P.A. College of Engineering, India
Preparation and characterization of CuO base Nanofluid for high temperature applications is reported in this paper. CuO Nano particles are dispersed in different base fluids like water (W), ethylene glycol (EG), 70% W+30% EG, 50% W+50% EG and 30% W+70% EG. The concentration of Nano particles are varied from 0.025 to 0.125 volume concentration (vol. %). 25 samples of required Nanofluids are prepared using ultrasonication method. The thermal conductivity at room temperature and viscosity of the prepared nanofluid at 200 °C to 800 °C is estimated using a KD2 probe thermal analyser and Brookfield rheometer respectively. Results indicate that the viscosity trend is fluctuated by vol. % for different base fluid combinations and thermal conductivity is severely affected for the same. The maximum thermal conductivity is observed at 0.1% of Nano particle concentration for all base fluid combinations and a maximum increment of 20% is observed with respect to standard working fluid water. A 50% decrement in viscosity is also observed for water based CuO Nanofluid at 80 °C with respect to standard working fluid water at room temperature. The conclusions from the various studies in this paper give an insight towards optimising the volume concentration of CuO nanoparticles and its base fluid composition, which simultaneously improve heat transfer rate and reduce pumping power, that can be used for high temperature applications without phase transition due to the presence of low volatile ethylene glycol in the base fluid volume concentration are used in detail.
Keywords: Nanofluids, Reynolds number, sonification, viscosity, copperoxide, thermal conductivity
University of Exeter, UK
Recently organic-inorganic metal halide perovskite solar cells represent a major breakthrough in the development of photovoltaic sector. Though several major factors such as stability, cost, materials, fabrication and efficiency become the consequential factors to control the performance of the solar cells. There is an intriguing riddle to understand how to construct a stable system in order to get the maximum efficiency. Much progress has been already made in the stability of the halide perovskite. Nevertheless, the underlying mechanism of the degradation and performance assessment remains far from being comprehensively understood. Many of these issues can be addressed using new, carbon-based nanomaterials. Carbon nanomaterials such as carbon nanotubes, graphene, fullerene, graphene quantum dots etc. display remarkable electrical, thermal and mechanical properties that enable several exciting applications in solar cell application. Besides, their self-assembling characteristics allow these carbon nanomaterials to be readily explored to be a low-cost and efficient solar light harvesting materials. We report here fully printable carbon solar cells exhibits a maximum power conversion efficiency of ~2.89% under 1 SUN 1.5 AM. Sequential fabrication of carbon solar cells was performed under ambient condition with FTO/graphene/SWCNT/C60/Carbon paste layers and on the top employed Poly(methyl methacrylate) coating without employing hole transport material. The resulting PSCs exhibits quite impressive stability up to 7 days on introduce of the PMMA coating. Through this effort, the results envisage to deliver carbon solar cell insights that are less explored, cheaper, efficient and reliable. Development of carbon based material develops an efficient replacement of the Pt-free counter electrode material which can make DSSCs more competitive among various photovoltaic devices. Significant results of various carbon counter electrodes was further extracted with one of the major leading alternative photoanodes such BaSnO3 (BSO). The natural source derived carbon material series, 3.81% (GCP) and 3.27% (GCS) efficiencies were observed for BSO based DSSC.
Biography:
Dr. Anurag Roy, native from West Bengal, India. He did B.Sc. (Chemistry) from University of Calcutta, India in 2011 followed by M.Sc. (Chemistry) from Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad, India in 2013 followed by PhD (Chemistry) from CSIR-Central Glass and Ceramic Research Institute, Kolkata, India in 2019. Presently, he is working as a Post-doctoral research associate in University of Exeter, United Kingdom. He is a gold medalist in M.Sc. securing highest marks in my batch. He got DST-INSPIRE fellowship from Department of Science and Technology, Government of India to persue my PhD. He is lifetime member of Material Research Society of India, DNA Society of India and Indian Science Congress Association. His research interest belongs to studies on various materials in energy harvesting sector. This includes synthesis, physico-chemical characterization and application aspects. He received Newton-Bhabha fellowship from British Council in 2017 and also selected as an affiliated member in International Union of Pure Science and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) in 2018. He has published 17 international SCI research publications and won 3 best poster awards. He already presented 6 oral presentations in national and international conferences.
Jordan University of Science & Technology (JUST), Jordan
Effect of irradiation incorporated with natural materials and antibiotics on cell lines, Erethrocytes, and bacteria such as (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus) has been investigated. The control of microbial growth by inhibiting or preventing the growth of microorganisms are necessary in case of medicine, agriculture and food sciences. The control or treatment consists of killing or inhibiting the microorganisms by using physical or/and chemical agents. Treatment involved natural photosensitizing materials such as Rose Bengal, Hypericin, Protoporphyrin, Cichorium Intybus, Photofrin, Iron oxide nanoparticle (Fe3O4), curcumin and nanocurcumin with and without light has been studied. Results showed that incorporating irradiation with drugs could inhibit or prevent the bacterial and cell line growth. In general, the results demonstrated that the viable counts are decreasing with induced dyes in the presence of light. The viable counts are increasing in the absence of light (in the dark) for all samples incorporated with pigment materials. The mortality rates are increasing in the presence of light depending on the structural wall of the cell. Our finding suggests that pigment materials incorporated with light could be used as a potential drug in photodynamic therapy. In addition, the results presented here suggest that pigment materials could play a major rule for the higher rate of inactivation of the gram-positive cells as compared with gram-negatives.
1Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, India
2Directorate of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research, India
The synthesis of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) of medicinal plant extracts using green chemistry is the emerging area of research due to their applicability in nanomedicines. Secondary metabolites present in the plant extracts may serve as a good source of reducing and capping agent leads in nanoparticle synthesis. In this study, aqueous extracts of fruits medicinally and commercially important Garcinia indica (Kokum) has been utilized for the synthesis of AuNPs. UV-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX) and High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HRTEM) techniques were used for the characterization of synthesized AuNPs. An absorption peak of the AuNPs is observed at 541 nm using UV-visible spectroscopy. The XRD patterns confirmed the face centered cubic structure and average crystallite size was calculated using the Debye-Scherrer equation and was found to be 9 nm. FTIR spectroscopy revealed that water soluble biomolecules from the aqueous extracts of the Garcinia species played important roles in the formation of AuNPs. FESEM showed the formation of AuNPs with regular spherical shape with average sizes of 2 to 10 nm. The cytotoxicity of AuNPs was examined against MCF-7 and exhibited potent anticancer activity with the IC50 value of 34.55 µg/ml for G. indica. Green synthesized AuNPs exerted considerable antibacterial activity against B. subtilisand E. coli.
Keywords: Garcinia, Gold nanoparticles, Green Synthesis, Biological applications
Silpakorn University, Thailand
Thermoplastic vulcanizates (TPV) is and PP or PE, with dynamically cured elastomer phase such as EPDM. The elastomer should be well dispersed in the polyolefin matrix which facilitates thermoplastic like processing of elastomer. The properties of TPV are mainly governed by properties of thermoplastic matrix and rubber phases including curing system used for dynamic vulcanization. As environmental problem has been an important issue, application of bioplastic in thermoplastic elastomer is interested. The blending of NR with various bioplastics has been studied in our work. Dynamic vulcanization of NR during melt blending of NR with various bioplastics was carried out. The systems included NR melt blended with poly(butylenes adipate-co-terepthalate, PBAT; polycarprolactone, PCL and poly(butylene succinate), PBS. The batch melt blending in an internal mixer were performed with various NR and bioplastics composition. Dynamic vulcanization of NR phase, using Luperox® 101 as curing agent, was also occurred in the mixer. Except for NR/PBS TPV system where dicumyl peroxide was used as curing agent. This will advantage for foam preparation in further foaming step. The results showed that NR/PBAT TPV with NR content as high as 70% possessed tension set less than 20% and elongation at break under tension was higher than 600%. Melt flow index of TPV obtained was in the range that could be extruded using twin screw extruder. For NR/PCL system at the same composition, the tension set was found at 20%, elongation at break under tension was as high as 1000%. This TPV system was also extrudable. Tension set for NR/PBS TPV system was found at about 30% and the elongation at break under tension was about 600%. From the mentioned basic properties of biobased TPV in our research, it presents that they could proposed the promising qualified TPV and advantage for the sake of biodegradability.
King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Aqueous Cu-RDRP was utilized for the rapid synthesis of poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide)-block-poly(2-hydroxyethyl acrylamide) (PNiPAmx-b-PHEAAmy) copolymers with thermo-responsive viscosity. The pre-disproportionation of Cu(I)Br in the presence of an aliphatic tertiary amine (Me6Tren) in water generated nascent Cu(0) and [Cu(II)] complexes and facilitated the rapid synthesis of a series of (block) copolymers with low dispersity values (1.08 < Đ <1.22) and control over the molecular weight (Mn,SEC ~30,000). The control over the polymerization enabled the design of a series of block copolymers with precision over the segment ratio, which exhibit different thermo-responsive aggregation. Thermal analysis, viscometry and fluorescence measurements gave insights on the effect of composition and temperature alterations rendering the synthesized polymers potential candidates for temperature-dependent applications.
Keywords: Thermoresponsive: Polyacrylamide block copolymers: Cu-RDRP
Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, India
In this study, BSD is torrefied at 140 °C in water presence of an acid catalyst (10%) with salt (30%) for 30 minutes after getting solid hydrochar co-pyrolysis with LLDPE with different ratio with different heating rates (5-40). The thermal behavior of TBSD, LLDPE and mixed samples (TBP3:1, TBP1:1 and TBP1:3) are analyzed by TGA temperature ranging from 30 °C to 800 °C under argon atmosphere. In WT, various parameters such as temperature, catalyst and salt concentration on properties of biochar were elucidated in a fixed residence time (30 minutes). Energy content or higher heating value of solid hydrochar is increased from 17.04 to 24.02 MJ/kg due to major removal hemicellulose and minor removal of cellulose. The ultimate analysis indicates that upgrading process converted green waste (BSD) near to clean solid fuel with high energy density. Blended sample TBP1:3 has a more positive synergistic effect during copyrolysis of TBSD and LLDPE as compared to TBP1:1 and TBP3:1 at 40 °C min-1. The data obtained from TGA was used to determine the kinetic parameters (activation energy (Ea) and frequency factor (A)) by using isoconversional methods (KAS, OFW and FM models). The average activation energy for blended samples (TBP3:1, TBP1:1 and TBP1:3) during copyrolysis were found to be 225, 224 and 253 from KAS, 275, 272 and 263 from OFW, 238, 237 and 256 kJ• mol-1 from FM models. The reaction mechanism was identified by Criado's master plot show multi step reaction taking the value of apparent activation energy from the FM model.
Keywords: Wet Torrefaction (WT); Torrefied Bamboo Saw Dust (TBSD); Co-pyrolysis; Synergistic effects; Isoconversional models; Low linear density polythene (LLDPE); Criado's master plot and apparent Activation energy.
Biography:
Mahboob Alam completed PG in Industrial Chemistry at Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh. He worked at Al-Jazeera Factory for paints (Tinting System Company) from 2009 to 2010. After that he did M. Tech in "Catalysis Technology" in Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Madras (IITM). During his M. Tech he worked on the topic “Synthesis and Catalytic application of Mordenite with hierarchical pores (Alkylation of aromatics and Acylation reaction). Presently, he has enrolled a PhD student under the supervision of Dr. Nageswara Rao Peela in the Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati (IITG) working on renewable energy and value added chemicals from Bamboo biomass.
Malaysian Rubber Board, Malaysia
In recent years, automotive hose and belt specifications have changed, requiring longer product life in terms of swelling, wear and heat ageing. Diene-based rubbers, such as natural rubber (NR) and styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR), have been widely used in diverse industries. However, some apparent defects such as limited ageing resistance and large compression set have been demonstrated in some rubbers cured by sulfur or peroxides. In the making of general and industrial rubber goods, short production and sufficient scorch time is crucial especially by using an injection moulding. In this work, blend of Epoxidised Natural Rubber (ENR 25) and Butadiene was developed with two types of curing systems namely Conventional and Efficient Vulcanisation system. The aim of the study is to produce a satisfactory heat resistance rubber compounds and adequate process safety for rubber manufacturing. Results showed that curing system applied significantly affected thermal stability property of the compounds. Modulus and hardness of the blends appeared to decrease progressively with ageing. However, greater thermal stability especially ageing at 100 °C for 200 h was observed with compound containing efficient curing system compared to conventional curing system which corresponded to the cross link density attributed by the torque value and dynamic mechanical analysis.
AGH University of Science and Technology, Poland
Microporous carbonaceous materials and the adsorption processes taking place on their surface have been the object of widespread research and application. In particular these materials are used to rid the air of substances that are harmful to human health, including for protection from poisonous substances and for environmental protection in the processes of removing harmful substances from waste gases. The porous structure and functional properties of carbonaceous adsorbents are dependent on the structure of the original raw material. As a consequence, the choice of suitable material is no less important than the selection of adequate production method and the determination of optimum process conditions. Therefore, a search for new raw materials that would be useful in the production of carbonaceous adsorbents has been under way and particular attention has been paid in this regard to biomass waste from food and timber industries and agriculture. The work presents numerical evaluation of the effect of the used activator and the raw material on the formation of the microporous structure of the activated carbons. The numerical calculations were carried out based on of the adsorption isotherms of nitrogen taken from literature. On the basis of the research and analyses, a significant effect of the type of the activating agent used as well as the raw material on the formation of the porous structure and, consequently, on the adsorptive properties of the produced activated carbons were observed. The new proposed method provides a wider spectrum of information on the analyzed porous structure of the activated carbons and the processes occurring on their surface, what provides a unique tool enabling a precise characterization of the structure of the carbonaceous microporous materials and this in turn makes it possible to optimize the processes of their manufacture.
Acknowledgments: The work was financed from the Research Subvention from the Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education for the AGH University of Science and Technology in Krakow No. 16.16.210.476.
Biography:
Dr. Mirosław Kwiatkowski in 2004 obtained Ph.D. degree from the Faculty of Energy and Fuels at the AGH University of Science and Technology in Kraków (Poland) and in 2018 D.Sc. degree from the Faculty of Chemistry at the Wrocław University of Technology (Poland) in the discipline: chemical technology. In addition, he obtained a certificate of completion of postgraduate studies: Professional Research and Development Project Manager at the Krakow University of Agriculture (Poland), Research and Development Project Manager at the University of Economics and Innovation in Lublin (Poland) and Electrical Energy Markets from the Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Automatics, Computer Science and Biomedical Engineering at the AGH University of Science and Technology in Krakow (Poland). His published work includes more than 45 papers in reputable international journals and 90 conference proceedings. He is the editor in chief of The International Journal of System Modeling and Simulation (United Arab Emirates), an associate editor of Micro & Nano Letters Journal (United Kingdom) and a member of the editorial board of internationals journals as well as a member of the organizing and scientific committees international conferences in Europe, Asia and United States of America.
Amity University, India
In our current work Copper Nanoparticles (CuNPs) were synthesized by EEW (Electro Explosion of Wire) technique1 where a Cu wire of 0.5 micron in diameter was exploded on a Cu plate, triggered by high current densities in the wire. After explosion the particles were collected, characterized and bio-functionalized with antibodies through surface adsorption technique. The CuNPs, just synthesized by EEW were found to be very active and the antibodies were easily conjugated to the particles. The binding was confirmed by DLS, Zeta and then Fluorescence measurement. Cyclic Voltammetry studies of the immunoreaction (between antibody functionalized Cu NP and the respective antigen) was monitored in solution. Nanoparticles prepared by physical or chemical method have limited production rates but EEW technique is currently being explored to synthesized metallic nanoparticles in high quantity and for various applications.
1Physics Department, Federal University Dutse, Nigeria
2Physics Department, Bayero University, Nigeria
3Physics Department, University Putra Malaysia, Malaysia
4Institute of Advanced Technology, University Putra Malaysia, Malaysia
Dilute Magnetic Semiconductors (DMS) with potentials for spintronic application have gained much researches interest. Considerable effort has been devoted to ZnO semiconductor material due to its wide band gap of 3.37 eV, large exciting binding energy of 60 meV and small exciton Bohr radius of 2.34 nm, moreover, ferromagnetism at room temperature can be achieved when doped with transition metals. Co0.1Zn0.9O nanoparticle with different pH (7.0, 9.0, 11.0 13.0) were synthesized by microwave assisted synthesis method calcined at 600. The structural, optical and magnetic properties of these nanoparticles were studied using X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV-Visible Spectroscopy, Photoluminescence Spectroscopy (PL), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Vibrating Sample Magnetometer respectively (VSM). The structural property confirms the effect of pH in the formation of pure crystalline Co0.1Zn0.9O nanoparticles. The optical property of Co0.1Zn0.9O samples at different pH value were studied. The magnetic behavior of Co0.1Zn0.9O nanoparticle were also identified.
Keywords: ZnO, Co doped ZnO, structural, optical, magnetic properties.
Biography:
Sabiu Said Abdullahi is a PhD candidate at Bayero University Kano (BUK) having a research program at University Putra Malaysia (UPM). He received his first Degree from Bayero University Kano, Nigeria in 2011 with Bachelor of Science in Physics. He obtained degree in Masters of Science in Physics from Fatih University Istanbul, Turkey in 2014 specializing in the synthesis and characterization of nanomaterial. His current research is on Transition metals doped ZnO nanoparticle for spintronic application. He has publication in professional journals.
School of studies in physics, Jiwaji University, India
Above results of Photoconductivity, optical spectra and Raman studies are presented CdSe films, synthesised in aqueous solution phase at 80 °C by using the Chemical Bath Method. CdSe films were characterized by using different characterization. AFM, SEM and Composition studies show that films with smooth surface and well defined stoichiometry ratio of compounds. The optical values of some important parameters of the studied films were calculated by UV study are determined from transmission spectra at wavelength 200 to 900 nm. Optical band gap Eg was calculated by tauc relation. Energy band gap of Bandgap in Raman analysis, a prominent peak shows that confirmation of nano crystalline phase. And intensity of peaks was decreasing after doping. From IV results shows that both dark and photo current of samples increase linearly with applied voltage.
1Federal University of Technology, Nigeria
2Universiti Sains Malaysia, Malaysia
Due to loss of structural strengthening at temperatures beyond 250°C, heat treated aluminium alloys (e.g. AA 6061-T6) weldments are usually characterised with poor mechanical properties including hardness, tensile and impact strengths. In this work, friction stir weldments reinforced with the addition of SiC, B4C and Al2O3 particles at the joints were produced and investigated for improved hardness, tensile and impact strengths over the unreinforced weldment. The microstructure of the weldments was also examined using both optical and scanning electron microscopies. The entire reinforced welded joint exhibited improved hardness because of the enhanced metal matrix grain refinement and inherent high hardness of the reinforcement particles. B4C particle with the highest hardness produced hardest joint of about 81% of the base metal hardness (~114 HV0.3). Also, the impact energies of the SiC (16.9 J) and Al2O3 (12.2 J) reinforced weldments are closer to that of the base metal (18.6 J) compared with the unreinforced weldment (9.6 J). The reinforced weldments showed no improvement over the tensile strength of the unreinforced weldment. B4C and SiC reinforcement produced the highest improvements in the hardness (at the joint) and impact strength of the AA 6061-T6 friction stir weldments respectively.
Keywords: Friction Stir Welding; AA 6061-T6; Particles reinforcements; Tensile strength; Impact strength; Hardness.
Biography:
Taiwo E. Abioye completed his PhD from University of Nottingham, UK and undergone his post-doctoral study at Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia. He is currently a Senior Lecturer in the Department of Industrial and Production Engineering, Federal University of Technology Akure, Nigeria. His research areas include laser materials processing, welding/joining technologies, additive manufacturing, materials characterisation and testing. He has published more than 30 papers in reputed journals and has been a regular reviewer to many reputed journals.
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