International Journal of Material Science and Research

ISSN: 2638-1559

2nd International Conference on Materials Science and Research

September 26-27, 2018, Frankfurt, Germany
Scientific Session Abstracts
DOI: 10.18689/2638-1559.a2.002

Development of Organic Multifunctional Spin Systems

Shinichi Nakatsuji

Graduate School of Material Science, University of Hyogo, Japan

Considerable attention has been paid during past decades and is still being paid to the development of functional organic systems with multi-properties such as organic magnetic conductors, photochromic magnets, magnetic liquid crystals and so forth and we have been interested in developing organic spin systems combined with conductivity, photochromism, thermochromism, liquid crystalline, or rechargeable battery properties. In this paper we would like to report some of our recent results on the development of organic multifunctional spin systems toward molecular spin devices.

A naphthalenediimide derivative carrying TEMPO radical and azobenzene chromophore was found to show photo-responsive magnetic as well as FET properties upon illumination and multi-step charge-discharge properties were observed in some nitroxide-carrying ferrocene derivatives or disulfide compounds. Some radical salts with chromophore and anchor units were proved to work as colored compatibilizers with a squarium dye in the photovoltaic properties. These results will be presented and discussed.

Biography:
Dr. Shinichi Nakatsuji obtained a PhD from Osaka University and after studied as a JSPS postdoctoral fellow at the same university, he joined the Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagasaki University, as an assistant professor. He studied one year at the TH (now TU) Darmstadt as an Alexander von Humboldt fellow. In 1990 he moved to the newly founded Faculty of Science at Himeji Institute of Technology (now University of Hyogo) and was appointed as a professor in 1998. He served as the dean of School of Science as well as a councillor of the university and is currently a professor emeritus. He is the author or one of the co-authors of 9 books, 15 reviews and book chapters as well as 12 patents. He has published over 220 scientific papers and has been awarded in 2008 the distinction of Doctor Honoris Causa from Technical University of Iasi in Romania.

Magnetism in Single Xtals of Magnetite (Fe3O4): A MaxEnt-uSR Study

Carolus Boekema*, C Morante, E Ghorbani and S Welch

Physics & Astronomy Department, San Jose State University, USA

Magnetite has a fully spin-polarized band and is therefore considered an important spintronic oxide material. The internal fields in single crystals of magnetite (Fe3O4) have been previously studied through muon-spin rotation (mSR). [1] By Maximum-Entropy (ME) [2] we have analyzed single crystal Fe3O4mSR datain zero field and with external field B parallel to the <111>, <110> or <100> axis. Several mSR time series indicate a beat pattern. By curve fitting [1] and confirmed with improved precision by MEmSR, secondary frequency signals are observed in the temperature range above the Verwey transition (TV). Assuming one demagnization field and one muon-probe-site set, we find for roomtemperature (RT) <111> Fe3O4 fields larger than the maximum allowable. [1] We compare our RT B// <110>dependent results with those observed for 205 K <110>Fe3O4 [3] to better understand a transition observed at twice TV. The existence of these secondary signals may be related to phonon-assisted 3d-electron hopping. [3, 4] Another possibility could be magnetically different muon-probe sites. Our MEmSR B-dependent studies provide insight into the local magnetism and conduction mechanism of this Mott-Wigner glass. [1, 4]

Biography:
Dr. Carolus Boekema Professor Emeritus of Physics at San Jose State University (SJSU). His field of Research includes Magnetism in Cuprate Superconductors; Rare O[-1] ions in MgO (earthquake-like precursors); Modeling Frustration in Condensed Matter. He is Nominee, American Physical Society, Faculty Undergraduate Research 2017 Award, SJSU Faculty Mentor Awards 2017, 2013 & 2005; APS Far West Section (co-Founder) Grant support PIPD & coPI: ~1.7 M$; 111 refereed student-coauthored publications, including two Phys Rev Lett, two Phys Rev B Rapid Comm, and eight invited papers.

Synthesis of Vertical Graphene Network

Mineo Hiramatsu

Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Meijo University, Japan

Graphene is a two-dimensional material with the large anisotropy between in-plane and out-of-plane directions. Graphene-based materials with large surface area are useful as electrodes for electrochemical and bio applications. Carbon nanowalls (CNWs) are layered graphenes with open boundaries, standing vertically on a substrate to form a self-supported network of mazelike-architecture. This kind of carbon nanostructure is also called as carbon nanoflake, carbon nanosheet, graphenenanosheet, and graphenenanowall. CNWs are sometimes decorated with metal nanoparticles and biomolecules. The structure of conductive CNWs with large surface area, combined with surface decoration, would be suitable for the platform in electrochemical and biosensing applications. CNW films can be potentially used as electrodes of electrochemical sensor, capacitor, dye-sensitized solar cell, polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEFC), and implantable glucose fuel cell (GFC). Among these, CNW electrodes in fuel cells should be decorated with catalytic nanoparticles such as Pt.

CNWs and similar vertical graphene structures can be synthesized by several plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) techniques on heated substrates (600-800 °C) employing methane and hydrogen mixtures. Control of CNW structures including spacing between adjacent nanowalls and crystallinity is significant for the practical applications. Moreover, surface functionalization including surface termination and decoration with catalytic metal nanoparticles should be established. We carried out CNW growth using PECVD employing CH4/H2/Ar mixtures with emphasis on the structure control of CNWs. We report the current status of fabrication and structure control of CNWs. Moreover, CNW surface was decorated with Pt nanoparticles by the reduction of chloroplatinic acid or by the metal-organic chemical deposition employing supercritical fluid. We also report the performances of hydrogen peroxide sensor, PEFC and GFC, where CNW electrode was used.

Biography:
Professor Mineo Hiramatsu received his M. Eng. and D. Eng. degrees from Nagoya University. He is a Full Professor of Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering and the Director of Research Institute, Meijo University, Japan. His main fields of research are plasma diagnostics and plasma processing for the synthesis of thin films and nanostructured materials. Author of more than 150 scientific papers and patents on plasma processes for materials science. Author of 5 books. More than 40 invited speakers at international conferences on plasma science and Nanomaterials. Japan Society of Applied Physics Fellow.

Graphene Oxide/Brushite Cement: Promising Composites for Load Bearing Bone Substitutes

Ammar Zeidan Ghailan Alshemary* and Zafer Evis

Department of Biomedical Engineering, Karabuk University, Turkey

Brushite (CaHPO4·2H2O) cementhas been shown to increase bone mineral density. However, low mechanical properties of the brushite cement under physiological conditions has limited its clinical use. In the present study,(1 gm) of (β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP)mixed with different fractions (0.05 and 0.10 Wt. %)of graphene oxidematerials)was reacted with (1 gm) of monocalcium phosphate monohydrate [Ca(H2PO4)2·H2O, MCPM] in the presence of (1 ml) of water to furnish corresponding graphene oxide/brushite cement. The microstructure of cement composites wasinvestigated using X-ray diffractometry (XRD) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The effect of graphene oxide on the structural and mechanical properties of the brushite cement is clarified. Primary outcomes indicate that the presence of graphene oxide increases the compressive strength of brushite cement, from 6.453 (Pure brushite) to 6.457 (0.05% graphene oxide/brushite cement). Further studies are required to investigate the biological properties of cement composites. Acknowledgments: This study was supported by Karabük University (Project no. KBÜBAP-17-KP-477). The authors would like to thank for support.

Biography:
Dr. Ammar Zeidan Ghailan Alshemary is an Assistant Professor in the Biomedical EngineeringDepartment at the Karabuk University. He achieved his PhD in materials chemistry in 2015 at Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Malaysiaunder the supervision of Prof. Dr Rafaqat Hussain. And then DrAmmar joined Prof. Dr Zafer Evisʼs lab as a postdoc from 2015 to 2016. After joining the Karabuk University in 2016, DrAmmar works on developing functional and bioactive biodegradable inorganic/organic biomaterial scaffolds and translational research for tissue repair and regeneration, and drug delivery applications.

Microstructural Basis of Thermoelasticity and Pseudoelasticity in Shape Memory Alloys

Osman Adiguzel

Firat University, Turkey

Shape memory effect (SME) is a peculiar property exhibited a series alloy systems. Successive structural transformations govern memory behavior. These transformations are induced by decreasing temperature and stressing material in low temperature by means of thermal induced and stress induced martensitic transformations. Shape memory effect is performed only thermally after these processes in a temperature interval, and this behavior is called thermoelasticity. Thermal induced martensitic transformation occurs as martensite variants with lattice twinning by means of shear-like mechanism in crystallographic scale, in materials on cooling. Twinned martensite structures turn into detwinned martensite structure by means of stress induced transformation by deforming plastically in martensitic condition. Martensitic transformations occur by two or more lattice invariant shears on a {110}-type plane of austenite matrix which is basal plane or stacking plane for martensite.

Shape memory alloys exhibit another property called pseudoelasticity (PE), which is performed in only mechanical manner. These alloys can be deformed in parent phase region just over austenite finish temperature, and recover the original shape on releasing the stress in pseudoelastic manner. Both SME and PE is associated martensitic transformation. SME is a result of thermally induced martensitic transformation and deformation of material in the product martensite region, whereas PE is the result of stress-induced martensitic transformation, which occurs by only mechanical stress at a constant temperature. With this stress, parent austenite phase structures turn into the fully detwinned martensite.

Copper based alloys exhibit this property in metastable β-phase region. Lattice invariant shears are not uniform in these alloys, and the ordered parent phase structures martensitically undergo the non-conventional long-period layered structures on cooling. The long-period layered structures can be described by different unit cells depending on the stacking sequences on the close-packed planes of the ordered lattice. The close-packed planes, basal planes, exhibit high symmetry and short range order as parent phase. The unit cell and periodicity is completed through 18 layers in direction z, in case of 18R martensite, and unit cells are not periodic in short range in direction z.

In the present contribution, x-ray and electron diffraction studies were carried out on two copper based CuZnAl and CuAlMn alloys. These alloy samples have been heat treated for homogenization in the β-phase fields. X-ray diffraction profiles and electron diffraction patterns reveal that both alloys exhibit super lattice reflections inherited from parent phase due to the displacive character of martensitic transformation. X-ray diffractograms taken in a long time interval show that diffraction angles and intensities of diffraction peaks change with the aging time at room temperature, and this result leads to the rearrangement of atoms in diffusive manner.

Keywords: Shape memory effect, martensitic transformation, thermoelasticity, pseudoelasticity, lattice twinning and detwinning.

Biography:
Dr. Osman Adiguzel graduated from Department of Physics, Ankara University, Turkey in 1974 and received PhD- degree from Dicle University, Diyarbakir-Turkey. He studied at Surrey University, Guildford, UK, as a post doctoral research scientist in 1986-1987, and studied on shape memory alloys. He worked as research assistant, 1975-80, at Dicle University and moved to Firat University, Elazig, Turkey in 1980. He became professor in 1996, and he has already been working as professor. He published over 50 papers in international and national journals; He joined over 100 conferences and symposia in international and national level as participant, invited speaker or keynote speaker with contributions of oral or poster. He served the program chair or conference chair/co-chair in some of these activities. In particular, he joined in last four years (2014 - 2017) over 30 conferences as Keynote Speaker and Conference Co-Chair organized by different companies. He supervised 5 Ph.D and 3 M.Sc- theses.
Dr. Adiguzel served his directorate of Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Firat University, in 1999-2004. He received a certificate awarded to him and his experimental group in recognition of significant contribution of 2 patterns to the Powder Diffraction File – Release 2000. The ICDD (International Centre for Diffraction Data) also appreciates cooperation of his group and interest in Powder Diffraction File.

Concentration Dependent Structural, Morphological and Optoelectronic Properties of Sprayed Cadmium Based Transparent Conducting Oxide

Sandeep Prakash Desai1,2* and A V Moholkar1*

1Department of Physics, Shivaji University, India
2Department of Basic Science and Humanities, KITS College of Engineering, India

The effect of precursor concentration on the physico-chemical properties of cadmium oxide (CdO) thin films deposited using simple and effective chemical spray pyrolysis technique (SPT) is studied. The X-ray diffraction study shows polycrystalline, face centered cubic structure of CdO films. Field emission scanning electron micrographs and cross-sectional images of CdO thin films shows that morphology of films changes from rough to smooth and thickness of the films increases from 794 nm to 1523 nm, as cadmium content increased in spraying solution. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy confirms presence of 4d, 4s, 3d5/2, 3d3/2, 3p3/2, 3p1/2 fine structural states of cadmium and 1s fine structure state of oxygen. The optical study shows that the direct band gap energy values decreases from 2.58 to 2.42 eV with increase in precursor concentration which is attributed to B-M effect. The Hall Effect measurement indicates that all the films exhibit n-type semiconducting behavior, the electrical resistivity decreases from 34.5 x 10-4 to 2.7 x 10-4 Ω.cm for 0.025M to 0.1 M solution concentration and further increase to 12.5 x 10-4 Ω.cm for 0.125 M concentration. The CdO thin film deposited with 0.1 M precursor concentration exhibits the best optoelectronics properties amongst the all other CdO films. It shows transmittance of 74 %, high figure of merit of 25.3 x 10-3 (Ω)-1, carrier concentration of 5.87 x 1020/cm3 and mobility of 40 cm2/Vs. Photoluminescence spectra of CdO thin film gives two significant photoemission peaks at 434 and 539.80 nm (green) when they are excited at 400 nm wavelengths.

Biography:
Dr. Sandeep Prakash desai is an Assistant Professor from KITʼs College of Engineering, India; He has a Teaching Experience of 13 Years, Area of Specialization in Applied Physics, Material Science. He obtained his from Shivaji University, India with Title: Studies on Synthesis and Characterization of Cadmium Based Transparent Conductive Oxide Thin Films, under the guidance of Dr. A. V. Moholkar.
He attended various National / International Seminars, Conferences and also participated in many Workshops. He has published many Papers in International Journal. Dr. S.P Desai has published a Book: A text Book of Engineering Physics: 2K-Publication, ISBN No. 9788193077788

New Frontiers for Novel Advanced Membrane Technologies

Amira Abdelrasoul

Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Canada

Clean water as basic human need is not available to 1.4 -1.8 billion people around the world. It is essential to direct current research trends toward sustainable water and wastewater treatment technologies that can solve the existing industrial and environmental issues, especially when it comes to solutions that can be successfully commercialized on the global scale. Membrane applications are the most effective and sustainable methods of addressing environmental problems in treating water and wastewater to meet or exceed stringent environmental standards. Nevertheless, membrane fouling is one of the primary operational concerns that is currently hindering its widespread application. My major research focus is to optimize synthesis of biomimetic membranes designed with antifouling, and selective permeation that will pave the way for the production of clean water.

Biography:
Dr. Amira Abdelrasoul, P.Eng. is an Assistant Professor in the Chemical and Biological Engineering Department at the University of Saskatchewan. Prior to joining the University of Saskatchewan in 2017, she was a Lecturer and Postdoctoral Research Associate in the Department of Chemical Engineering at Ryerson University in Toronto, Ontario. Dr. Abdelrasoul received her PhD degree in Chemical Engineering in 2015 from Ryerson University with the Governor Generalʼs Academic Gold Medal and the C. Ravi Ravindran Outstanding Doctoral Thesis Award. Her research interests focus on Membrane Science and Technology for Water and Energy Sustainability, and Biomedical Applications; Process Modeling, Simulation, and Optimization of Complex Systems; and Biomimetic Nanomaterials for Advanced Technologies and Biomedical Applications. Her outstanding contributions in the field were recognized with numerous prestigious excellence awards. In addition, Dr. Abdelrasoul is a licensed Instructional Skills and Educational Development Facilitator and a fellow of the Educational Development Association.

Improvements of Backside Grinding/Metal (BGBM) and Die Bonding for MOSFET Power IC Packages

Yan-Cheng Lin1,2*, Tung-Han Chuang1,2, Shih-Wen Hsu1, Po-Ching Wu1, Sheng-Chi Chen3, Chih-Hsin Tsai2 and Hsing-Hua Tsai2

1Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taiwan
2AgMaterials Technology Co., Taiwan
3Department of Materials Engineering, Ming-Chi University of Technology, Taiwan

For the manufacturing of MOSFET power IC packages, a Si wafer was thinned to a thickness less than 100 µm, metalized with multi- thin films and then bonded to a substrate. Traditionally, a Ti/Ni/Ag multilayer has been widely employed for the backside metallization process. However, the most root cause occurred at the Ni/Ag interface due to the weak cohesion between Ni and Ag. In addition, TiSi intermetallic compounds might appear at the Si/Ti interface, leading to a brittle fracture of the package. In this study, a 0.5µm thin Sn film was inserted between Ni and Ag to increase the bonding strength of Ni/Ag interface, and the Ti film was replaced with a WTi film to prevent the brittle fracture at Si/Ti interface.

Additionally, Ti/WTi/Ti triple-films were also employed to improve the bonding effect of Ti with Si chips. Furthermore, conventional soldering method has been applied for the die attachment of backside treated IC chips with direct copper bonding (DBC) substrates using an expensive Au-20 Sn alloy. The melting temperature of this eutectic Au-20Sn solder (278°C) limited the operating temperature of power IC packages. A low cost Solid Liquid Inter-diffusion Bonding (SLID)technique was evaluated for the die bonding to increase the durability of the product to 400°C. For this purpose, a 4µm Sn film was deposited on the Ag surface of backside metallized Si/Ti/Ni/Ag chips and heated at 300°C for 10 min. During the SLID process, the molten Sn interlayer reacted completely with Ag film on Chip-side and Cu pad on DBC substrate to form Ag3Sn and Cu6Sn5 intermetallic phases, which have high melting points of 480°C and 415°C, respectively.

Biography:
Yan-Cheng Lin received the Ph.D. degree from the Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, in 2016. He is currently a Research & Development Engineer with the Wire Technology Co., Ltd, Taichung, Taiwan and Ag Materials Technology Co., Hsinchu, Taiwan. He has authored sixteen Science Citation Index papers on Ag-alloy bonding wire, thermoelectric modules, and optical recording thin films. His current research interests include integrated circuit bonding wire, electronic packages, thin-film technology, and thermoelectric materials.

A Smart Idea for Green Water Flooding of Oil Reservoirs at High Salinity and High Temperature

Omar Chaalal* and Hameed Mohamad

Chemical Engineering Department, Abu Dhabi University, UAE

Oil formations contain water having high salinity and/or high concentrations of divalent ions such as calcium or magnesium dissolved therein, and are additionally at temperature high temperatures. Most of the available surfactants used in oil recovery operations are either ineffective in high salinity or high hardness waters, or incapable to stand the higher temperatures encountered in many formations. A powerful natural product that improves enhance oil reservoirs recovery through the reduction of interfacial tension and increases the volumetric sweep efficiency of fractured and/or heterogeneous oil reservoirs is introduced in this invention. The novel green surfactant for EOR is extracted from Z.S.C plant and AL.VE plant. This natural agent proves to be very effective in formations containing water whose salinity is from 70,000 to 180,000 parts per million total dissolved solids and also having temperatures as high as 100° C. The agent is mixed with the formation water and is stable over a wide range of formation temperatures and water salinities and hardness values.

Biography:
Omar Chaalal is an Associate Professor of Chemical Engineering at Abu Dhabi University (ADU). Chaalal is an internationally renowned expert in the separation technologies. He is the inventor of the EnPro Process that deals with the sequestration of carbon dioxide and global warming reduction. He has undertaken several successful researches related to CO2 cleaning in Natural Gas and subsequently two patents applications have been filed for the use of this technology. The benefits of these patents were, in addition to the environmental benefits, used in the treatment of large quantities of desalinated formation water in the oil field. Chaalal has pioneered among others the use of seawater and ammonia to reduce the effect of carbon dioxide on the environment.
Chaalal was an associate professor of Chemical Engineering at Ibn Khaldun University Algeria, as well as at the United Arab Emirates University. He was the Chief Scientist of Enpro As. Norway, a member of Al Mobdioon Center of Excellence and innovation of King Abdul Aziz University (Saudi Arabia), an Advisory Board of IIB environmental Company in Japan and a member of the board of the Journal of Nature Science and Sustainable Technology (Nova Science Publisher). He has authored 50 refereed publications, 2 European patents, 1 US patent pending and 200 presentations.

Synthesis, Characterization, DFT Calculations, NLO Properties and Different Applications of Ni(II), Pd(II), Pt(II), Mo(IV) and Ru(I) Complexes with NOS Schiff Base

Samir M El-Medani1*, Rania G Mohamed1, Fatma M Elantabli1, Ayman A Abdel Aziz2 and H Moustafa3

1Department of Chemistry, Fayoum University, Egypt
2Department of Chemistry, Ain Shams University, Egypt
3Department of Chemistry, Cairo University, Egypt

Thermal reaction of Ni(NO3)2.6H2O, PdCl2, PtCl2, Mo(CO)6 and Ru3(CO)12 with the prepared Schiff base ligand N-(2-hydroxy-1-naphthylidene)-2-aminothiophenol (H2L) resulted in the formation of the five complexes; [Ni(HL)2], 1; [Pt(H2L)Cl2], 2; [Pd2(HL)2Cl2], 3; [Mo(O2)(H2L)], 4; and [Ru(CO)3(HL)], 5. The studied compounds were characterized using different spectroscopic techniques (IR, 1H NMR, mass) elemental analyses, magnetic measurement, molar conductance, and thermal analysis. Theoretical calculations based on accurate DFT approximations were used to verify the structures of ligand and complexes. Coats and Redfern method was used to compute the kinetic and thermodynamic parameters. The relative reactivities were estimated using chemical descriptors analysis. The antioxidant activity against DPPH radical was evaluated in vitro by using spectrophotometric methods; the experiments showed potent antioxidant activity. Also, the interaction of the reported compounds with calf thymus DNA (CT-DNA) by different techniques revealed that the complexes could bind to CT-DNA by intercalative mode. Antibacterial activities of the synthesized compounds have been studied against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria by the agar well diffusion. The antifungal activity of the synthesized compounds was tested using agar well diffusion method. The binding of the reported complexes to calf thymus DNA has been investigated using fluorescence and UV-Vis absorption spectra. The results indicated a much lower binding affinity of the ligand than that of the complexes.

Biography:
Dr. Samir Moustafa El-Medani is a Professor of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, from Fayoum University, Egypt. He did Bachelor of Science Degree, Department of Chemistry, Cairo University, 1967 & M. Sc. Degree in Analytical Chemistry, Ain Shams University, 1977 and Ph.D. of Science in Inorganic Chemistry, Ain Shams University, 1985.
He was a Lecturer of Chemistry Department Sanaʼa University, Assistant Professor, Chemistry Department from Cairo University, Fayoum Branch, 1993.
He is a Chief of research team concerning a project entitled “Spectroscopic Studies on the complexes resulting from the interaction of carbonyls with some transition elements pyridine derivatives” K.S.A., Umm Al-Qura University, K.S.A. And the main supervisor for several Theses in Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, have 60 international researches & Participation in the several International Conferences.

Fabrication of Dy3+ Ion Doped Nano Crystalline Y2O3 Infrared Transparent Ceramics by a Microwave Sintering Technique

Steffy Maria Jose1*, Swapna Y V2, C T Mathew3 and Jijimon K Thomas4

Department of Physics, Kerala University, Kerala

Synthesis of high quality Dy3+ ion doped Y2O3 starting powder by a modified combustion technique followed by microwave sintering technique for the fabrication of high dense infrared transparent ceramics is presented in the paper. The as-prepared nanocrystalline powders are characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD) to study their structure and phase. Dy3+ ion is added to Y2O3 matrix at different concentrations for tuning the physical properties and we have optimized a system Dy0.1Y1.9O3 exhibiting relatively improved optical thermal, and transmittance and properties. All the peaks of Dy0.1Y1.9O3 were indexed for a cubic structure with lattice parameter a = 10.623 Å. The average crystal size calculated for the sample using Debye-Scherer‘s equation, is ~7.719 nm. The Dy0.1Y1.9O3 Nanoparticles are compacted to pellets using a hydraulic pressing followed by sintering using microwave energy in a microwave furnace at an optimum temperature 1530 0C and obtained an enhanced sintered density of 98.6% of theoretical density. The well sintered pellets are subjected to micron sized fine polishing, followed by thermal etching for carrying out the morphological investigations using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The Poly crystalline Dy3+ ion doped yttria ceramics (Dy0.1Y1.9O3) shows 76% transmittance in 3-8 µm infrared regions. The result clearly indicates that Dy3+ ion doped Y2O3 sample can be effectively used to fabricate infrared transparent ceramics material.

Biography:
Ms. Steffy Maria Jose is a first year Ph.D student in Materials Science and Nanotechnology at the University of Kerala, India. Prior to her present affiliation at the University of Kerala, she earned a Masterʼs and M.Phil degree in Physics both from Mahatma Gandhi University, Kerala, India. She gained research interest during her Masterʼs and M. Phil programme in Physics and gained basic knowledge in research methodology. Currently she is doing research in the synthesis of yttria based nanoceramics and composites for their applications as infrared transparent window materials for missile applications at the Electronic Materials Research Laboratory,Department of Physics, Mar Ivanios College (Autonomous), University of Kerala.

2D Layered Pnictogenenes Rediscovered for Electrochemical Applications

Rui Gusmão*, Z. Sofer and M. Pumera

Center of Advanced Functional Nanorobots, University of Chemistry and Technology, Czech Republic

The bulk form of orthorhombic black phosphorus (BP) layered structure was first synthesized in 1914 but received sparse attention until it was rediscovered in 2014 in the new wave of 2D layered nanomaterials. Nevertheless, the development of BP applications has been hampered by its surface degradation, thus efforts to achieve effective BP passivation are ongoing. Subsequently, interest has turned onto other 2D mono-elemental monolayer structures of the pnictogens group: arsenene, antimonene and bismuthene. Their properties differ significantly upon crystal structure and delamination. It cte envisage their future applications in several research fields, such as self-propelled micro/nanodevices for on-demand delivery in electronic and biological systems.

Herein we demonstrate that aqueous shear exfoliation can be used to obtain pnictogen (P, As, Sb and Bi) exfoliated nanosheets. Morphological and chemical characterization of the exfoliated materials shows a decrease in thickness, sheet to nanosheet scale and partial oxidation due to the higher surface area. Nanosheets degradation can be minored with functionalization strategies. Electrochemical performancesare tested in terms of inherent electrochemistry and heterogeneous electron transfer. Potential energy-related applications are evaluated in the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) with shear exfoliated Sb having the best electrochemical performance overall. These findings can have a profound impact on the preparation and energy applications of pnictogen 2D materials.

Biography:
Rui Gusmão received his PhD degree in Chemistry from the University de Barcelona, Spain (2012). As a postdoctoral researcher, he firstly worked at University of Porto, Portugal, and University of Minho, Portugal. In 2016, he joined Professor Pumeraʼs group at Nanyang Technological University (Singapore). He is currently a Research Fellow at the Center for Advanced Functional Nanorobots, in Prague, Czech Republic. His research interests include the fundamental electrochemical studies of 2D layered materials for sensing and energy related application. He has authored more than 20 publications in international peer-review journals and has an h-index of 9.

Cross-Linkable Hole Transporting Materials for Solution Processed Multilayer Structure Organic Light Emitting Diodes

Kyoung Soo Yook* and Ara Ko and Dong Ha Lee

Sungkyunkwan University, South Korea

Organic light emitting diodes has multilayer structure to confine hole and electrons in the emitting layer. However, it is difficult to form a multilayer structure using a solution process; because the underlying layer can be damaged by the upper layer solvent during a conventional solution process. The solubility of the deposited film must be adjusted to form a multilayer structure in solution process. Therefore, thermally cross-linkable styrene unit was employed in the hole transporting material and could reduce solubility of hole transporting material after thermal annealing. Multilayer structure organic light emitting diodes could be fabricated using a cross-linkable hole transporting material and device showed maximum quantum efficiency of 14.5%.

Biography:
Dr. Kyoung Soo Yook is an Assistant Professor in School of Chemical Engineering at Sungkyunkwan University. He received his Ph.D. from Dankook University, in 2012. His research focused on the development of devices structures for solution and vacuum deposited phosphorescent and TADF organic light emitting.

Application of the New Computational Method to the Analysis of Micro porous Structure of the Carbonaceous and Mineral Adsorbents

Mirosław Kwiatkowski* and Jagoda Worek

AGH University of Science and Technology, Poland

The work presents the original results of a research into analyzing the micro porous structure of carbonaceous and mineral adsorbents. The calculations were carried out with the use of the new computational method with implemented original mathematical models of the adsorption on heterogeneous surfaces. The used method yield a broader range of highly reliable information on the analyzed structure and consequently constitute an alternative to the popular simple and most sophisticated method of the description of the porous structure. More specifically, reliable information is collected as to the shape and size of the analysed micropores, the type of the existing limitations on the growth clusters of adsorbate molecules, the degree of surface heterogeneity, and the distribution of adsorption energy on the surface of the analysed material. The presented research provided also reliable information on the usefulness of the employed method of porous structure description for practical technological applications and scientific research, as well as the possibilities to make practical use of the research results.

Biography:
Dr. Mirosław Kwiatkowski in 2004 obtained Ph.D. degree from the Faculty of Energy and Fuels at the AGH University of Science and Technology in Kraków (Poland), and in 2018 D.Sc. degree (habilitation) from the Faculty of Chemistry at the Wrocław University of Technology (Poland) in the discipline: chemical technology. His published work includes more than 45 papers in reputable international journals and 75 conference proceedings. He is the editor in chief of The International Journal of System Modeling and Simulation (United Arab Emirates), an associate editor of Micro & Nano Letters Journal (United Kingdom) and a member of the many editorial board of internationals journals as well as a member of the organizing and scientific committees international conferences in Europe, Asia and USA, and a regular reviewer in a reputable scientific journals.

Ultrasonic Bonding of Annealing Twinned Ag-alloy Ribbons with DBC Substrates for High Power IC Packaging

Chun-Hao Chen1*, Tung-Han Chuang1*, S W Hsu1, C Y Lin1, H M Chang1, Y C Lin2, C H Tsai2 and H H Tsai2

1Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taiwan
2Wire Technology Co., LTD, Taiwan

Although aluminum thick wires and ribbons have been used for the interconnections between power IC chips and direct bonded copper (DBC) substrates, their low melting temperature limits the application in high power IC packages. Copper ribbon bonding was considered as an alternative material for aluminum wire and ribbon due to its high melting point and low electrical resistivity. However, the hardness of copper can cause damage to the metallization on IC chips and DBC substrates. In addition, the Cu ribbon tail at the stitch bond can be pulled up and detached. The ultrasonic bonding of Ag-alloyribbonson DBC substrates metalized with Ni/Pd and Ni/Pd/Au films was evaluated for substitution of Al and Cu ribbons. The microstructure of such Ag-alloy ribbons has an ultra-high twin density of over 65%, which improves their mechanical strength without degrading the electrical conductivity. The results indicated that sound interfaces with satisfactory bonding forces of 1483 g and 1243 g can be obtained for the bonding of 100 µm thick pure Ag and Ag-4Pd ribbons on Ni/Au metalized DBC substrates, respectively. The bonding of Ag-4Pd alloy ribbons with thicknesses of 80 and 100 µm on the DBC substrates metalized with Ni/Pd and Ni/Pd/Au also showed sufficient pull strengths of 1283 g and 1247 g, respectively.

Biography:
Chun-Hao Chen received a B.S. degree in Department of Material Science and Engineering from National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, in 2013 and a M.S. degree from the National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, in 2015. He is pursuing a Ph.D. degree at the Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan. He has published 3 SCI papers on Ag-alloy electronic bonding wire. His research interests include IC bonding wire, electronic packages, and IC processes.

Assessment of the Mechanical Properties of Marble and Granite Dust - High Impact Polystyrene Composites

Mohamed Ibrahim

Ain Shams University, Egypt

Experimental work has been carried out to study the effect of adding marble and Granite dust (MGD) on the mechanical properties of high impact polystyrene (HIPS). The selected wt. % of MGD was 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60. MGD was chemically treated by adding 2 wt. % stearic acid in an attempt to prevent agglomeration of the dust particles. Mechanical tests were carried out according to the ASTM standards to assess the bending strength and impact strength for both treated and untreated MGD-HIPS composites and also, Vickers hardness test was conducted. SEM analysis was also performed to interpret the results achieved throughout different tests.

Elaboration and Characterization Structural of Chromium Substituted Magnesium Spinal Ferrite

K Sabri1, A Rais1, A Addou1, K Taibi2, M Moreau3 and B Ouddane3

1Department of Process Engineering, University of Mostaganem, Algeria
2Materials Science and Engineering Laboratory, USTHB, Algeria
3University of Science and Technology, France

The standard double sintering ceramic technique at 1100 °C for 12h was used to prepare samples of MgCrxFe2-xO4 at compositions of x = 0, 0.2, 0.5, 0.7 and 1 The ingredient materials were analytical high purity grade MgO, Fe2O3 and Cr2O3(BDH). The details of samples preparation are described elsewhere. The single-phase spinel structure was confirmed by the XRD spectra of these samples obtained with a PANalytical XʼPert Pro diffractometer using CuKα radiation (λ¼1.5406 Å) The scansʼ ranges were kept the same for all samples 2θ=20–100° using a step size of 0.01° with sample time of 10 s. For recording IR spectra, samples were prepared by mixing with KBr then hydraulically pressing at 10tons/cm2 in a cylindrical disc. The IR measurements of the prepared samples were recorded at room temperature in the range from 400 cm-1 up to 1000 cm-1 using a Nicolet iS10 FT-IR spectrophotometer. The Raman spectra were recorded using a commercial LABRAM-HR spectrometer equipped with a CCD detector and liquid nitrogen cooled. It has 800 mm focal length and is equipped with a grid of 600 t/mm enabling spectral resolution of 1 cm-1/pixel. The Raman measurements were carried out using a laser source of 632.8 nm and the optical intensity at the sample surface was kept at 0.1 mW to avoid damaging. The microstructure and sample morphology were examined with an analytical scanning electron microscope (ASEM) JEOL; JSM6360. The ASEM is coupled with an energy dispersive system (EDS) for elementary composition analysis of samples.

Conclusion: The characterization of MgCrxFe2-xO4 ferrites system prepared by the conventional solid state reaction with double sintering at 1100 °C shows that:

1. Rietveld refinement of XRD patterns validate the cubic spinel structure in space group Fd3m over the whole composition range from x=0 to x=1.
2. The Rietveld refined cell parameters decrease with increasing chromium content and the lattice constant appears to obey Vegardʼs law.
3. The FT-IR spectra indicate two main absorption bands, a high band (580–610 cm-1) for tetrahedral (A) sites and a lower band (400–410 cm-1) for octahedral [B] sites, thus confirming the single phase spinal structure.
4. For all compositions, Raman spectra show the five active modes A1g+E1g+3T2g of the motion of O2 ions and both the A-site and B-site ions.
5. The frequencies trend with chromium content of both FT-IR and Raman spectra presents a shift toward higher values for all modes.

Analyis by AES and EELS Spectroscopy of InPO4 and In2O3 Developed on InP Substrate

Hamaida Kheira

University Center BELHADJ Bouchaïb, Algeria

The indium oxide In2O3 and InPO4 are the transparent conducting ovidés (T.C.O) appropriate to several applications in optoelectronic field.

The irradiation by 4keV Energy on the InP substrate led to genereate two oxides such as InPO4 and In2O3. Developed on the InP. Owing the both methods of Analyis, Auger Electron Spectroscopy (AES) and Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy (EELS) thy can detected the presence of these oxides. When using the treatments by Casa XPS and webPlotDigezer softwares, the quantities of InPO4 and In2O3 have been estimated according to the time of electron irradiation.

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