Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, USA
Fibrillar nanocarbon presents many appealing characteristics as a component for designing drug delivery platforms. Differential degrees of accretion and clearance from critical tissues directly correlate with the chemical and physical modifications of fibrillar nanocarbon. The liver is an organ in which most particulate drugs accumulate and therefore of critical importance in regard to understanding nanocarbon pharmacology and toxicity. While the pharmacokinetic profile of nanocarbon has been described down to the organ level, there has been little data reported beyond that point. Here we provide a complete account of hepatic cytodistribution, receptor-mediated endocytosis, cellular trafficking, and biliary elimination of covalently functionalized single walled carbon nanotubes. This soluble nanomaterial localized in the liver sinusoids, and unexpectedly, specifically in the discontinuous sinusoidal endothelial cell population. Interestingly, there was little to no accumulation in hepatocytes, Kupffer cells, bile duct epithelium, or the continuous vascular endothelial lining. The accumulation by these sinusoidal cells was mediated by a pair of specialized scavenger receptors. Other tissues that express these same receptors were also found to accumulate nanotubes. A fraction of the nanocarbon that was not endocytosed by the hepatic sinusoidal scavenger cells was found in the bile destined for hepatobiliary elimination. This surprising cytodistribution profile and biliary mode of clearance, in conjunction with the rapid renal elimination via glomerular filtration that we showed previously, suggested that drug-based applications of fibrillar nanocarbon will be feasible in humans.
Biography:
Michael R. McDevitt, Ph.D. is an Associate Attending in the Department of Radiology at Memorial Hospital, an Associate Laboratory Member in the Sloan-Kettering Institute, and an Assistant Professor in the Department of Medicine at Weill Cornell Medical College. He specializes in the development of targeted drug therapies. He has developed clinical radioimmunotherapeutic drugs that combine antibodies and radionuclides for cancer therapeutic and diagnostic applications. Several of these drugs have reached human clinical trials, including the first targeted alpha particle therapies and alpha particle emitting radionuclide generators. For the past decade he has been investigating the pharmacology of fibrillar nanocarbon. After receiving his Ph.D. degree in Chemistry from Case Western Reserve University in 1985, Dr. McDevitt worked in biotechnology and joined MSKCC in 1995. He is also a member of Memorial Sloan-Ketteringʼs Brain Tumor Center and Center for Molecular Imaging & Nanotechnology. Dr. McDevitt has published 75 papers, reviews, or chapters in these fields.
1Biomaterials & Tissue Engineering Division, Dept. of Endodontics, University of Maryland Dental School, USA
2State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China College of Stomatology, Sichuan University, China
3Dept. of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, China
4Paffenbarger Research Center, American Dental Association Foundation, National Institute of Standards & Technology, USA
5Biomaterials Group, Polymers Division, National Institute of Standards & Technology, USA
6Center for Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, USA
7Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, USA
8Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland, USA
The global epidemic of tooth decay affects more than 90% of the worldʼs population. Tooth decay so called dental caries is a multifactorial disease in which the fermentation of sugars from daily diet by dental plaque leads to localised demineralisation of tooth surfaces, which may ultimately result in cavity formation. Dental caries at the margins of restorations has been the main reason for restoration failure. The replacement of the failed restorations accounts for 50-70% of all tooth cavity restorations performed. The development of recurrent caries at the tooth-restoration margins is a primary reason for composite restoration failures. Dental restorative materials such as composites, glass ionomer cements, and adhesive systems are being widely used; however, they still have several drawbacks. These dental materials are in contact with tooth and can be the ideal vehicle for delivering anticaries agents. Nanotechnology has been applied to develop the next generation of dental restorative materials with desirable bioactive proprieties, to not only replace the missing tooth volume, but also exert therapeutic effects to combat caries. Nanoparticles of silver (NAg) and nanoparticles of amorphous calcium phosphate (NACP) were introduced into restorative materials to achieve antimicrobial and remineralizing properties, respectivatety. Another strategy to combat caries lesions around restorations is the incorporation of antibacterial monomers in the dental material composition. The antibacterial, remineralizing and mechanical properties of these new materials indicate that novel nano-sized agents can fight bacteria and reduce the demineralization in restored tooth cavities. This lecture summarizes the ongoing advances expresssed by a set of studies from our research groupconsidering mechanical properties, antibacterial activity and biocompatibility of emerging functionalized nanoparticles as strategies for addressing dental restorative challenges. This includes new nanomaterials with potent antibacterial activity as well as remineralization capability, the combination of several bioactive agents together in resin for effective caries inhibition, and their promising in vitro properties and in vivo performance.
Biography:
Dr. Mary Anne Melo is an assistant professor at the Operative Dentistry Division/Department of Endodontics, Prosthodontics and Operative Dentistry at University of Maryland School of Dentistry. Dr. Meloʼs research focuses on interactions between oral biofilms and dental biomaterials with an emphasis on developing novel strategies to reduce the initiation and progression of dental caries adjacent to existing restorations (recurrent caries). Her work involves studies for development of novel dental and bioactive materials that have functionalities for caries-inhibiting, antibacterial, or remineralization. These materials include dental composites, nanocomposites, sealants, bonding agents, cements, etc. Dr. Melo is a current member of the Academy of Operative Dentistry; the International Association for Dental Research; the Society for Color and Appearance in Dentistry, and American Academy of Cosmetic Dentistry. Dr. Melo has published over 40 research articles and serves as reviewer for several journals in Dentistry, Medicine and Biomaterials.
Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Japan
Protecting-group-free synthesis has received significant recent research interest in the context of ideal synthesis and green sustainable chemistry. In general, organolithium species react with electrophilic functional groups very rapidly, and therefore such functional groups should be protected before an organolithium reaction, if they are not involved in the desired transformation. If organolithium chemistry could be free from such a limitation, its power would be greatly enhanced. A flow reactor enables such protecting-group-free organolithium reactions by choosing the appropriate residence time and the reaction temperature. Organolithium species bearing alkoxycarbonyl, nitro, and ketone carbonyl groups can be generated and reacted with various electrophiles using a flow system. In addition, asymmetric carbolithiation of conjugate enynes can be also achieved without the epimerization of a configurationally unstable chiral organolithium intermediate based on precise control of the residence time using a flow microreactor.
In this presentation, we report that a flow system enables the generation of various unstable organolithium compounds.
Biography:
Dr. Aiichiro Nagaki, now is a junior associate professor of department of synthetic chemistry and biological chemistry, graduate school of engineering, kyoto university. Aiichiro Nagaki graduated from Doshisha University in 2000. He received his PhD in 2005 from Kyoto University under the supervision of Professor Junichi Yoshida. He worked with Professor Hiroaki Suga, Tokyo University, from 2005 as a postdoctoral fellow. In 2006, he became an assistant professor of Kyoto University. He was promoted to a senior lecturer in 2013. His current research interests are organic synthesis and microreactor synthesis. Awards: Takeda Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. Award in Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Japan (2012), Incentive Award in Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Japan (2012), and Young Innovator Award on Chemistry, Micro-Nano Systems (2013), ESPEC Prize for the Encouragement of Environmental Studies (2013), and Flow Chemistry India 2014 Distinguished Presentation Award (2014).
IBM Semiconductor R & D Center, USA
Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, USA
Power dissipation is one of the most challenging factors for continued semiconductor transistor scaling in the evolution of integrated circuits. The heat generation due to large power dissipation density restricts the device scaling in integrated circuits (ICs). To circumvent this power crisis in ICs, it requires exploring new materials/device structures and operating principles. The goal is to design transistor switch in a way that the device dissipates less power during logic operation than conventional FETs, BJTs. To meet this requirement, it has been suggested to reduce the conventional subthreshold slope (SS) limit below 60 mV/decade at room temperature. Here, we propose a novel transistor switch that exploits electrostriction and piezoelectricity in piezoelectric/electrostrictive active gate barriers of transistors. Using the smart materials as the barriers of parallel-plate capacitor, we first analytically showed how one can obtain positive and negative differential capacitance in piezoelectric capacitor based on the physics of Gaussʼ electrostatics and electrostriction. Furthermore, by using this piezoelectric capacitor in the gate capacitor of a transistor, we also showed, by exploiting negative barrier capacitance, how one can achieve an ON-current boost, a higher transconductance/gain, and a steep subthreshold switching (SS < 60 mV/decade) in transistors. Finally experimental results for C-Vs, I-Vs ofcapacitors and transistors with steep SS ~ 46 mV/decade, and ION/IOFF ~ 109 using MBE-grown III-nitride piezoelectric heterostructures such as In0.17Al0.83N/AlN/GaN HEMTs with piezoelectric barrier layer thickness of ~2.5 nm and 5 nm will be presented and discussed. In conclusion, this proposed novel devices have potential applications in energy-efficient, high-performance, digital and RF nanoelectronics.
Biography:
Dr. Raj K Jana is an Advisory Engineer of advanced nanoscale CMOS device division at IBM Semiconductor Research & Development Center, NY, USA, and Research Associate in Electrical Engineering Department at University of Notre Dame, IN, USA. He received his B.E. degree in Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering from Bengal Engineering and Science University, India, and Ph.D. in Electrical Engineering, at University of Notre Dame, 2015. Prior to Ph.D. program, from 2008 to 2009, he was with STMicroelectronics, India, where he worked on System-on-Chip design, validation based on 45-nm CMOS technology node. From 2006 to 2008, he was with the Samtel R&D Center, India, where he worked as a design engineer on the development of efficient electronic driving systems in plasma display technology. His research interests include the device physics, carrier transport, the development of novel high-performance energy-efficient electronic devices (capacitors, transistors) using III-V nitride semiconductors, and 2D materials for energy-efficient applications.
1Laboratoire des Sciences Analytiques UMR CNRS 5280, Université Claude Bernard-Lyon 1, France
2Laboratoire de Physique des Matériaux Lamellaires et Nano-Matériaux Hybrides (PMLNMH), Université de Carthage, Tunisie
3Irstea, MALY, France
The present work introduces new biohybrid materials involving layered double hydroxides (LDH) and biomolecule such as enzyme to produce bioinorganic system. Lactate dehydrogenase (Lac Deh) has been chosen as a model enzyme, being immobilized onto MgAl and ZnAl LDH materials via direct ion-exchange (adsorption) and co-precipitation methods. The immobilization efficiency was largely dependent upon the immobilization methods. A comparative study shows that the co-precipitation method favors the immobilization of great and tunable amount of enzyme. The structural behavior, chemical bonding composition and morphology of the resulting biohybrids were determined by X-ray diffraction (XRD) study, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), respectively. The free and immobilized enzyme activity and kinetic parameters were also reported using UV-Visible spectroscopy. However, the modified LDH materials showed a decrease in crystallinity as compared to the unmodified LDH. The change in activity of the immobilized lactate dehydrogenase was considered to be due, to the reduced accessibility of substrate molecules to the active sites of the enzyme and the partial conformational change of the Lac Deh molecules as a result of the immobilization way. Finally, it was proven that there is a correlation between structure/microstructure and enzyme activity dependent on the immobilization process.
Keywords: Bioinorganic system, Layered Double Hydroxide (LDH), Lactate Dehydrogenase (Lac Deh), Enzyme immobilization, Catalytic activity.
Biography:
Mohamed Amine Djebbi is currently a third year PhD student working under the supervision of Doctor-engineer Philippe Namour at the University of Claude Bernard Lyon 1 Institute of Analytical Science. Prior to beginning the PhD program, Mohamed received his master degree from the University of Carthage Faculty of Science of Bizerte in 2013. He currently working on the thesis entitled “Hybrid and Biohybrid Layered Double Hydroxide: Electrochemical Applications”. His research is focused particularly on the use of hybrid and biohybrid LDH materials in biosensor and biofuel cell.
1Department of Chemistry Education, Seoul National University, Korea
2Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University, Korea
3School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Korea
Endoscopic imaging techniques have been extensively used to diagnose and treat cancerssuch asesophageal, gastric, and colorectal cancersowing to their high accessibility to proximal surface of suspicious lesion with minimal invasive or non-invasive manner. However, by solely using a conventional white-light endoscopy, it is difficult to diagnose a specific cancer at an early stage and to differentiate stage of cancer, because it can only distinguish visually observable morphological changes. Thus, to accurately diagnose a specific cancer based on the pathological condition of suspiciouslesion at the molecular level, biopsy and histopathological examination of suspicious lesion are essentially required.
Recently, to improve the accuracy and reliability of endoscopic diagnosis by using the histopathological molecular information of suspicious lesion, additional functionalities such as fluorescence and Raman spectroscopy involving exogenous targeting agents have been combinedwith conventional endoscopy. The fluorescence endoscopic imaging techniques with fluorescently labeled molecular contrast agents can visualize a biotarget associated with a specific cancer that enhance differentiation between tumor and adjacent benign tissues. The Raman endoscopic techniques using surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) nanoprobe as tumor targeting agents can simultaneously detect the multiple molecular biotargets with high sensitivity to identify the pathological condition of suspicious lesion for molecular diagnosis because of its narrow spectral band width (<1 nm) and single excitation source for multiple analytes.
Here, we developed a real-time fluorescence-Raman endomicroscopic system (FRES) with fluorescence-SERS active nanoprobes (F-SERS dots) having a targeting ligand with the following strategies for in vivo endoscopic molecular diagnostics: simultaneous detection of dual modalities (fluorescence and SERS signals) for real-time fluorescence molecular imaging of bio-targets and identification of multiple bio-targets by SERS spectra, and direct topical administration of F-SERS dots as tumor-targeting agents via direct spraying method to reduce the potential toxicity of nanoprobes caused by accumulating in the internal organs. To demonstrate the feasibility of the FRES as an in vivo endoscopic molecular diagnostic tool, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) on the breast cancer orthotopic xenograft tumor models in mice were successfully identified in a multiplexed way. Based on these results, we can believe that the FRES has asignificant potential as a clinical molecular diagnostic tool which enable us to characterize the tumor receptors in real-time at the molecular level during the routine endoscopic procedures.
Biography:
Sinyoung Jeong is a Ph.D. student at Department of Chemistry Education, Seoul National University, Koreaunder the supervision of Prof. Dae Hong Jeong. He is mainly studying Raman spectroscopy forbio-application. His current research is focused on developing Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering-based in vivo and in vitro multi-modal bio-imaging system for multiplexed molecular diagnosis involving endoscopy and microscopy, in conjugation with multifunctional optical nano material shaving specific targeting moiety. He has published 15 first-authored and co-authored peerreviewed papers in the major journals including Advanced Functional Materials, Scientific Reports, and ACS Applied Materials. He received B.S. (2010) and M.S. (2012) from Department of Chemistry Education at Seoul National University.
1California State Polytechnic University, Pomona, USA
2California State University, Fullerton, USA
There are several techniques currently used for water organic contaminants removal, including Activated Carbon Adsorption, Chlorination, UV Photolysis, Ozonation, and Ferrate Oxidation. Although these techniques are useful in treating contaminated water, they have limitations in terms of removal completion, efficiency, rates, and operational costs. In addition, the methods for identification and quantification of both organic contaminants and the reaction products in water treatment are not well developed. We developed the method of combining the nanotechnology and the tandem water contaminants detection apparatus, namely Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy-Attenuated total reflectance (FTIR-ATR) and UV/Vis spectroscopy. This will allow efficient, low cost removal of organic contaminants from water, with the removal process being constantly monitored for both contaminants and products. Our research consists of coating nanoparticles (graphite oxide) along with nano-inorganic materials (CdS) on a surface for photocatalysis of water contaminants under radiation of visible light. Rhodamine B has been used as a water contaminant surrogate to test our nano-technical treatment methods. Our preliminary results indicate that Rhodamine B in water undergoes photocatalysis with visible light in the presence of nano materials accordingly to the observation that the color of the sample solution was changed from red to green-yellow after the photocatalysis. The degradation rate and products of Rhodamine B photocatalysis in water will be discussed.
Biography:
Dr. Zhuangjie Li obtained his Ph.D. in Physical Chemistry with primary focus on atmospheric chemistry at Wayne State University (Detroit, Michigan) in December 1991. Since then, he has contributed extensively on experimental kinetics of chemical reactions relevant to the atmosphere, first at Wayne State and then at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (Pasadena, California). He then joined the faculty of University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (UIUC) in December 1995, and moved to California State University Fullerton (CSUF) in August 2003. His current primary research interests have been focused on detection and quantification of organic water contaminants in water using the FTIR-ATR technique, and the measurement of the rate coefficient and understanding the reaction mechanism of organic water contaminant removal using nano-technology.
Department of Chemical Engineering, Hanyang University, Republic of Korea
Surface modified silica nanoparticles were prepared through a two-step sol-gel process. The introduction of phenyl group onto the surface of silica nanoparticles could be processed by varying the amounts of NH4OH and phenyltrimethoxysilane (PTMS) and molar ratio of H2O/Si during the second step. Under the optimized condition, thesurface properties of silica nanoparticles were completely different before and after surface modification, assilanol groups being substituted by phenyl groups. The qualitative analysis of modified silica was conducted with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The degree of surface modification at the silica nanoparticles was examined based on the surface hydrophilic/hydrophobic moiety through the measurement of contact angle, surface charge by zeta-potential in aqueous solution and morphology by SEM. The mechanism ofsurface modification was inferred from a surface roughness. Finally when the silica was dispersed in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) as organic solvent, the modified silica with high concentration (20%) was better in dispersion ability.
Biography:
Professor Seong-Geun Oh got BS from Hanyang University, MS from KAIST and Ph.D from University of Florida. He has taught at Chemical Engineering Department, Hanyang University since 1997. His main research area is the preparation of nanomaterials in surfactant solution and their applications for solar cell, electronics and cosmetics.
1Laboratoire de Synthèse Macromoléculaire et Thio-organique Macromoléculaire, USTHB, Algeria
2Department of Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, USA
Inverse opal photonic crystals films combine interesting structural and optical properties. In this work (IOFs), were fabricated with graphene oxide nano-sheets as external matrices through cross linking of poly (methyl methacrylate) templates. First mono-dispersed PMMA colloidal crystals templates were prepared. Then a solution of precursor containing graphene oxide nano-sheets was dropped on the surface of the PMMA templates and heated in the oven at 37 C for 24 h. These samples were immersed in toluene to completely remove the PMMA opal template. Finally thin films of GO photonic crystal with and inverse-opal structure were obtained. The resulting structures displayed strong photonic properties due to the high structural order that endow the films with photonic stop bands and structural colors, which are visible to the naked eye. These IOFs exhibited a rapid reversible changes in their structural colors and reflectance peaks like evidenced by optical analyses as a response to alcohol and organic solvent.
Keywords: Inverse opal, photonic crystals, templating, graphene oxide, PMMA nano-spheres.
Biography:
Nabila Haddadine is a Professor of Macromolecular Chemistry at University of Sciences and Technology Houari Boumedienne (USTHB). She received her B.S., M.S. and PhD degrees from the Faculty of Chemistry, USTHB in Algeria. She worked as visitor scholar in Herriot Watt University, Edinburgh U.K and works as a visitor Professor at Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU), USA. Her research interests are on polymer sciences regarding nano-composites, hydrogel, drug delivery and therapy, synthesis and properties of nano-structured materials with photonic and dielectric properties, synthesis of nano-particles and theirs antimicrobial activities. Dr. N. Haddadine has been a member of the Editorial Advisory Boards of the Journal of Physical Chemistry, American Association for Science and Technology (AASCIT), Journal of Naonscience and Polymer International Journal as reviewer.
Department of Chemical Engineering/R&D Center for Membrane Technology, Chung Yuan University, Taiwan, ROC
Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Taiwan, ROC
Receptor-mediated gene transfer is believed to be of enormous significance in the clinical translation as promising gene delivery technique. Plasmid DNA (pEGFP) and polycations produce polyplexes, which can be proficient probes for molecular imaging when accompanied with gamma emitter. Hence we have demonstrated the physico-biological characterization of a radiotracer for tumor imaging in a HeLa tumor-bearing mouse model. Polyplex micelles were formed with pEGFP and Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) peptide-modified poly(ethylene glycol)-grafted polyethylenimine (E[c(RGDyK)]2-PEG-g-PEI) and labeled with 99mTc for in vivo study. The sizes and zeta potentials of the PEG-g-PEI/DNA polyplexes were 90-135 nm and 40-50 mV, respectively. The biophysical characterization of pEGFP in polyplexes was evaluated via various methods, including determination of the condensation efficiency of the polymers and the biodistribution, in vitro stability, in vivo application, and kinetics of the radiolabeled polyplexes. The polyplex of PEG-g-PEI/DNA fabricated with a PEG/PEI ratio of 10:1 and N/P=1, i.e., PP10/D, exhibited the lowest cytotoxicity and the highest transfection efficiency. The cyclic-RGD peptide-modified polyplex PEG-g-PEI/DNA (RPP10/D) had significantly higher binding affinity and transfection efficiency than the non-targeting PP10/D did. Through in vivo SPECT/CT images, it was determined that RPP10/D-99mTc presented higher uptake in the tumor than PP10/D-99mTc at all of the post-injection times studied. We found that the two tracers of radioactive complexes mainly accumulated in the liver, spleen and kidneys at 24 h after intravenous injection in female BALB/c nude mice bearing subcutaneous HeLa tumors. The accumulation of the site-specifically labeled RPP10/D-99mTc was lower in liver, kidney and spleen compared with non-targeting PP10/D-99mTc.
Biography:
Professor Ging-Ho Hsiue received his B.S. in Chemistry from Nippon University, Japan, in 1963 and his M.Sc. in Polymer Chemistry from Tokyo University, Japan, in 1967. After completion of his Ph.D. in 1972 from Tohoku University, Japan, did a professor assignment at National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, ROC from 1973-2009 in the Department of Chemical Enginerring. Then GH Hsiue promoted as a director of the Bioengineering Center (2000), director of the Biomedical Center (2007 - 2009), Dean (2000-2002) and Vice President (2000 -2001) in National Tsing Hua University. Also he won University Distinguished professor awards. After his retairedment from National Tsing Hua University, Ging-Ho Hsiue started to work as emarite professor in Chung Yuan Christian University, Chungli, Taiwan, ROC. His current research interests include polymer synthesis and physical property, shape-based self-assembly, biomedical materials, controlled drug delivery and optical polymeric materials.
Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, USA
The mechanical factors play important roles in stem cell fate. In particular, applied loading (strain) has a substantial effect on stem cell myogenesis as it has been shown in differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) into smooth muscle cells. ASCs provide an easily accessible, abundant source for autologous cells and have a great potential to tissue engineering and cell therapies. We have recently shown that ASCs can be effectively differentiated into skeletal muscle cells (SkMCs) if cyclic strain is applied. However, the mechanism of the strain effect on ASC differentiation into SkMCs as well as the optimal regime of strain application is not clear. Here we present a modeling insight into ASC myogenesis. We describe this process as a transition through several typical stages characterized by expression of a particular combination of myogenic markers previously observed in our experiment. The cells proceed to the next stage via asymmetric division or direct differentiation. The problem is formulated as a system of ODEs whose coefficients are expressed in terms of cell division, self-renewal, death, and direct differentiation rates. In addition, we use a system of nonlinear conditions associated with cell interaction with its environment and a feedback factor due to a limit in cell density. We first adjust the model parameters by using two particular experimental conditions for zero and 10% applied strain. We compute to kinetics of ASC myogenesis in terms of the number of cells being in each stage and demonstrate the main effect of the applied strain on the process of ASC differentiation. We show that after the strain application the number of the original stem cells starts decreasing and the cells in the late stages become dominant, while, under the no-strain condition, the original stem cells keep increasing and become dominant over the cells in the late stages. Finally, we use the developed model and predict the kinetics of ASC myogenesis for conditions beyond the experiment, such as different strains and longer times. We found that there is a strain limit (about 2%) below which the process has a pattern similar to that under the static no-strain conditions. Above that level, cells follow the alternative pattern similar to that under the dynamic experimental conditions. The obtained modeling insight will help in a better understanding of stem cell myogenensis as well as in the design of new experiments to further illuminate this process.
Biography:
Prof. Alexander Spector graduated from Moscow State University and later received his Ph.D. and Dr. Sci. degrees from the Russian Academy of Sciences. Since 1994, he has been working at Johns Hopkins University where he is currently Research Professor in Biomedical Engineering and Mechanical Engineering. He is also affiliated with the Institute of Nano Biotechnology, Translational Tissue Engineering Center, and Center for Hearing and Balance at Johns Hopkins University. In 2010, Prof. Spector was elected as a Fellow of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), and in 2015, he was appointed an Associate Editor of the Journal of Medical and Biological Engineering and Computing. His major research areas are cell/stem cell mechanics and biophysics, mechanotrasduction, biological membranes, and molecular motors.
1Materials Science and Engineering Department, University of Maryland, USA
2Qatar Foundation, Qatar Environment and Energy Research Institute, Qatar
3Chemistry and Biochemistry Department, University of Maryland, USA
4Naval Surface Warfare Center, Carderock Division, USA
5Institute for Research in Electronics and Applied Physics, University of Maryland, USA
Carbon in the form of graphene sheets and graphene nanoribbons (GNR) was incorporated in 99.99% Ag, 99.99% Cu and Al 6061 and Al 7075 alloys by electrocharging assisted process. This process consists of the application of a high DC current to a mixture of the liquid metal and particles of activated carbon. The current is believed to produce ionization of the carbon particles followed by polymerization in such a way that graphene sheets and nanoribbonsform within the metal. The new materials, called covetics, are very stable as the carbon remains in the metal even after remelting and resolidification. The graphene structures bond to the metal atoms and develop epitaxial structures with the metal lattice upon crystallization. We have varied the current applied during the reaction and measured the voltage between the crucible and the electrode. The voltage across the sample fluctuates as an indication that the reaction is taking place and slowly decreases as the carbon distribution becomes more uniform. Samples are compared for different currents and initial carbon content. We have used Raman scattering, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy for characterization of samples prepared with different current and for different carbon content. Raman scattering using 532 nm excitation laser shows that the graphitic regions have sp2 character with high intensity of the G and D peaks at ~1,580 and 1,354 cm-1 which are characteristic of graphitic structures having defects. The graphitic structures form a network throughout the sample that is believed to enhance the properties of the material. The domain size of the graphene nanoribbons are in the range of 10-30 nm as measured by Raman, TEM, and electron energy loss spectroscopy. Simulations from density functional theory predict bonding between carbon and silver (or Al) at vacancies and edges of the graphene-like ribbons. First principles calculations of the dynamic matrix of Ag and Al covetics predict a phonon density of states with Raman active modes corresponding to bonding between C and Ag/Al and which agree with our Raman scattering results that show weak modes in the region of 500 to 1,000 cm-1. Al 6061 and Al 7075 with 5% C show higherultimate tensile strength compared to the pure alloys. Cu covetic films with 4 wt% C show higher transmittance to light and higher resistance to oxidation than pure copper films.
Biography:
Lourdes Salamanca-Riba is a Professor in the Materials Science and Engineering Department at the University of Maryland. Her research is in the areas of nanomaterials, self-assembly in semiconductor nanostructures, hybrid photovoltaics, solid oxide fuel cells and carbon nanostructures in metals called covetics. Her research focus is on the synthesis and characterization of materials using transmission electron microscopy. She has a BS degree in Physics from the Universidad AutónomaMetropolitana in Mexico City and a PhD degree also in Physics from MIT. She was a Senior Research Scientist at the GM Research Laboratory in Warren, MI prior to becoming a faculty member at the University of Maryland. Professor Salamanca-Riba has over 140 publications and is a member of the Materials Research Society, American Physical Society and the Microscopy Society of America.
Department of Applied Physics, The University of Tokyo/ National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Japan
Printed electronics aims to realize self-formation of electronic devices under ambient conditions via the printed microfluids that contain such as soluble organic electronic materials or dispersed metal nanoparticles. In this talk, we present our recent investigations for developing advanced printed electronics. The topics include; 1) development of self-organized layered organic semiconductors and of their novel printing method for fabricating high performance printed thin-film transistors, 2) development of printed organic ferroelectric capacitor that presents few volt switching operations, and 3) new printing principle via nanoparticle chemisorption for conductive silver patterning with submicron resolution. We discuss that the explorations are based on outcomes in various fields of materials and nanoscience such as molecular nanotechnology, supramolecular chemistry, solid state and soft matter physics.
Biography:
Tatsuo Hasegawa has completed his Doctor of Engineering degree from the University of Tokyo, Japan and was a research associate at the University of Tokyo, was an associate professor at Hokkaido University, and then was a senior research scientist at National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST). Now he has been a professor at the Department of Applied Physics, the University of Tokyo since 2014, and also leads a research group at AIST.
Department of Physics, Osaka University, Japan
Current measurement is a useful tool to understand the intrinsic properties of nanoscale systems. In addition to the current average, the current noises have been extensively studied in past two decade. In particular, the nonequilibrium shot noise and the equilibrium Johnson-Nyquist noise are truly instrumental. They weresuccessively utilized for confirming the fractional charge of the excitation in fractional quantum Hall edge states, for measuring the Kondo correlationsin quantum dot systems, and for the thermometry. In contrast to the good agreement of theory and experiment, however, wealso observed the disagreement atvery low temperatures and low voltages in various nanoscale systems, i.e. unexpected anomalous noise enhancement.
Here we consider the puzzle byidentifying the properties of the potential noise source in the simple framework of intrinsic and extrinsic noise. The disagreement abruptly disappears with a slight increase in temperature or voltage, which apparently indicates that the anomalous enhancement is caused by an unknown intrinsic mechanism. On the other hand, the anomalous noisealso shows signs of being extrinsic;it appears in equilibrium, and seems to violate the Johnson-Nyquist relation that holds for the intrinsic mechanism. Accordingly, the anomalous noise shows thenature of intrinsic and extrinsicsources.
One possiblenoise source is the actual measurement of currentper se; in light of the inevitable presence of an extrinsic resolution limit, the intrinsic current is affected by the measurement in a quantum-mechanical manner, which can lead to the mixed nature. Here we theoretically study the influence of acharge resolution limit on the observed current distribution, using an extension of the full counting statistics. It is shown that the resolution limit gives rise to noise enhancement prominent only at low temperatures and low voltages. The relative error of the measured noise is universally scaled by a single parameter. The resolution effects are truly quantum-mechanical because it disappears in the classical limit where the Planck constant approaches the zero. Our findings also offer a qualitative explanation of the disagreement between experiment and ideal theory observed in the noise measurements.
Biography:
Yasuhiro Yamadais a research fellow of the department of physics at Osaka University. He received the B. E. and M. E. degrees in applied physics from Osaka University in 2006 and 2008, respectively. He received the Ph.D. degree in physics from Kyoto University in 2011 for his work on the nonequilibrium interplay between the Kondo and the superconducting correlations in a quantum dot system. He joined the department of applied physics at the University of Tokyo as a research fellow in 2011. His current research interests include quantum correlation effects in nonequilibrium systems, quantum measurement effects, dissipation engineering, feedback control of quantum systems, dynamical phase transitions, and transient quantum dynamics in photovoltaics.
1CEMHTI CNRS UPR3079, Université dʼOrléans, France
2 Institute of Physics Jagiellonian University, Poland
3GREMI, Université dʼOrléans/CNRS, France
Glasses containing noble metal nanoparticles have been extensively investigated in the past decades because of their excellent properties such as ultrafast optical response and large third-order non-linear susceptibility. Nonlinear optical materials, such as composites formed by metal nanoclusters in glass, are potentially important in the field of all optical switching technology. Many methods have been used to produce metallic (Au, Ag, Cu) nanoparticles, many of them describing chemical reduction techniques, some of them are concerned with formation of silver nanoparticles in matrices using ionic-exchange processes or laser beam, like soda-lime silicateglasses. In this work, we study the effects of network nature and the annealing conditions (temperature and atmosphere nature) on the coloration of silicate and borosilicate glasses doped with silver or gold oxide. Evolution of such structural glasses during annealing is studied by MAS NMR spectroscopy of 29Si, 11B and 23Na. The dispersed nanoparticles have been examined by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). The Optical Absorption Spectroscopy applied to colored glasses has given rise to the Surface Plasmon Resonance at around 420 nm (550 nm) which is characteristic of silver (gold) nanoparticles. The characterization of optical non-linear properties is in progress for these matrices.
Biography:
Ahmed Bachar received a PhD in materials chemistry from the University of Valenciennes, France. He is currently a CNRS researcher at the “Extreme Conditions and Materials: High Temperature and Irradiation” (CEMHTI) laboratory, University of Orleans, France. His research focuses on glass materials, metallic nanoparticles, anameling of functionalized surface and ceramic. He published around 20 papers in international research journals and got many participations in conferences and workshops.
1Discipline of Oral Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore
2Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Singapore
Contemporary dentin bonding systems require a preliminary acid demineralization procedure that extract the minerals present in the dentin exposing the underlying collagen web and widening the dentinal tubule orifice eventually forming the hybrid layer (adhesive interface) and resin tags. Acid etching activates the host-derived Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), majority of which remain bound to the surrounding collagen and gradually degrades the fibrils over time. Preserving the integrity of collagen is very crucial for enhancing the longevity of resin-dentin bonds. Collagen-based materials are frequently stabilized by introducing cross-links in the fibrillar network to control the rate of biodegradation and preserve collagen properties over time. Proanthocyanidins-richpolyphenols are well-known collagen-crosslinkers and their ability to improve the mechanical stability of dentin collagen network has been proven earlier. In this work, we synthesize nano-encapsulatedbioactive polyphenolic compoundsin biocompatible and biodegradable polymers. Following purification, particles werecharacterized for size andmorphology. The polyphenol loading and corresponding entrapment efficiencies were determined by quantitative analyses. The inclusion of polyphenols in the formulations was confirmed by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The controlled and slow released of polyphenols from the polymer particles have been detected. Antibacterial and cytotoxicity assays were also performed in-vitro. Following characterization, best formulations among synthesized were chosen and utilized for treatment with acid-etched dentin. Particles were infiltrated inside demineralized human dentin substrates simulatingclinical conditions. Pattern of delivery was investigated microscopically and sustained release of polyphenols inside dentin was observed in-vitro making these carriers potential candidates for controlled release of collage cross-linkers.
Biography:
Balasankar Meera Priyadarshini (PhD candidate) since joining the National University of Singapore (NUS) as a PhD student, Meera has been working mainly with synthesis and characterization of nano- and micro-sizedpolymer-encapsulated MMPs inhibitors, and collagen cross-linkers for enhancing the longevity of resin-dentin adhesive interface as a novel mechanism for dentin-pulp complex and root canal applications. Meera acquired her MSc in Biomedical Engineering, NanyangTechinological University, Singapore (2009) and B.Tech in Biotechology, SRM University, India (2008).
Centre of Excellence in Materials Science (Nanomaterials), Aligarh Muslim University, India
Nanoparticles of pure and Co doped BiFeO3 of the composition (Bi0.9 Co0.1) FeO3 have been successfully synthesized by auto combustion method using sucrose as a chelating agent and it has calcinated at 500°C. Microstructural analysis have been investigated by X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX) techniques. The crystallite size has resolute by powder X-ray diffraction technique whereas, UV-VIS technique is used to study the optical properties and band gap (Eg) of all samples. It is observed that doping causes increase in the dielectric constant of the nanoparticles as compared with the pure nanoparticles. It has also found that doping of Co affects the optical properties effectively and band gap is also decreased.
Department of Analytical Chemistry, University College of Science, University of Tehran, Iran
L-threonine (L-thr) as a general chiral selector anchored on the surface of magnetic multi wall carbon nanotube (MMWCNT) was prepared using an in situ electrostatic adsorption and studied as a new magnetically chiral selector for the separation of chiral DL-mandelic acid (DL-MA) as a model sample. By varying the pH, DL-MA was adsorbed on the surface of magnetic chiral selector through hydrogen bonds. It is recognized that MMWCNT with chiral ligands on its surface simultaneously possess both magnetic property and direct chiral recognition ability. The successful immobilization of L-thr onto the surface of MMWCNT was confirmed by infrared spectra (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction patterns (XRD) and transmission electon microscopy (TEM). The FT-IR and mass spectra of supernatant and elution solutions also confirmed the immobilization of L-thr onto the surface of MMWCNT. The analysis results of specific rotation, HPLC and ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy reveal that the L-thr-MMWCNT show stronger complexation of (+)-enantiomer than (-)-enantiomer. The functional magnetic nanotubes were easily separated from the racemic solution using an external magnetic field which demonstrated its feasibility of recycling the adsorbent. All processes including in situ immobilization, enantioseparation (enantioenrichment) and magnetic separation were done by single process in a short time (only 10 min).
Biography:
Ghazale Daneshvar Tarigh received her PhD degree in analytical chemistry from University of Tehran, Iran in 2015. She received her bachelorʼs degree (B.Sc.) in pure chemistry at the University of Zanjan, in 2003. She got her masterʼs degree (M.Sc.) under the direction of Prof. YadollahYamini at TMU and Prof. Ali Jabbari at KNTU in 2009. Her field of interest is the development of new extraction technologies, with an emphasis on miniaturizedsample preparation methods and separation techniques.
1Department of Physics and CMTC, University of Maryland, USA
2University of California-Riverside, USA
3Now at National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA
4National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.R. China
5Department of Microtechnology and Nanoscience, Chalmers University of Technology, Sweden
6Centre for Materials Science and Nanotechnology (SMN), University of Oslo, Norway
Experiments using scanning tunneling spectroscopy (STM) have revealed the formation of self-organized giant honeycomb networks on metal crystal surfaces. Perhaps the most noteworthy example is anthraquinone (AQ, C14H8O2) on the close-packed face of copper, for which the hexagonal pores of the network contain 186 exposed Cu atoms. While the formation of the chains and vertices the comprise the network can be readily accounted for in terms of hydrogen bonding between adjacent AQ molecules, the explanation of the largest characteristic spacing is more subtle and elusive, involving the metallic surface states of the substrate face. Our initial interpretation was based on their Friedel oscillations, i.e. on the oscillatory interactions depending on the ratio of the separation of AQ molecules and the Fermi wavelength of the surface states that produce the quantum corrals seen with STM. However, the existence of a similar structure for pentacenequinone on this surface—for which the pore area is the same but the separation of chains larger—invites the novel explanation that each pore accommodates the surface-state electrons into what amounts to two-dimensional closed-shell, noble-gas-like atoms in the second row of a “periodic” table of 2D “atoms.” (Networks of much smaller pores on Cu(111) have been observed for other organics, e.g. dehydro-DPDI).
The honeycomb network offers many tantalizing applications. As progressively greater numbers of CO molecules are adsorbed within a pore, they take on different conformations. There are preferred adsorption sites linked to standing electron waves in the pore, which can affect how adsorbates meet and react. Remarkably, the COs also diffuse faster. Near saturation a domain wall is forced into existence because of the different boundary conditions at adjacent walls of the hex pore. In the confined geometry, equilibrium constants and reaction rates change considerably. Because the pores are identical, one can simultaneously observe the evolution of many equivalent adsorbates systems, much as one does in simulations involving parallel computing.
Work supported by NSF-CHE13-05892(TLE) and 13-05892 (LB).
Biography:
Ted Einstein has been on the physics faculty at University of Maryland, College Park, since 1975, focusing on theoretical problems related to experiments in their world-renowned surface physics group. He served in various capacities on the Executive Board of the MRSEC (1996-2013) at UMD. He is a Fellow of APS and AVS, and was a Humboldt Foundation Distinguished Senior U.S. Scientist Awardee. He has been on the organizing committees of many local and international conferences and held visiting positions at NIST and in Sweden, Germany, France, and Italy. In APS he was Div. Materials Physics he was APS Councillor and (2 terms) Secretary/Treasurer. In AVS he was on the Executive Committee of the Div. of Surface Science twice. He also served as a part-time Program Director at NSF and an expert consultant in a patent case. Since 1996 he has been Chair of the Physical Sciences Program at UMD.
College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Korea
Introduction: Semiconductor Quantum Dots (QD) are tiny nanoscale particles that possess unique optical properties like size-tunable light emission, high brightness, photostability and simultaneous excitation and monitoring of multiple colors due to narrow emission range. High-content cell-based assay (HCA) has attracted great attention due to its ability to be used in the drug discovery-driven research and development required to understand the functions of genes and gene products at the level of the cell. HCA simultaneously measures multiple biomarkers in a single cell with multiplexing fluorescent probes. The complex intracellular responses involved in drug-induced efficacy or cytotoxicity can be observed in organ-specific cells by HCA. Despite HCAʼs capability it is not common to simultaneously observe many biomarkers in an intact cell. Concurrent monitoring of multiple biomarkers is practically limited due to the spectral overlap among probing materials having broad absorption and emission spectrums. QD-based HCA is very advantageous because it can provide particular wavelengths that do not overlap among the probing materials and concurrently monitor a larger number of drug targets or biomarkers. In this work, QD-based HCA has been investigated to detect cancer stem cells induced by Benzo[a]pyrene (BP).
Results: It was found that breast CSCs were producedfrom MCF-7 cells by BP-induced mutation. Breast CSCs wereobtained using magnetic bead-based sorting from MCF-7 cells and detected throughhigh-content monitoring of three different markers CD44, CD24 and aldehyde dehydrogenase1(ALDH1) using the QD-based HCA. The BP-induced mutation was quantitatively observed via absorption spectra of BPDE-DNA adducts. MCF-7 cells were treated with BP at different concentration 0.2µM, 2µM, 5µM and 10µM for 24hr. The resultant CSCs in the entire MCF-7 cellswere determined to be 0.35±0.032%, 0.45±0.038%, 0.55±0.075%, 1.02±0.28% and 1.19±0.27% in control, 0.2µM, 2µM, 5µM and 10µM respectively.
Conclusions: QD-based HCA was very advantageous for the detection of CSCs induced by carcinogens such as benzo[a]pyrene. Spectral overlap among probes of CSC biomarkers could be eliminated and diagnostic accuracy could be greatly improved, compared with the conventional FACS.
Biography:
Prof. Joon Myong Song received his Ph.D. in 1997 at Kyushu University, in Japan. He worked as a postdoctoral research fellow from 1998 to 2004 at Iowa State University, Brookhaven National Laboratory, and Oak Ridge National Laboratory in United States. At present he is a professor and head of Department of Pharmacy at College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University in South Korea. His research area includes multifunctional nanoparticle for diagnosis and therapy and high-content cell-based drug screening and diagnosis using hyper-multicolor cellular imaging. He has published 87 peer reviewed papers in the top journals, 7 book chapters, and 10 patents.
1Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Japan
2Green Mobility Collaborative Research Center, Nagoya University, Japan
3Materials, Physics and Energy Engineering, Nagoya University, Japan
4Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Nagoya University, Japan
Plasma technologies have been developed for nanomaterial synthesis and modification, including carbon related materials with various nanostructure, heteroatom nanomaterial, metallic-based particles, hydrides and oxides, and etc. The physical and chemical properties of synthesized material are highly dependent on the type of plasma and its reaction field. Plasma in liquid phase, when compared to that of plasma in gas, it can realize a higher reaction rate under lower-temperature conditions, and offer greater chemical reaction variability since the molecular density of liquid is much higher than that of gas phase. So the non-equilibrium plasma in liquid phase was called by “solution plasma”. By using solution plasma process (SPP), we can introduce variety of plasma by choosing the combinations of solvents and solutes in solutions. The schematic of SPP is displayed in Figure 1. In this presentation, the features of SPP and the applications including By using solution plasma process (SPP), we can introduce variety of plasma by choosing the combinations of solvents and solutes in solutions. In this study, we have summarized recent studies of applying SPP method to synthesize various nanomaterials for (1) Graphitic structure carbon nanosphere (CNS) as cathode material for Li-air battery application, (2) Metallic catalysts supported on CNS for cathode material with ORR catalytic activity (3) heteroatom doped carbon matrix for non-metal based ORR catalysts for fuel cell application, and (4) small molecules from natural products are being reported.
1 Al-Mustansiriyah University, Physics Department, Iraq
2 University of Basrah, Physics Department, Iraq
Electro spinning is a simple and quick technique for producing fibers with nano scale diameters from a wide range of materials. The Polyvinyl alcohol PVA Polymer dissolved in the DMF was electrospun to obtain the alignment nanofibers PVA. The nanofibers were obtained using 25 wt % solution concentration, an applied voltage 10 kV, spinning distance10 cm and different flow rates of 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3 ml/hr. The properties of alignment nanofibres including morphology, crystallization, functional group and the effected of flow rates on it was studied.
The morphology of the electrospun PVA nanofibres is studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Structural characteristics analysis by X-ray diffraction (XRD) that showed the crystalline peaks of the PVA nanofiber. The formation of functional group of PVA polymer was predicted by the FT-IR spectra.
Biography:
Dr. Ziad A. Toma is Assit. Professor of physics department, college of education, Al-Mustansiriyah University, Is received his M.Sc. degree from Nahrain University, college of science, physics department, Iraq. 1999, and PhD degree from Baghdad University, college of science, physics department, Iraq, 2008, his research interests include: thin films, nanotechnology, superconductivity composites, astronomy physics.
1NTT Device Technology Laboratories, Japan
2NTT Basic Research Laboratories, Japan
3Nanophotonics Center, NTT Corporation, Japan The performance of CMOS chips has continuously improved as they have been scaled down. However, electrical interconnects are becoming a bottleneck to further improvement, because small-size and narrow-pitch wires have large resistance and capacitance, which results in large energy consumption. There have been many attempts to realize on-CMOS-chip optical interconnects with small energy consumption and large band width. Considering the allowable power supply for CMOS chips and communications bandwidth, light sources should be operated with energy consumption on the order of 10 fJ/bit or 0.01 mW/Gbit/s.
In this context, we are studying photonic crystal (PhC) lasers. Reducing the size of the active region is an effective way to reduce the energy consumption of directly modulated semiconductor lasers. However, since this reduces optical confinement in the active region, we have employed PhC cavities to maintain large optical confinement. After these important features, we named our PhC lasers lambda-scale embedded active region PhC(LEAP) lasers.
We have used oxygen-plasma-assisted bonding to integrate InP-based III-V material on Si substrate. InGaAsPthree-quantumwell active layers were formed on thermally oxidized Si substrates, followed by buried heterostructure regrowth with dimensions of 2.5 × 0.3×0.15 mm3. Lateral p-i-n junctions were formed by ion implantation of Si and thermal diffusion of Zn for n and p doping, respectively. We formed the PhC cavity by electron-beam lithography and dry etching, followed by electrode formation.
We achieved continuous-wave operation of LEAP lasers on Si substrate at room temperature, with a threshold current of 57 µA and a maximum output power of 3.5 mW. The lasing wavelength was determined by the lattice constant of the PhC, and it was 1554.2 nm. Although the output power from the device was not large enough to evaluate dynamic characteristics, LEAP lasers on InP substrate showed direct modulation at a bit rate of 10 Gbit/s with very small energy consumption of 5.5 fJ/bit. From the potential small-energy device performance and integrability on Si substrates, we believe LEAP lasers are very promising for future on-chip optical interconnects.
Biography:
Koji Takeda received the B.S., M.S., and Ph.D. degrees in electronics engineering from the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan, in 2005, 2007, and 2010, respectively. From 2008 to 2010, he received a research fellowship for young scientists from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science. He joined NTT Photonics Laboratories in 2010. His current research interests include ultralow-power optical interconnects, InP photonic integrated circuits, and photonic crystal lasers. He is now with NTT Device Technology Laboratories.
Dr. Takeda is a member of the IEEE Photonics Society, Japan Society of Applied Physics (JSAP), and the Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers (IEICE). He received the Best Student Paper Award from the IEEE Photonics Society in 2009, the Outstanding Student Presentation Award from the JSAP in 2010, and the Best Paper Award from the IEICE in 2013.
Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China
Optical signal processing is considered to be an attractive technique to overcome the speed bottleneck of electronics and accelerate future high-speed optical communication networks. Optical nonlinearities are potentially well suited to perform various optical signal processing functions, among which optical computing is a basic building block. With recent advances in signal modulation schemes from binary modulation formats to m-ary modulation formats, it is expected to promote the traditional binary logic operations to high-base (quaternary/octal/hexadecimal) optical computing functions. Previously, binary logic operations and high-base optical computing functions were demonstrated on different platforms of semiconductor optical amplifiers (SOAs), highly nonlinear fiber (HNLFs) and periodically poled lithium niobate (PPLN) waveguides. Despite impressive operation performance, ultra-compact platform is still highly desired to offer integrated optical signal processing solutions. Silicon photonics isa promising low cost integration platform enabling on-chip optical signal processing owing to its distinct advantages of high index contrast, large optical nonlinearity, relaxed latencies, lower power consumption, and compatibility with complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) technology. In this scenario, it would be valuable to exploit optical nonlinearities in silicon nanophotonic devices to facilitate on-chip high-base optical computing.
In this talk, we review recent research progress in on-chip high-base optical computing using silicon nanophotonic devices. By exploiting degenerate and non-degenerate four-wave mixing (FWM) processes in ultra-compact silicon waveguides and employing quadrature phase-shift keying (QPSK)/8-ary phase-shift keying (8PSK)/16-ary phase-shift keying (16PSK) signals, we demonstrate grooming on-chip quaternary/octal/hexadecimal optical computing functions (addition, subtraction, doubling, hybrid).
Biography:
Jian Wang received the Ph.D. degree in physical electronics from the Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China, in 2008. He worked as a Postdoctoral Research Associate in the optical communications laboratory in the Ming Hsieh Department of Electrical Engineering of the Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA, from 2009 to 2011. He is currently a professor at the Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
Jian Wang has devoted his research efforts to innovations in photonic integrated devices and frontiersof high-speed optical communications and optical signal processing. He has more than 250 publications, including 3 book chapters, 2 special issues, 2 review articles, 5 invited papers, 42 tutorial/keynote/invited talks, 8 postdeadline papers, and more than 100 journal papers published on Science, Nature Photonics, Scientific Reports, Optics Express, Optics Letters, etc.
1School of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, United States International University Africa (USIU-A), Kenya
2Chemistry Department, Kenyatta University, Kenya
3Multimedia University of Kenya, Kenya
4Centre for Biotechnology Research & Development, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kenya
Bilharzia is one of the Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTDs), a group of chronic disabling infections affecting more than a billion people worldwide, mainly in Africa and mostly the poor. In Kenya, these NTDs affects more than 50% of the population fueling the vicious circle of poverty and stigma that leaves people unable to work, go to school, or participate in family and community life. Highly sensitive detection and accurate analysis is essential for the early detection, treatment, and management of these diseases. Current methods of detection rely on microscopic detection which is tedious, unreliable and suffers poor sensitivity. In this work, a Nano-based immunosensor for early detection which rely on nano-immunological response between an antibodies against Bilharzia conjugated to nanoparticles and Bilharzia antigen will be reported. The conjugation of the antibodies with nanoparticles combines the unique properties of the nanoparticles with the specific and selective recognition ability of the antibodies to antigens. The hybrid product has improved cellular uptake as well as the major intracellular stability and may show versatility and specificity with improved analytical signal important for rapid, sensitive and real-time point of care diagnosis. The work will report the use of screen printed electrodes for a potential development of a Nano-device for point-of-care diagnostic of Bilharzia.
Keywords: Nano-immunosensor, Nanoparticles, Nano-immunological Response, Screen Printed Electrodes
Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute (ETRI), Korea
Because of its excellent electronic and photonic properties, graphene has attracted enormous interest. Its charge mobility, electrical conductivity and optical transparency in addition to its flexibility, robustness and environmental stability make graphene a promising material for a wide range of applications ranging from electronics through photonics to plasmonics. However, its true potential application will not be attained until production compatible methods are achieved.
In this talk I present CVD based large-scale high quality graphene synthesis for electronic applications. Simultaneous growth of the multi-layer and single-layer graphenes changing continuously the electrical resistance and the optical transmittance is introduced. I also demonstrate a flexible and transparent gas molecule sensor consisting of a graphene sensor channel and a graphene heater. This combined structure leads to fully utilizing unique transparent and flexible functionalities of graphene with invariable sensing performance under a bending condition.
I also introduce the progress in graphene-based photonic and plasmonic devices such as thermo-optic mode extinction modulator and planar lightwave circuit-type plasmonic photodetector for all graphene-based photonic integrated circuits (PICs). A thermo-optic (TO) mode extinction modulator based on graphene plasmonic waveguide is introduced. The graphene plasmonic waveguide is served as a light signal guiding medium with a successful 2.5 Gbps optical signal transmission at a wavelength of 1.31 µm. A planar-type graphene plasmonic photodetector is also introduced with the configuration of the graphene plasmonic waveguide and photodetector structure all-in-one to detect horizontally incident light for the easy and simple integration.
Biography:
Choon-Gi Choireceived the doctorate in Physicsfrom UniversitédʼOrléans, Francein 1996. He is currently a director at Creative Research Center for Graphene Electronics in Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute (ETRI), Korea and a professor at the department of advanced device technology in University of Science and Technology (UST), Korea. He is also an associate editor of the Nano Convergence journal with Springer publishing. From 1996 until now, he is working for the ETRI, where he has developed micro- and nano-photonic and optoelectronic devices and graphene-based electronic and photonic devices. His current research interests are large-scale graphene synthesis, graphene and TMDC-based electronic and photonic devices, metamaterial-based 3D holographic devices, nano-structured photonic and optoelectronic devices, etc. He has authored or co-authored over 100 papers and holds over 20 U.S. patents as well as 50 Korean patents.
1Dean, IKG Punjab Technical University Jalandhar, India
2Department of Physics & Materials Science, Jaypee University of Information Technology, India
The structural, electrical and magnetic properties of Co-spinel nano ferrites synthesized by combustion route have been studied. The thermo-gravimetric study reveals that the stable phase formation above ~620°C. Structural characterization was carried out by using the X-ray diffraction technique. The X-ray diffraction study reveals that the lattice constant of cobalt nano ferrites increases with the increase of Mn content. Dialectrical properties of Co-ferrite have been studied with frequency and temperature dependence. Room temperature magnetization measurement showed that for the substitution of Co by Mn, there is an initial increase in saturation magnetization (Ms) and remanence (Mr) for x=0.0 to x=0.4 and decrease for x=0.5. The coercivity values of the samples increases with increase of Mn content. The sample Co0.7Mn0.3Fe2O4 exhibit the superior magnetic properties which can be further employed to form magnetoelectric (ME) composites useful for sensor applications.
Biography:
He obtained his Doctorate (Ph.D.) from Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India in 1987. He was Visiting Faculty at Department of Physics, Grambling State University, Grambling, Louisiana, LA 71245, USA and worked as Visiting Scientist at International Centre for Theoretical Physics, Italy and Jozef Stephan Institute, Ljublijana, Yugoslavia.
He had completed sponsored research projects successfully on “Development of Lead based Ceramics for applications in Pyro-electric IR Sensors”, “On the transport properties of III -V Compound semi - conducting Thin Films”, “Development of GaxIn1-xSb thin films for Device applications” and “Development of LPE for semiconducting thin films”.
He published book entitled, “Experiments in Materials Sciences” and was the Guest Editor for the special issue on Material Science: Trends and Future, published by Indian Journal of Engineering & Material Science.
Racah Institute of Physics, The Hebrew University, Israel
Traces of superconductivity (SC) up to 65 K were observed by magnetic measurements in three different inhomogeneous sulfur doped amorphous carbon (a-C) systems: (i) commercial, and (ii) synthesized powders and in (iii) a-C thin films. (i) Studies performed on commercial (a-C) powder which contains 0.21% sulfur, revealed traces of two non-percolated superconducting phases around Tc34 and 65 K. The SC volume fraction is enhanced by the sulfur doping. (ii) Another a-C powder obtained by pyrolytic decomposition of sucrose, did not show any sign for SC above 5 K. However, mixing of this powder with sulfur and synthesize of the mixture at 400 °C (a-CS), yields an inhomogeneous products which showstraces of SC phases at TC= 17 and 42 K.(iii) Non-superconducting a-C thin films were grown by electron-beam induced deposition. SC emerged at Tc = 34.4 K only after heat treatment with sulfur.
Other partsof the same commercial a-C and pyrolytic a-CS powders, show unusual magnetic features. (1) Pronounced irreversible peaks around 55-75 K appear in the first zero-field-cooled (ZFC) sweep only and they aretotally suppressed in the second ZFC runsmeasured a few minutes later. Their origin is not known. (2) Around the peak position the field-cooled (FC) curves cross the ZFC plots (ZFC>FC). These peculiar magnetic observations are connected to each other. All SC and magnetic phenomena observed are intrinsic properties of the a-CS materials.
It is proposed that the a-CS systems behave similarly to the high TCcurates and/or pnictides in which SC emerges from magnetic states. In addition, the a-CS system resembles the sulfur hydrides (H3S) material which becomes SC at TC = 203 K under high pressure (>200 GPa). SCinH3S is explained by the interaction between the electrons and the high frequencies hydrogen vibrations. This model may also be applied to a-CS. The relatively light nonmetallic carbon atoms and their high vibration frequencies as simple harmonic oscillators induce SC even at ambient pressure with TCashig has 67K. Alternatively, it is possible that the a-Cand a-CS powders contains mall amount of hydrogen and that the observed SC states arepressedH3S embedded or adsorbed in thea-C matrix.
Biography:
Israel Felner has completed his PhD at the Hebrew University (HU) of Jerusalem, Israel and his postdoctoral studies at UCSD, San-Diego, California, USA (1979). Since then he works at the “Racah” Institute of Physics at the HU. He became a full professor in 1995. During 2003-2006 he served as the chairman of physics studies at the HU. He has published more than 480 papers in reputed journals and serves as an editorialboard member of three prestige scientific journals.
1Department of Physics, Queens College of CUNY, USA
2The Graduate Center of CUNY, USA
3Capacitor Sciences Inc., USA
Energy storage units having both high energy density and high power density are important for further progress of technology. As the limitations of energy density and power density of the batteries are difficult to overcome, the right alternative solution might arrive from the capacitor technology with improved permittivity and breakdown voltage of insulating materials. In the present paper, we propose to use the engineered polymers to develop capacitors having high energy density. We believe that the proposed approach provides a new generation of the energy storage devices promising the solutions to the many needs of the society.
Polymers can be engineered to achieve significant polarizability in the frequency range of kHz-MHz, which makes such systems most suitable for the energy storage purposes. The conduction can compromise the high dielectric strength of the dielectric. To avoid this, we propose to couple the polymer cores to high resistivity materials.
In this work, we report our analysis of the feasibility to extract favorable dielectric properties based on composites of polymers.
Biography:
Pavel Lazarev is the inventor of Capacitor Sciencesʼ high permittivity technology and founder of the Company. He also is the founder of Cryscade and inventor of the companyʼs Donor-Bridge-Acceptor technology. He received his Masters from Moscow State University, Ph.D. in Crystallography and Dr. of Science Degree in Biophysics from the Russian Academy of Science. Previously, Pavel founded Nanotechnology MDT (www.nt-mdt.com), Akvion (www.akvion.ru), Optiva Inc., Ribtan Inc. (www.ribtan.com) and Crysoptix KK, (www.crysoptix.com). Pavel was an editor of International Journals ‘Molecular Engineering’, ‘Nanobiology’ and ‘Molecular Materials’. Pavel has published several books, over 150 technical publications and over 200 inventions with emphasis on the R&D and production of functional crystalline films based upon coatable lyotropic liquid crystals.
Department of Physics and Earth Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of the Ryukyus, Japan
Density of usual substances increases monotonicallywith cooling at any temperatures. But, that of water expands with reducing temperaturebelow 4°C. A number of scientists in the world have studied for centuries what causes the negative thermal expansion and a variety of ideas have been put forward up to now. Nevertheless, none of them tells us anything about what induces the negative expansion. Recently, we have succeeded in explaining the physics underlying the density anomaly. We have shown that the soft repulsion near the hard-core contact determines mainly the thermodynamic behavior of excess internal energy of water which is much different from those of usual liquids. The behavior of the internal energy causes negative thermal expansion at temperatures below 4°C. Water has also a plenty of anomalous properties other than density anomaly. In this speech, we will also talk about why water has polymorphic structures and what determines the isothermal compressibility. Today, almost all of these anomalous behaviors of water are well reproduced by numerical simulations by using realistic water models. But, it does not mean that physics underlying these phenomena are illuminated. We can derive thermodynamic properties of any substances by using thermodynamics and statistical mechanics if intermolecular forces are known. It should be said that the Physics underlying a certain phenomenon is illuminated when the relation between the phenomenon and the shape of the intermolecular potential is elucidated thermodynamically. At the present moment, Self-consistent Ornstein-Zernike approximation will be the most appropriate method to study this kind of phenomena. We have also found a computation method which makes calculation precision 1010 times higher than those presented up to now. In the study of water, we need to perform numerical computations byusing models with a variety of intermolecular interactions. Therefore, we can expect that thisextremely accurate computation method will be very useful and will bring us fruitful results.
Biography:
Makoto Yasutomi completed his PhD at Nagoya University in Japan. He worked in University of the Ryukyus as Instructor. He has published more than 30 papers in reputed journals.
1Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Malaysia
2Automotive Engineering Centre, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Malaysia
Cutting fluids are considered essential for a number of reasons such as decreasing friction between the workpiece and the cutting tool, reducing the tool wear thus enhancing the tool life and improving the surface characteristics, lubricating and cooling the interface between sliding surfaces, increasing productivity due to reduced costs through minimizing the heat generated at the mated surfaces and for flushing away the chips, debris and residues. Uncoated cemented carbide tools are tested for performance analysis in terms of flank wear in end milling of aluminium alloy AA6061 with a minimum quantity lubrication condition using TiO2 nanofluid. The results of the machining with water-based TiO2 nanofluid are compared with oil-based minimum quantity lubrication phenomena. Micro-abrasion, micro-attrition and adhesion wear leading to edge chipping are identified as the main wear mechanisms. Aluminium deposits as a result of adhesion and attrition on the tool flank regionare observed. The results show the capabilities of water-based nanofluid as a competent MQL medium, in terms of tool edge integrity and reduced adhesion losses, replacing the conventional oil-based MQL.
Keywords: MQL, nanofluid, wear, abrasion, attrition, adhesion
Biography:
Professor Dr. Md. Mustafizur Rahman is a consultant, a researcher currently working with the Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Malaysia since April 2007. Dr. Rahman also served as a Deputy Director as well as acting Director in the Automotive Engineering Centre, UMP. He received his Ph.D. degree from the Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia. The research work of Dr. Rahman is focused on advanced machining, optimization, finite-element analysis, modeling of modern materials, nanofluids in machining applications, nanofluids in ICE. He has published more than 290 papers in international scholarly journals and conferences. He is also the member of Editorial Boards of seven scientific journals, including Editor-in-Chief, International Journal of Automotive and Mechanical Engineering (Scopus Index) and Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Sciences (Scopus Index). He has been the technical reviewer for over 25 scientific journals as well as the member of the technical board for conferences. He is fellow of Association of Computer, Electronics and Electrical Engineers (ACEEE) and Indian Society of Mechanical Engineers (ISME), senior members of American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) and International Association of Computer Science and Information Technology (IACSIT), founder member of Malaysian Society for Engineering and Technology (mSET) and also members of several professional societies such as Institute of Engineer, Bangladesh (IEB); Bangladesh Society of Mechanical Engineers (BSME); International Association for Computation Mechanics (IACM); Malaysian Association of Computational Mechanics (MACM); International Association of Engineers (IAENG). He has been supervising nine PhD and 16 M.Sc. Eng. Candidates (by research) and more than 55 undergraduate dissertations.
Optofluidics, Inc., USA
We present the marketʼs latest particle analysis system. The NanoTweezer Surface uses cutting edge nanophotonics and microfluidics to analyze nanoscale particles in solution, chiefly characterizing their size and their surface properties, simply not possible with current instrumentation. The device uses near field optics to impart optical forces that drive the particles to interact against a reference surface, and by measuring the amount of light these particles scatter, the NanoTweezer Surface characterizes the interaction potential to infers the surface properties of the particle. Researchers are using our tool in nanomedicine and nanotoxicity to measure weak and non-ionic interactions such as those imparted when a particle is PEGylated, as well as assess ligand coverage during surface functionalization. The system allows researchers to better assess formulation stability, particle surface coverage and offers key new insights to make better colloidal systems. We will dive into the device physics as well as offer case studies.
Biography:
Ms. Li is technical sales and marketing lead at Optofluidics. She earned 2 Masterʼs Degree (Materials Science & Electrical Engineering) from UPenn and her Bachelorʼs Degree of Materials Science from Tsinghua University.
The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, Japan
Silver nanowires (AgNWs) have attainedmyriad performances due totheir structure of the high aspect ratio and twin crystal. A transparent electrode based on aAgNWs network is one of candidates for an alternative to tin-doped indium oxide (ITO). Although ITO have been widely used in displays, touch screens, and solar cells, there are limitation of supply and brittleness. The AgNWs transparent electrode shows high flexibility in addition to comparably optical transmittance and electrical resistance of an ITO film. This can pave the way for future flexible and wearable electronics which can be bent, stretched, compressed, and twisted to arbitrary shape. Moreover, simple solution preparation of AgNWs, so-called polyol methods, have a possibility resulting into high throughput roll-to-roll process which is a printing technique of creating electronic devices on flexible plastic or metal foils. Here, ultra-long AgNWs were synthesized by modifying polyol method to improve the transmission haze and optical transmittance of the transparent electrode. A transparent electrode based on the ultra-long AgNWs achieved an electrical sheet resistance of 1×102 Ω/□, and low transmission haze of 2.6% with a high parallel optical transmittance of 95%. Patterning large/small area of stretchable/transparent electrode will also be presented.
Biography:
Teppei Araki received his Ph.D. in engineering from Osaka University at September 2014 under supervision of Prof. Katsuaki Suganuma for “printable wiring technology for stretchable electronics”. He was a JSPS Fellows and studied at Holst Centre in the Netherland for a year during doctoral program He works as an assistant professor of Osaka University from October 2014 and engages in “flexible electronics and photonics” supervised by Prof. Tsuyoshi Sekitani. Tsuyoshi Sekitani received the B.S. degree from Osaka University, Japan in 1999, and the Ph.D. degree in applied physics from the University of Tokyo, Japan in 2003. From 1999 to 2003, he was with the Institute for Solid State Physics, the University of Tokyo. From 2003 to 2010, he was a Research Associate, and in 2011, he was an Associate Professor in the School of Engineering at the University of Tokyo. In 2014, he was made a Professor in The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research at Osaka University. His current research interests include organic transistors, flexible electronics, plastic integrated circuits, large-area sensors, and plastic actuators.
Weizmann Institute of Science, Department of Materials and Interfaces, Israel
Constructive nanolithography; a generic bottom-up fabrication technique, developed in our laboratory, capable of producing high resolution active surface features on the otherwise inert outer surface of self-assembled OTS monolayers, provides invaluable opportunities for the advancement of surface bound ultra-low dimensional electronics and surface bound macromolecular architectures. The recent fabrication of a quasi two dimensional electrolytic cell, facilitated by low humidity surface ionic conduction on pre-planned carboxylic acid nanowires, inscribed on the surface of OTS monolayersvialocal AFM probe electrooxidation, highlights the significance of this work. Unfortunately, concomitant partial monolayer destruction occurred with the oxidativetransformation of methyl functions to carboxylic acid during pattern inscription.3However, our more recent results show that the outer surface of OTS can be locally oxidized () with humidities above 30 % and applied voltages of above -5.9 V; that is, the undesired oxidation of the underlying silicon substrate occurs only above -6.4 V, at minimum set-point, where the height of the resulting silicon oxide increases linearly as does the dimensions (width in the case of lines)of the inscribed features. Voltages between -6.1 to -6.4 result in no oxidation of the substrate, in addition to accurate and continuous surface patterns. Highset-points (> 0.4 nA) result in lateral broadening of the water meniscus, adsorbed to the surface of the AFM probe, hence, there is broadening of the inscribed patterns and increased oxidation of the underlying substrate. Competition between the kinetics of water adsorption to the probe and that for the combined consuming processes: evaporation and reaction, result in discontinuous patterning at high inscription rates, ca.>1 µm/s; that is, the overall consumptionrate becomes greater than the former at this speed. Indeed, the aforementioned conditions can be reproducibly used for the generation of high resolution surface patterns (lines) with dimensions (widths) below 35 nm using a 40 nm (Probe radius) inscription probe. After pattern inscription, contact and semi-contact measurements, using high resolution probes under low humidity conditions, must be combined to obtain accurate imaging, facilitating reliable dimensional analysis. High resolution localized oxidation of the OTS monolayer surface is described by a minimal difference between the friction of the pattern on trace and retrace. These patterns are highly sensitive to moisture, resulting in local variation of surface frictional forces, hence, measured pattern dimensions are moisture sensitive.
AFM Nanoelectrooxidation of OTS SAM
Biography:
Dr. Peter N. Nelson Completed his A.Sc., (2007) in Chemistry and Biology from the College of Agriculture, Science and Education (C.A.S.E) followed by his B.Sc., (2009) in general chemistry and Ph.D (2013), in physical chemistry, from the University of the West Indies, Mona. His PhD work was focused on adducing the molecular structures and phase properties of some solid state anhydrous metal carboxylates. This work was carried out under the guide of Professor Henry A. Ellis; one of the founding fathers of that area. He is now a postdoctoral fellow at the Weizmann Institute of Science (WIS) in the department of Materials and Interfaces. His work at WIS, under the guide of Professor Jacob Sagiv; the father of Molecular Self Assembly, is focused on nanofabrication via AFM and e-beam lithography. Currently, his research interests include, but are not limited to, thermodynamics, Quantum dots, nanoionics and AFM lithography.
1Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taiwan
2Department of Applied Physics, University of Gondar, Ethiopia
3Department of Materials and Minerals Resources Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taiwan
Memory device is one of the most important products in the electronics market. To satisfy the needs of various current commercial electronic devices, such as computers, digital cameras, smart mobile phones and etc., non-volatile memories (NVMs) with huge storage capacities are needed. To overcome the problems of current NVM concepts, a variety of alternative memory concepts is explored. Among those memories, Resistive Random Access Memory (RRAM) NVMs based on electrically switchable resistance have attracted considerable attention. RRAM has gained significant interest as one of the most promising candidates as a next generation NVM device.
In this paper, resistive switching (RS) characteristics and mechanism of metal oxide RRAM device are studied. Based on an amorphous (ZrCu)Ox active layer with a thin thickness of ~11nm is sputter deposited without substrate heating or post-annealing. The device shows forming-free unipolar RS properties of low operation voltage (<1.7V), long retention time, good endurance and resistance ratio. The RS property is considered to be dominated by the filamentary conduction due to the presence of oxygen vacancies in the grain boundary-free structure.
Keywords: Resistive Random Access Memory (RRAM), resistive switching, metal oxide, sputter deposited and oxygen vacancy.
National Tsing Hua University, Taiwan, R.O.C
An effective method is proposed to prepare octa(aminophenyl) silsesquioxane (OAPS) functionalized graphene oxide (GO) reinforced polyimide (PI) composites with a low dielectric constant and ultra-high mechanical properties. The amine-functionalized surface of OAPS-GO is a versatile starting platform for in situ polymerization, which promotes the uniform dispersion of OAPS-GO in the PI matrix. Compared with GO/PI composites, the strong interfacial interaction between OAPS-GO and the PI matrix through covalent bonds facilitates a load transfer from the PI matrix to the OAPS-GO. The OAPS-GO/PI composite film with 3.0 wt% OAPS-GO exhibited an 11.2-folds increase in tensile strength, and a 10.4-folds enhancement in tensile modulus compared with neat PI. The dielectric constant (Dk) decreased with the increasing content of 2D-porous OAPS-GO, and a low Dk value of 1.9 was achieved.
Keywords: Graphene, Nanocompsites
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