Peoplesʼ Friendship University of Russia, Russia
Using synergy concepts, the role of geochemical barriers (GCB) as an obligatory component of aquatic systems (AS) is shown. This is a fundamentally new approach to identify the role of GCB in the formation of the AS structure and substance flows. Models of identification and transformation of the processes of AS formation and material-energy flows through GCB are developed.
Objects of analysis: AS of Lake Chokrak (Kerch Peninsula, unique salt lake, springs, mud volcano, hydrobionts complex, grass vegetation and soil in the zone of constant influence of the lake), marginal filters of the Northern Dvina and Aojian rivers.
Processes in the AS were analyzed using data on marker substances - polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, PAHs (toxic, stable, clearly indicate a natural or technogenic pollution source). Indicators of the AS evolution intensity are changes in entropy, enthalpy and Gibbs energy of PAHs. Data were processed using multivariate statistical methods.
For the various AS components, the leading factors determining the accumulation of PAHs have been highlighted, i.e.: for aquatic environments (solubility > Gibbs energy > hydrophobicity of PAHs); for lower hydrobionts (solubility > Gibbs energy), etc. The series of PAHs migration and accumulation activity were obtained. It has been shown that living matter plays an extremely important role in the evolution of AS.
Different types of barriers are characterized by significant differences in the intensity of accumulation and permeability for marker compounds. The role of GCB is multifaceted; they form the geochemical appearance of natural and man-made dynamic systems and their evolution.
The material has been prepared in the framework of the 5-100 project, financially supported by the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation (the Agreement № 02.A03.21.0008).
Biography:
Dr. Aleksandr Khaustov is currently working as professor of the Department of applied ecology at Peoplesʼ Friendship University of Russia. His Research interests are geoecology, hydrogeology, hydrogeochemistry, self-organization processes in geo-systems, nature management and environmental safety in oil& gas complex. His Research projects are on: hydrogeology, geoecology and nature management, IT for environmental safety, modeling of technogenic pollutions, environmental management; joint research and educational projects with universities in China, Mongolia, the USA and Germany.
Dr. Margarita Redina is Dean of the Ecological Faculty, Peoplesʼ Friendship University of Russia. Her Research interests are geoecology, nature management, modelling of geosystems. Research projects on: geoecology, nature management, IT for environmental safety, environmental management.
Sungkyunkwan University, Republic of Korea
Soil moisture measurement using cosmic-ray sensor can provide hectometer scale soil moisture and extended understanding of the spatial distribution in soil moisture networks. The cosmic-ray neutron probe can be converted to average volumetric soil water content through calibration based on the samples of soil water content directly observed from in-situ within the footprint of the Cosmic ray sensor (CRS). However, soil moisture estimation using CRS is not enough to reproduce the dynamics in soil moisture at complex terrain and not fully validated. In particular, hydrogen pools from several factors of mountainous terrain such as the coexistence of various vegetation make correction more difficult. This study compared the universal calibration function and N0- calibration functions for a CRS in mountainous terrain. To evaluate the calibration functions, CRS was installed on flux tower station with rainfall measurement. The footprint of this CRS has nine frequent domain reflectometry (FDR) sensors for calibration buried at 10 cm intervals from 10 cm to 40 cm. Two calibration functions described soil moisture well during study period, but both functions couldnʼt catch the sudden volatility of soil moisture by big rainfall event. This study may extend the application of a cosmic-ray sensor to mountainous terrain and contribute to improve the accuracy of soil moisture networks.
Biography:
Jaehwan Jeong has received his masterʼs degree in 2017 and currently pursuing for his Ph. D. degree at Sungkyunkwan University, Korea. The subject of the master thesis is estimation of soil moisture using TVDI and also trying to construct the soil moisture network in Korea. Currently, he is working as an author and co-author in various papers applying soil moisture and evapotranspiration.
Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, India
Topography of the 410 and 660 discontinuities bordering the Mantle Transition Zone provides information on the thickness of the Mantle Transition Zone. This information can help address several geological properties like water content and thermal status of the Mantle transition zone and geodynamic questions like genesis of mantle plumes and fate of subducting slabs. To address questions regarding the northern limit of the northward advancement of the Indian slab and as to whether the slab extends to the Bangong–Nujiang suture (BNS) present in Central Tibet, this work has been carried out.
The image of Mantle Transition Zone (MTZ) structure beneath the Central-Tibet region by applying three-dimensional Common Depth Point (CDP) stacking technique of receiver function for 120 broadband stations of two profiles located in my study area. From this data set, 1614 high-quality receiver functions are generated which are of teleseismic events that have an epicentral distance of 30° to 90° and magnitude greater than 4.5 Mb. Common Depth Point (CDP) stacking of all receiver functions resolves Mantle Transition Zone (MTZ), which appears thicker in Southern Tibet region from 28.5° to 31°, mainly due to subduction of Indian Plate beneath the Tibetan plate. A slight thickening of Mantle Transition Zone is also observed in Central-Tibet from 32.5°N to 33.5°N mainly due to depression of 660 discontinuity which in turn may be attributed to the presence of mantle lithosphere of the Eurasian plate.
Biography:
Krishn Kant Sharma pursuing BS-MS dual degree at Department of Earth Sciences (DES) in Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata. He is recipient of the Innovation in Science Pursuit for Inspired Research (INSPIRE) fellowship from 2014-2019 funded by the Department of Science and Technology (DST), India. He is a Physics and Computer programming enthusiast since his school days and after getting introduced to earth sciences, he was fascinated by Geophysics and its applications. Therefore, currently, he is working on upper mantle discontinuities beneath the Tibet at Seismic Tomography Lab, IISER Kolkata.
Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, India
The Indo-Gangetic Plain is the seismically most vulnerable region due to high density of human population and presence of thick sediments that amplify the seismic waves due to an earthquake in the region. The Nepal Earthquake that occured on April 2015 with magnitude greater than 7.8 Mw affected more than 22000 people in that vicinity. We investigate the sedimentary structure and crustal thickness of the Kathmandu region through inversion of the receiver function time series at 30 broadband seismograph locations. Results show sedimentary layer thicknesses of ~6.0 km in the southern side of Kathmandu till Gadhimai region. A crustal thickness varies from ∼37 in the Southern part of Kathmandu to ∼57 km in the Northern Part of the Kathmandu and Vp/Vs ratio of ~1.86. The thick pile of sediments observed in our study region along with high population with poor construction, significantly amplifies the earthquake ground motion and hence produces large damage due to a moderate earthquake which can be mitigated by our studies.
Biography:
Saiteja Kuruva is currently pursuing the final year of BS-MS dual degree from the prestigious Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER)-Kolkata. He is also holder of DST INSPIRE fellowship provided by the Government of India. As a Programming and Data Science Enthusiast, he has chosen Geophysics as his majors, most recent research accomplished on “Study of Sediment and Moho Topography beneath Himalaya” which he is interested to continue working on in near future by attending these conferences and exchange thoughts, values and knowledge with the pioneers of Geosciences department.
University in Fes, Morocco
The Eastern High Atlas is ENE-WSW mountain range that manifests large sedimentary carbonate platform. It is characterized by the existence of huge enliers as Mougeur and Tamlelt, where the tectonics is assigned by the passing of two major accidents that limit the northern and southern border of this Hercynean domain.
The present work focalize in its entirety the study of Tamelalt mineralization, where the multi-phazed deformation is well expressed by Geological, Geodynamical and Metallogenical complexities, favoriting the establishment of different mineralization forms.
In Tamlelt, at the level of the Neoporteozoicgranodioritic intrusion of Menhouhou and the Cambro-Ordovician schistes and argillites of Zelmou, the deposition system shows a shallow marine environment. However, the tectonic style is manifested by the passing of Menhouhou Fault that cross cut this Panafrican and Hercynean basement. Note that the brittle deformations that affect the area let the outcropping of lie-de-vin series formed by interbeded pinky limstones and Sandstone, with large volcanoclasitic deposits.
Stand of point structuring, the whole area is related to N-S shearing, that assign the placement of several mineralization kind of precious and base metals (Au, Ag, Fe, Cu, Ba). Indeed, the geological field investigation shows that the repartition of the mineralization is controlled by weathering process that determines the reduced or the oxided altered zone in the lithostratigraphic column. We note that the N80° direction is characterized by copper mineralized quartz veins, precisely as kind of Malachite, occurred principally in the Neoproterozoic series, where it reflects a supergene alteration of the clastic rocks, accompanied by precious metals enrichment.
In fact, going up in the lithostratigraphic column, the Acadian shale shows a very important barite mineralization that manifest in the form of veins along N75°, N80° and N90° direction. These faults are materialized on the ground by crushed zones or brrecheas. Along the mirrors of these later the mineralization is well expressed where the northern part contains a pure white barite and the southern zone assign a ferruginous barite associated to siderites, ankerite, sepecularite.
At the level of El Houanit, located in the extreme NE of the Neoproterozoic intrusion of Menhouhou, the antimony mineralization is encased the Middle Cambrian green schists, where takes the form of stibineansbindheimite disseminated in N80° quartz veins. The studies of the thin sections of the mineralized facies indicate the existence of dispersed sub-automorphic gold between stibinticmatrixe. Elsewhere the geochemical studies determines antimony and gold anomalies commonly associated to an important content of lead, copper and silver that is related to the Atlasic mineralization events.
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