptohexadecanoic acid (MHDA) monolayer. Morphological and compositional analysis by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Fourier Transform Infra-red Spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy were performed to characterize the gold nanoparticles and to check the bonding of the thiol monolayer. The detection of aromatic and non-aromatic volatiles and DMMP and DMF vapors by MWCNT/Au and MWCNT/Au/MHDA shows that the presence of the selfassembled layer increases sensitivity, selectivity and ameliorates response dynamics of the sensors.
Biography:
Prof. Dr. A. Abdelghani is a Full Professor at the National Institute of Applied Science and Technology (INSAT, Tunisia). He obtained the Habilitation in Physics in Tunisia (faculty of Science of Tunis) in 2004 and a Habilitation (worldwide recognition for conducting and leading research) in "Sciences pour lʼIngénieur" in 2009 at the Ecole Normale Supérieur de Cachan (France). He is now the leader and principal investigator of a research group working mainly on gas sensors based on functionalized carbon nanotubes (metallic oxides, nanowires, nanoneedles, polymers) and on the development of interdigitated gold microelectrodes integrated in microfluidic cell for bacteria analysis in biologic medium. He published more than 90 papers in International Journals (H-index 25, December 2016) and supervised more than 12 Ph.D theses and 30 masterʼs student. He is deeply involved in industrial applications in his field of research with implications for the design and the development of affordable and cost-effective sensing devices for diagnostics and theranostics which will have an effective impact in the developing countries. He received the Tunisian President Award of the “best scientific researcher” in Tunisia in 22 July 2015.
Neurotoxicology Laboratory, American University in Cairo, Egypt
Nanotechnology promises to revolutionize a wide variety of industries and provide innovative ways to improve human and environmental well-being, including diagnosis and treatment of diseases, whether cardiovascular, neurodegenerative (ND), or oncological conditions, as well as mitigate ecological impact of human activity. However, what is often ignored is the flip-side of this nano-revolution, the safety profile of many engineered nanomaterials(NM), including those with potential for therapeutic use. The Janus nature of nanotechnology and scope of its impact need to be addressed in order to provide a sound basis for use and avoid potential toxicity. The issues to be addressed in this context include occupational exposure, the environmental kinetics and dynamics, NM behavior during the intended use of products that incorporate NM and the handling of these products at the end of their projected life-span. To date, little or no consensus has been given to the evaluation of NM and the cross-talk that needs to take place between stakeholders, including those in the field of nanomedicine and where many applications are potentially forthcoming. Toxicologically, NM have redefined many cornerstone principles of the field, where it is no longer simply dose, but the physico-chemical properties (shape, charge, agglomeration), inclusive of size, that may define the toxicity level. This is relevant when we consider that lethality no longer defines toxicity, but rather the adverse effect occurring at the genomic, genetic, biochemical, physiological or morphological level that may lead to acute or chronic impairment of function. In that context, NM have been demonstrated to precipitate oxidative stress, immune activation, autoimmune responses (AI), act as haptens, accumulate in the nervous system, and induce cardiovascular lesions. Interestingly, some of these same activities make them desirable therapeutically for targeted drug delivery in cancer and ND. By way of demonstration, this lecture draws on our own interests in ND and AI and our experiences in therapeutics, where NM formulations may improve efficacy and reduce toxicity, and in the environmental toxicology where NM may precipitate toxicities not previously described with bulk materials. This talk highlights the scope of safety challenges associated with NM, the promising advances in the use of NM in improving the treatment of diverse diseases, and calls for an implementation science approach for ensuring safety of NM. It is intended for both those conversant with bionanotechnology and those new to the field.
Biography:
Hassan A. N. El-Fawal is Professor of Neuroscience, Toxicology and Pharmacology and Dean of the School of Sciences and Engineering at the American University in Cairo (AUC). Prior to joining AUC in 2016, he was Professor of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Dean of the School of Health Sciences at Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences in New York. He was previously Assistant Chair and Chair of Natural Sciences and Professor of Health Sciences at Mercy College from 1997 to 2009. The focus of his research is diagnostic and prognostic neuro immune biomarkers for neuro degeneration, neurotoxicity and the evaluation of therapeutics, as well as cardiopulmonary disease. He earned a B. Sc. from Alexandria University, Egypt in 1979, and M.Sc. from the University of Guelph in Canada. His Ph.D. in Biomedical and Environmental Sciences, was earned at Virginia Tech in 1989. From 1989 to 1997 he worked as Research Assistant Professor at NYU School of Medicineʼs Institute of Environmental Medicine.
University of Iceland, Iceland
The research presented here began in the seventies in Ethology, the biology of behavior, focusing on animal and human interactions and led to the development of a particular kind of statistical repeated hierarchical self-similar multi-variate (fractal) patterns on a single dimension, called T-Patterns, with corresponding T-pattern detection and Analysis (TPA) Windows software called THEMETM (PatternVision Ltd). T-ptterns have since been detected in many different kinds of animal and human behavior and interactions (see Casarrubea et al, 2015, comprehensive review, J. Neuroscience Methods; Anolli et al eds. 2005, IOS Press; Magnusson et al eds. 2016, Springer). In a fractal universe, self-similarity may be expected anywhere and a search for T-patterns in the firing of neurons in close proximity in the olfactory bulb of rat brains, registered using implanted electronic chips, resulted in the detection of numerous complex multi-neuron T-patterns with highly significant statistical validations and external validation through strong correlations with breathing and physiological state (Nicol et al, 2015, J. Neuroscience Methods). The structure of T-patterns, moreover, turns out to have striking similarities with DNA patterns such as genes and with proteins and TPA of such data is ongoing with the Theme software. The T-pattern and the specially developed algorithms are described and illustrative results are presented. The possible existence of T-patterns as well in the time domain of molecular processes is discussed as well as some functional analogies between T-patterns in human behavior within human societies and DNA and protein T-patterns in biological cells or Cell City.
Biography:
Magnus S Magnusson, PHD, Research Professor, created the T-pattern model with detection algorithms (THEMETM, PatternVision). Co-directed a two-year DNA analysis project. Numerous papers and invited talks and keynotes at conferences within ethology, mathematical sciences, neuroscience, bioinformatics, proteomics, mass spectroscopy and at leading universities in Europe, Japan and the US. Deputy Director 1983-1988 in the National Museum of Natural History, Paris and 1988 to 1993 invited Professor at the University of Paris (V, VIII & XIII) in Psychology and Ethology (biology of behavior). Since 1991 founder and director of the Human Behavior Laboratory, University of Iceland, leading member of a formalized network of 24 universities based on “Magnussonʼs analytical model” initiated at the University of Paris V, Sorbonne, Paris, in 1995.
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