Department of Chemistry, University of Oldenburg, Germany
Common indentation analyses suffer from iterations, polynomials, and approximations, in order to get along with an incorrect description of the force-depth curve. There is not the “quadratic relation”, also assumed in FE-simulations, but a simple undeniable one-page physical deduction proves the empirically found FN = k h3/2-relation. It opposes counter-physical ISO 14577 that violates the first energy law with faulty hardness and elastic modulus (values and dimension, also falsely claiming Youngʼs modulus!) and cannot detect phase transition under load. All types of materials should now be characterized with Hphys (0.8 k : penetration resistance from >3 or >4 nines regression correlation) with the correct dimension (it is the first physically defined hardness ever) and with the not iterated indentation modulus Er-phys. The correct mathematically clear physics offers unexpected applications of nano- and macro-indentation data. Some of these are detection of surface effects and phase changes under load, including their transformation energy and activation energy, all with simple algebra. It includes the determination of correct adsorption energies and should correct all mechanical properties that are still derived from the faulty “HISO” and “EISO” suppositions. This adds increased precision. Clearly, daily life is still at risk as long as counter-physical ISO Standards are not changed: When suppressing basic physical laws, materials fail despite security by not properly fitting together, or because industrial indentations do not exclude multiple phase-transitions, creating interfaces as nucleation sites for cracks that might end catastrophically. The correct physics is of course promising. It requires acknowledgement and further development.
Biography:
Dr. Gerd Kaupp studied chemistry at the University of Würzburg, Germany and was postdoc at Ames, Iowa, Lausanne, and Freiburg i. Br, from where he became associate professor and since 1982 full professor at the University of Oldenburg. He served as guest professor and is now retired and consulting. His expertise is in chemical kinetics, laser photochemistry, waste-free productions, solid-state chemistry, mechanochemistry, atomic force microscopy AFM, scanning near-field optical microscopy SNOM, indentation, standardization in nano-mechanics. He has been keynote speaker in these fields, published numerous scientific papers and books and is inventor of patents in solid-state and environmental chemistry.
United States Military Academy at West Point, USA
Mechanical Engineering requires a robust course(s) in Materials Science since it deals with energy as well as mechanical systems. As we had demonstrated in early sixties the lack of appropriate materials for power generation in space, current energy systems also lack the most appropriate materials for acceptable levels of efficiency, such as in gas and steam turbine blades, photovoltaics and fuel cells. With the development of nano-mechanics, we had hoped that materials on demand and in the form that they could be used would have been developed. So far this has not proven to be the case. As a mechanical engineer, we have very specific requirements to accomplish our design and products. The availability of such materials is very important for the user of the design. These facts make it very desirable to have the appropriate lectures, courses and textbooks for the undergraduate student. We have to make sure that we can excite them so that they pursue graduate work where they design, build and create new systems. In order to achieve this excitement in the student, we must use the best available textbooks, create experiences in well-developed laboratories and permit creativity even if the initial try fails. We must teach them to learn by their mistakes and support them in their search for creative ways of doing designs.
In all institutions that I have been associated with, I have pushed for as many hours as the curriculum would permit to add course(s) in materials science. It does not take much to appreciate the fact that without the appropriate materials, our designs are also not very good. If we could just have the materials for gas-steam turbine blades that could withstand ten-twenty-thirty degrees more, the overall efficiencies will increase thus preserving the fuel resources. For future generations this is a must. Investment in research and development is a must. Government spending on research is a must. Creative design of products is a must. Meaningful teaching/research is a must. We do have challenges ahead of us!
Biography:
Dr. Ozer Arnas was educated at Robert College-Istanbul, BSME 1958, Duke University, MSME and North Carolina State University, PhD. He started his academic career at Louisiana State University, 1962, where he is now a Professor Emeritus, 1985. He also taught at the California State University System, 1986-1996. He spent his sabbatical leaves at BogaziciUniversity-Istanbul, University of Liege-Belgium, Eindhoven University of Technology-the Netherlands, University of Padova-Italy, University of Sao Paolo-Brazil and Abo Akademi-Turku, Finland. He has been a Professor at the United States Military Academy at West Point-New York since 1998. He is the author/co-author of over one hundred eighty publications and has a US Patent.
1AGH University of Science and Technology, Poland
2Department of Chemistry, Bülent Ecevit University, Turkey
Adsorption processes are among the widespread applications of Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs), which found employment in: removal of harmful substances such as heavy metals from liquid and gaseous streams, storage and sequestration of gases such as carbon dioxide, methane and hydrogen as well as in separation and purification of gases and others. The performance and applicability of MOFs in mentioned processes among others depend on the high specific surface area and adsorption capacity. In this work adsorption properties of N2, CO2 and CH4 on Basosiv M050 sample were determined by a volumetric method. The adsorbed volume values with respect to relative pressure were obtained for all of the gases. The nitrogen adsorption isotherms were studied at 77 K, and carbon dioxide and methane adsorption isotherms were studied at 273 K. The BET and Langmuir surface areas of the samples were determined using N2 adsorption isotherms. Adsorption capacities for CO2 and CH4 are also calculated from their isotherm analysis. Additionally, the new numerical method with the unique fast multivariant identification procedure was employed for the analysis of the adsorption process on a specific type of a MOF sample, Basosiv M050. The proposed tools permit the gathering of a broader spectrum of information on the analyzed structure of MOFs materials and the adsorption processes taking place on their surface as compared with the others methods. Additionally the proposed method with unique numerical procedure can be a good starting point for the development of more advanced tools.
Biography:
Dr. Miroslaw Kwiatkowski in 2004 obtained Ph.D. degree from the Faculty of Energy and Fuels at the AGH University of Science and Technology in Krakow (Poland), and in 2018 D.Sc. degree from the Faculty of Chemistry at the Wroclaw University of Technology (Poland). His published work includes more than 45 papers in reputable international journals and 80 conference proceedings. Dr. hab. eng. Miroslaw Kwiatkowski is the editor in chief of The International Journal of System Modeling and Simulation (United Arab Emirates), an associate editor of Micro & Nano Letters Journal (United Kingdom) and a member of the editorial board of internationals journals as well as a member of the organizing and scientific committees many international conferences.
1SJSU Physics and Astronomy, USA
2SETI Institute, USA
3NASA Ames, USA
We study O-1 earthquake-like precursor effects [1,2] by analyzing Muon-Spin-Resonance (mSR) MgO data using Maximum Entropy (MaxEnt). [3,4] Due to its presence in the Earthʼs crust, MgO is ideal for studying these features: O-1 (or positive-hole) formation results from a 2-stage break-up in an oxygen anion pair under elevated temperatures or high-pressure conditions. [2] As temperature increases above room temperature (RT) a small percentage is predicted to produce an O-1 state. MaxEnt analysis of transverse field (TF) (100-Oe) mSR data of a pure 3N-MgO single crystal show a broad Gaussian signal at 1.36 MHz and a sharp signal at 1.4 MHz. In MgO, the muon localizes in a vacant oxygen tetrahedron, as positive muons probe near negative O ions. For MgO, MnO and AL2O3, TF-mSR data show only the expected μ+O-2 Gaussian signal. In MgO, an additional sharp 1.4-MHz signal has been seen, strongly suggesting the existence of extended O-1 states. [1,2] We have fitted MaxEnt-μSR transforms of MgO to obtain an empirical description. Their temperature dependences above RT appear to be positive-hole effects. The O-valency effects, related to earthquake-like precursors, are discussed.
Biography:
Dr. Carolus Boekema Professor Emeritus of Physics at San Jose State University (SJSU). His field of Research includes Magnetism in Cuprate Superconductors; Rare O[-1] ions in MgO (earthquake-like precursors); Modeling Frustration in Condensed Matter. He is Nominee, American Physical Society, Faculty Undergraduate Research 2017 Award, SJSU Faculty Mentor Awards 2017, 2013 & 2005; APS Far West Section (co-Founder) Grant support PIPD & coPI: ~1.7 M$; 111 refereed student-coauthored publications, including two Phys Rev Lett, two Phys Rev B Rapid Comm, and eight invited papers.
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