1Wageningen University, Netherlands
2UNESCO-IHE Institute for Water Education, Netherlands
3Can Tho University, Vietnam
The aim of this paper is via the lens of ‘agenda settingʼ to explore the degree of convergence/divergence between the development agendas for the Mekong Delta as prevalent among key stakeholder groups and as embedded within the recent developed Mekong Delta Plan (MDP). The MDP sets out a strategic agenda for the development choices of the Vietnamese Mekong Delta (VMD) that is economic attractive, climate adaptive and environmental sustainable. This agenda at times consciously and explicitly departs from historic trends and current practices and practically explores the options and opportunities available within the delta to confront the challenges imposed by climate change and economic uncertainty. In order to trace historical embeddedness and institutional and policy inertia, a brief historical analysis of development trajectories is conducted against which stakeholdersʼ expressed goals can be reflected. Four groups have been discerned and approached: (1) policy-makers; (2) national experts; (3) practitioners; (4) international donors. Whereas a clear convergence of agendas between stakeholdersʼ agendas and the MDP can be discerned, these are certainly not uniform and to the same degree across all stakeholders - nuanceations and divergences can be found across all groups, divergence is also clearly prevalent. The latter can be traced to institutional affiliation and geographical position (situated in or outside the delta). As far as strategic delta planning and political agenda setting are concerned, the MDP has certainly made inroads in aligning political development agendas, but this is not uniform and across the board, and as such not a done deal yet.
Keywords: Mekong Delta Plan, strategic delta planning, political agenda setting, convergence - divergence.
Biography:
Dr. Vo Thi Minh Hoang has experienced 7 years being a lecturer at the University of Science, Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City and 2 years being a researcher at the Center of Water Management and Adapting to Climate Change (WACC) – Vietnam National University. Currently, she is a PhD candidate who works as a part of UDW (Urbanizing delta of the Word) – Integrated project on “Strengthening strategic delta planning process in the Netherlands, Bangladesh, Vietnam and beyond”, mainly based on Wageningen University. Her PhD research will focusing on the changes in approaches and related innovative solutions to flood management in long-term Mekong delta processes.
1China University of Petroleum, China
2University of Sargodha, Pakistan
Digenesis has a significant impact on reservoir quality in deeply buried formations. Sandstone unit (Es1 Member) of Nanpu Sag, Bohai Bay Basin, is a typical deeply buried sandstone with large hydrocarbons accumulation. The methodology includes core and thin section observation, Fluorescence, Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), cathode luminescence (CL), fluid inclusion and isotope testing and electron probing analysis as well as quantitative determination of reservoir characteristics. The sandstones of the study area are medium to coarse-grained, moderate to well sorted lithic arkose and feldspathic litharenite. Porosity and permeability values range from 0.5% to 30% and 0.006mD to 7000mD respectively. The diagenetic history reveals a mixed episode of diagenesis and deep burial followed by uplift. Main diagenetic events include compaction, cementation alteration, dissolution of unstable minerals and grains fracturing. Diagenetic modifications were dependent on grains composition, and burial depth. Compaction resulted in densification and significantly reduced the primary porosity. Quartz, calcite, and clay are more dominant pore occluding cement and occur as euhedral to subhedral crystals. Alteration and dissolution of volcanic lithic fragments and pressure solution of feldspar grains were the main sources of quartz cement whereas carbonate cement is derived from an external source. Clay minerals resulted from the alteration of feldspar and volcanic lithic fragments. Porosity and permeability data predicts good inverse relationship with cement. On the contrary, leaching of metastable grains, dissolution of cement and at some places formation of pore-lining chlorite enhanced the reservoir quality. Best reservoir portion is thicker sandstone bodies, medium to coarse-grained, well-sorted sandstone with low primary ductile grains and containing a small amount of calcite cement. The present study shows several diagenetic changes in the Es1 member, but the overall reservoir quality is preserved.
Biography:
Muhammad Kashif is from Pakistan. Bachelor in Geology, master in Petroleum geology, M.Phil. Sedimentology from University of the Punjab, Lahore Pakistan. And currently he studying Ph.D. in Petroleum and reservoir geology from University of Petroleum East China. Main research area is Petroleum geology, sedimentology and reservoir characteristics of clastic rock especially Chinese Basins.
University of Ibadan, Nigeria
The Muglad rift basin of interior Sudan is an integral part of the WCARS. It has undergone a polyphase development which has resulted in three major phases of extension with intervening periods (unconformities) when uplift and erosion or non-deposition have taken place. The depositional environment is nonmarine environment ranging from fluvial to lacustrine.
The basin has probably undergone periods of transtensional deformation from the rhomb fault geometry seen in the basin. Changes in plate motions have been recorded in great detail by the stratigraphy and fault geometries within the basin and the contiguous basins.
The rift basin has commercial reserve of petroleum, with both Cretaceous and Tertiary petroleum systems active. The major exploration risk is the lateral seal and locally the effect of the tectonic rejuvenation as well as tectonic inversion. In some, oilfields the volcanic rocks constitute a major challenge to seismic imaging and interpretation.
Biography:
Ahmed Hassan completed his Bachelor of Sciences (B.Sc.) in Petroleum Geology, University of Khartoum, Sudan from 2005-2010. One year on job training as Petroleum Exploration Geologist, Ministry of Petroleum, Sudan. He worked four years as Operation Geologist at China National Logging Corporation from 2011-2015. One year as a Part Timer Teaching Assistant at Geology Department, University of Khartoum, Sudan. He is currently a Master of Sciences student at Geology Department, University of Ibadan, Nigeria.
1Ruhr - University Bochum, Germany
2Shell Global Solutions International B.V., The Netherlands
Surface and near-surface oil shale occurrences are well known from central and northern Jordan. The successions are mainly composed of bituminous marls with various amounts of quartz, phyllosilicates and apatite. Previous age determinations based on benthic and planktic foraminifera dated the oil shales as late Campanian to early Maastrichtian. Recently, major deep oil shale occurrences have been discovered across the country. The discovery prompted a set of studies aiming to better understand the timing of their deposition and their environmental setting. Calcareous nannofossils revealed ages ranging from Maastrichtian to middle Eocene. Here, we present the results from core logging and petrographic analyses of Maastrichtian-Danian deposits. Two sections (190 m and 125 m) representing oil shales from the Jafr and Azraq-Hamza basins in southeast and central-east Jordan, respectively, were examined. Oil shale deposition is preceded by dolo-mudstones and burrowed phosclastic mudstones indicating a restricted, yet dynamic, inner-ramp environment. Laminated and burrowed foraminiferal mudstones and wackestones dominate the oil shale successions suggesting a calm reducing environment within the mid- to outer-ramp. The Maastrichtian-Paleogene boundary is not recorded; the Danian interval is underlain by unique layers of phosooidal grainstones. This implies sea level regression following the KPg boundary and deposition in a shallower setting. Stable isotope data (δ13Ccarb and δ18Ocarb) from both sections were examined and compared with the TOC record. Major Maastrichtian and Danian carbon excursion events were detected despite the alteration effect caused by organic matter oxidation. Meanwhile, the δ18Ocarb records reveal minor temperature changes during each of the time intervals.
Biography:
Ibtisam Beik is a doctorate candidate at the Ruhr - University Bochum, Institute for Geology, Mineralogy and Geophysics, Germany. She received her masterʼs degree in Geology from the University of Jordan. Recently, she published “Microfacies and depositional environment of Late Cretaceous to Early Paleocene oil shales from Jordan”, Arabian Journal of Geosciences (July, 2017). Her current research is mainly focused on oil shale deposits from Jordan, their sedimentology, depositional setting and environment.
Pukyong National University, South Korea
Geological CO2 sequestration is an important approach to reduce CO2 emission into the atmosphere by isolating a large amount of CO2 in underground geological formation. Such an approach involves injecting supercritical CO2 into porous formation saturated brine and causes scCO2 flooding with immiscible displacement. The displacement efficiency of CO2 in porous formation is determined by hydraulic properties of the porous media and interfacial properties of CO2 and brine in affecting CO2 migration and pore water displacement.
The objectives of this experimental study is to observe the displacement patterns of immiscible fluids through microscopic pore structure in microfluidic chips and to estimate displacement efficiency of an injecting fluid over the course of multiple drainageimbibition cycles. In this study, cyclic injection experiments by applying n-hexane used as a proxy fluid of scCO2 were conducted to investigate cyclic displacement pattern of n-hexane and water and the change of displacement efficiency according to the cycle. In order to quantitatively analyze migration of fluids by cyclic injection in pore network, the image of displacement patterns and distribution of n-hexane and pore water are acquired through an imaging system with a microscope. The experimental observation results could provide an understanding to predict the behavior and distribution of CO2 and pore water by reservoir environmental conditions and drainage-imbibition cycles.
Biography:
Seon-Ok Kim is Research Professor in Pukyong National University. She completed her Bachelor of Science in 1996 and Master of Science in 1998 at Pukyong National University. She completed her Ph.D. in Pukyong National University from 1999-2002. Her Research Fields and Interests are Applied mineralogy (medical mineralogy), Diagenetic & hydrothermal alteration of minerals andGroundwater and Hydrogeology.
Brandon University, Canada
Coal based industries have been critical to the development of the modern world and is likely to be significant in the future. The principal uses of coal are electricity generation and steel manufacture with heating and fuels making up the remainder. Use ofcoal can have some negative effects caused by the penalty elements. These elements are specific elements that occur in trace amounts but are regulated by emission standards due to the adverse effects they have on the humans and environment. Ash produced during coal combustion can cause some problems as well.
Portable x-ray fluorescence (PXRF) is a technique that has various applications in mining, environmental, oil and gas industries. This study was carried out to examine and extend the application of this analytical technique to coal samples, for the purpose of determining their ash content using geochemical proxies, without needing conventional methods. Current coal ash analytical methods are costly, destructive, time consuming, require complex sample preparation and equipment. PXRF technology allows for increased geochemical knowledge within shorter timeframes and greater cost-effectiveness. This type of geochemical analysis can also be used for the detection of penalty elements in coal.
Ash content is one of the important features of coal and it needs to be determined before using coal in any industry. High ash content coal causes boiler fouling and slagging problems. In this research, theoretical ash content was calculated for 51 sub-bituminous and bituminous coal samples sourced from New Zealand, Canada and the USA. The actual ash content of the samples ranged from 2.8% to 27.41%. Theoretical ash content was based on the PXRF results formajor constituents of coal and the various oxides that compose coal ash. Iterations of the equations used the various components were applied in order to find the greatest correlation between the theoretical and actual ash content of the coals. The optimal equation involved the summated values of 8 oxides detected in the coal. The correlation between the theoretical and actual ash content was 92% and the equation calculated, on average, the theoretical ash percentage to within 1.14% of the actual ash content of the coal samples.
Biography:
Dr. A.K. Somarin is currently the Chair of the Department of Geology at Brandon University. He done his Ph.D. in Economic Geology from 1995-1999 at University of New England, New South Wales, Australia. He done his Post-docin Economic Geology from 2004-2006 at Lakehead University, Ontario, Canada. He is an Expert and pioneer in developing uses of portable XRF in various fields of Earth and Environmental Sciences. Conducting research in application of portable XRF in hard rock mining and oil and gas exploration and production; geochemistry and petrogenesis of plutonic and volcanic rocks; ore deposit geology and hydrothermal alteration; stable isotope geochemistry.
Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources (KIGAM), Korea
During large constructions of roads or structures, unexpected acid rock drainage (ARD) can be caused by local mineralization containing sulfides in the geology. The potential of ARD occurrence of a certain area sometimes must be assessed before initiation of any engineering earth works. In this study, a new prediction protocol using a geochemical exploration survey technique of stream sediment is proposed. Sediment samples were collected at the case study area, and the contents of some major and heavy metal elements were compared according to the major geologies of the sampling points. The modified geoaccumulation indices (Igeo) of Fe, Pb and As could indicate a possible zone of pyrophyllite mineralization, which may cause the occurrence of ARD at the study area. Using the enrichment index of the three elements relative to the median values of the area, a high potential zone of ARD could be designated, which was in agreement with the laboratory ARD prediction tests of the rock samples. In the other areas with different mineralization processes, other metallic elements can be selected as indicators of the ARD potential. Likewise, the potential of the occurrence of ARD at an area can be assessed by evaluating the geochemical distributions and drawing the indicator elements for ARD through a stream sediment survey.
Biography:
Dr. Joo Sung Ahn is the Director of Geo-Environmental Hazard Research Center of KIGAM. He received Ph.D. (2000) in Environmental Geochemistry from Seoul National University, Korea. His research interests are geochemical investigation and remediation of contaminated environments. Currently, he focuses on research center operations and research project management.
1University of Warwick, UK
2Southwest Jiaotong University, China
3China Geological Survey, China
Two deadly rockslides, triggered by heavy precipitation and open-pit mining, were reported in Emei County, Sichuan Province, China, from 2011 to 2015. About 6.0 million m3 of rock detached from the upper slopes, pushed the pre-sliding deposits, and hit the opposite mountains at average velocity of 18 km/h to 36 km/h. Detailed field investigation, geological mapping and UAV aerial photographic interpretation are presented to analyze the failure mechanisms of the events. The results suggest that the high-speed consequent bedding rockslides were triggered by the failure of rock mass, which were influenced by the engineering activities and climate change. Key contributive factors were weathered and fragmented basalts that were affected by open-pit mining and frequent blasting, as well as the weak underlying tuffs with swell-shrink potential. Persistent rainfall was the direct trigger in initiating and reactivating the landslide. Water affected the slope stability by increasing the slope materialʼs unit weight and penetrating into joints and cracks to make the tuffs degrade and causing a reduction in effective stress. The mechanisms for the two landslide events, are a high-speed regressive consequent bedding (RCB) rockslide in 2011 and a reactivated high-speed advancing consequent bedding (ACB) rockslide in 2015. This paper can provide an insight into large-scale consequent bedding rockslides associated with the interaction between the rainfall and open-pit mining slopes instabilities
Biography:
Guotao Ma, PhD candidate at University of Warwick. Start 2017. Ma was born in Chengdu city, China, in 1990. He completed his Bachelor degree of Engineering in 2013 and obtained his first class Master degree of Engineering in Geological Engineering from Southwest Jiaotong University in China in 2016. His Master dissertation is focused on the reliability analysis of landslide in Tibet plateau by using Monte-Carlo simulation and numerical modelling. After his master degree, he worked as a teaching assistant in the Southwest Jiaotong University and collaborated with China Geology Survey to do some research about the failure mechanism of consequent bedding rockslides. At the same time, he visited the University of Canterbury to do academic research in New Zealand. In 2016, he was selected to attend IRALL School which was held by the state key laboratory in China. Currently, He is pursuing his PhD degree in the research direction on the reliability and stability analysis of engineering slopes and landslides
University of Warwick, United Kingdom
The paper is studied failure mechanism on the case of Yanwotou Landslide Group. The groundwater is the main cause of the unstable slope after analyzing on lithology and deformation features based on the detailed investigation. The calculation and evaluation of slope stability have been conducted under different kinds of working conditions. And the failure mechanism have been adopted according to the results. It will provide beneficial reference to the control of such kinds of unstable slope and further study of it.
Biography:
Zhiming Chao, PhD candidate at University of Warwick from 2017. Chao was born in Anhui Province, China, in 1991. He completed his Bachelor degree of Engineering Management in 2014 and obtained his first class Master degree of Engineering in Harbour, Costal and Offshore Engineering from Hohai University in China in 2017. His Master dissertation is focused on the permeability of dense rock and soil by conducting laboratory experiments and numerical modelling. Currently, He is pursuing his PhD degree in the research direction on the mechanical properties of unsaturated soil under cycle dynamic loading.
Libyan Petroleum Institute, Libya
The reservoir characteristics of the sandstones are discussed in terms of the factors influenced the reservoir quality during diagenesis processes which are cements and clays. The effects of these factors have been understood in more details during sedimentological, petrographical and scanning electron microscope studies, which indicate authigenic clays and authigenic cements, have an importance influence on the reservoirs productivity.
Authigenic clays occur as pore linings, pore fillings, and fracture fillings.
Sandstones also contain allogenic clays. Allogenic clays originate as terrigenous material (dispersed matrix, or shale clasts) or are introduced subsequent to deposition as a result of bioturbation or infiltration. An authigenic origin can be established on the basis of clay composition, morphology and sandstone textural properties. Distinctions between authigenic and allogenic clays become difficult if either is extensively deformed by burial or tectonism. Studies of authigenic clays utilizing a combination of thin-section, scanning electron microscope, and x-ray diffraction show that each of the major clay groups exhibit a limited number of distinctive morphologies.
Smectite occurs as highly wrinkled pore linings. Kaolinite most commonly form pore-filling books of stacked pseudohexagonal flakes. Chlorite occurs primarily as pore-lining pseudohexagonal flakes, or rosette arrangement.
These types of clays blocked the primary and secondary pores and affected the reservoir potential by converting intergranular macro pores to micro porosity and reducing permeability. Quartz Overgrowth considered the most important type of authigenic cements that affects the pores in this study as result of dissolution of Silica that released by one or more diagenetic processes that apparently are controlled by temperature with time and re-deposit in other location as overgrowth cement. This kind of cement blocked the pore space and affected the reservoir quality.
It is recommended to give these authigenic minerals more investigation in future studies since they have essential influence on potential of sandstones reservoirs.
Biography:
Mohamed Rahoma is a sedimentologist. He works for Libyan Petroleum Institute since 2004 in geology department. He participated in many sedimentological studies of many oil companies operating in the country for the purpose of evaluating the oil capabilities of their reservoirs. He got a chance to improve his experience in geology of reservoirs when his company sent him to Durham University in United Kingdom in 2010. He have also visited many outcrops in the country for research studies projects which his department did in order to correlate the outcrop formation with subsurface formation for different oil fields.
Afyon Kocatepe University, Turkey
Heybeli geothermal area is located at 25 km southeast of Afyonkarahisar province (West Anatolia/Turkey). It is one of the most important geothermal sites in the region. There are one thermal spring and eight thermal wells, were drilled by governmental agencies and private companies, with a depth between 240 to 650 meters. Thermal water has been utilised for greenhouse heating and thermal tourism. Temperature and electrical conductivity (EC) values of thermal waters are within the range of 29.3°C to 54.7°C and 587 to 3580 μmho/cm, respectively. Thermal waters are of the Na-Ca-HCO3 and Na-Ca-HCO3-SO4 type.
The basement rocks in the study area are Paleozoic aged Afyon metasedimentary group, consisting of schists and recrystallized limestones. This basement is overlain by Senozoic marl-conglomerate-sandstone-mudstone, trachyandesite and alluvium units. Limestones are dark gray coloured, properly medium and thick bedded. The XRD studies show that the rock is entirely composed of calcite mineral. It has been observed in polarizing microscope studies that the calcite minerals are in a microcrystalline structure and ferrous melts locally migrate along fracture-crack planes. XRF analyzes have shown that the rock contains about 55% CaO and some elements such as Na-Fe-Al-Si are present in the rock in small quantities. These carbonate rocks, controlled by faults and karstic structures, offer reservoir rock properties for the thermal waters in the region. The meteoric waters percolate through to these carbonate rocks via by majör faults and fractures, then heated with geoterhmal gradient and ascend to the surfaces as thermal waters.
Keywords: Heybeli, geothermal, reservoir rock, mineralogy and petrography
Biography:
Ahmet Yıldız is a Professor in the Department of Geological Engineering, Engineering Faculty at the Afyon Kocatepe University. He completed his undergraduate and Ph.D. at Suleyman Demirel University. His research interests lie in the area of ore deposits, geochemistry, geothermal and petrography of marble deposits. He is instructor for properties and analyses methods of industrial minerals, exploration techniques of ore deposits and geothermal. He is still the Dean of Engineering Faculty. He is married and has two children.
1Afyon Kocatepe University, Turkey
2Earthquake Research and Implementation Center of Afyon Kocatepe University, Turkey
3Dokuz Eylül University, Turkey
4Departmentof Geomatics Engineering, Afyon Kocatepe University, Turkey
Aksehir-Simav Fault System which is one of the major seismogenic sources of western Anatolia, contains a number of discreteactive normal fault zones trending NW-SE. These fault zone shave caused the formation of grabens, such as NW-SEtrending Afyon-Akşehir Graben (AAG) representing the southeastern part of Akşehir-Simav Fault System. Historical and instrumental earthquake records suggest the existence of a large number of earthquakes that created surface ruptures in thissystem. The lastestone of themoccurred on 3 February 2002 (Mw: 6.5and 6.0) in 130 km-long AAG. The epicenters were located in the middlepart of the graben, south of Bolvadin city. Northern border of the graben is controlled by NE-SW-trending, 15-km-long active Bolvadin normal fault. One of the prominent examples of surface deformations that have been formed without a destructive earthquake failure since last 10-20 years in the western Anatolia, observed in Bolvadin settlementarea. Alongthe NE-SW-striking progressive surface deformations whose length varies between 800 metersand 3 kilometers, vertical displacements vary between 10-50 cm. Inthisstudy, we mapped that surface deformations at a scale of 1/5000 and performed the trench-based palaeoseismological investigations on the eformationline in order to find out the effect of active tectonism on the formation of surface deformations. Trench studies reveals that surface deformations follow the previous Holoceneruptures of Bolvadin Fault. According to the paleoseismologic and geodesic data, measured rates of vertical offset in Bolvadin is 8.5 and 7.1 cm/y, respectively.This study is supported by the Scientific and Technical Research Council of Turkey (TÜBİTAK, projectno: 115Y246) and partly by Afyon Kocatepe University Scientific Research (BAP) Project of 16.KARIYER.167.
Keywords: West Anatolia, Afyon Akşehir Graben, Bolvadin Fault, Tectoniccreep, palaeoseismology
Biography:
Çağlar Özkaymak is a Turkish geologist. His training is in geology, active tectonics, paleoseismology and tectonic geomorpholgy. After graduating from the Hacettepe University, Turkey in 2000, he recevied his master of science degree from the Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversity, Turkey in 2003. He completed his doctorate at Dokuz Eylül University, Turkey in 2012, under the supervision of Dr. Hasan Sözbilir with a thesis on “Active TectonicsandSeismicity of the Manisa Basin, Western Anatolia, Turkey”. Dokuz Eylül University honored him with Science Honour Award and Publication Honour Award in 2012. He is also being awarded the 2011 year Golden Hammer Research Award by the Chamber of Geological Engineers of Turkey for their work on a paleoseismology of the Manisa Fault Zone, Manisa, Turkey. He also worked and studied geosciences in some top rated universities around the world, including Université Blaise Pascal, France, Universität Bern, ETH Zurich, Switzerland. Çağlar Özkaymak is currently on the faculty at Afyon Kocatepe University Department of Geological Engineering as associate professor of Geology. He is also a director of the Earthquake Research and Application Center of Afyon Kocatepe University since 2015.
1Afyon Kocatepe University, Turkey
2Dumlupınar University, Turkey
3Center of Application and Research of Geothermal-Mineral Water and Ore Deposits, Afyon Kocatepe University, Turkey
One of the well-known marble sites in Turkey outcrops around the İscehisar, Afyonkarahisar region, which is also one of the major marble production and processing centre in Turkey. The İscehisar marbles is Paleozoic in age and was formed as a result of regional metamorphism. On the other hand, little focus has been on middle-upper Triassic aged Büyük Karabağ marble, outcropping 55 km east of Bolvadin city in Afyonkarahisar, with respect to the geological and mechanical properties. The aim of this study is to reveal the geological, mineralogical-petrographical, geochemical, physical and mechanical properties of Büyük Karabağ marbles by using the polarized light microscope and methods of major element analyses, volumic mass, density, water absorption, porosity, compressive strength and strength tests after natural freezing effects. Finding indicates that N55W/30NE-directed marble beds have white, greyish white, green and cream colors and include yellowish fissures, the stratified structure. Büyük Karabağ marble beds have variable thickness of 6cm and 3m. The polarized light microscope studies show that marble is mainly made up of calcite crystals with a granoblastic texture and include accessory minerals such as limonite, hematite and chlorite. The type, quantity and distribution of these accessory minerals change colours and appearances of marbles. The CaO content ranges between %44.72 and 48.06; MgO %4.18 and 10.97; total Fe2O3 %2.21 and 4.72; SiO2 %0.21 and 4.20 in Büyük Karabağ marbles. According to calculations in this study, volumic mass is 2.71gr/cm3, density is 2.73gr/cm3, the percent of water absorption is %0.31, the percent of porosity is %0.51, compressive strength is 505, 76kg/cm2, strength after natural freezing effects is 486, 44kg/cm2 and the percent of weight loss after natural freezing test is %0.12. Our results suggest that Büyük Karabağ marble has similar properties with İscehisar marble in context of geological characteristics, reserve, mineralogical-petrographical, geochemical, physical and mechanical features and have a potential to become an alternative marble production centre to the İscehisar.
Biography:
Ahmet Yıldız is a Professor in the Department of Geological Engineering, Engineering Faculty at the Afyon Kocatepe University. He completed his undergraduate and Ph.D. at Suleyman Demirel University. His research interests lie in the area of ore deposits, geochemistry, geothermal and petrography of marble deposits. He is instructor for properties and analyses methods of industrial minerals, exploration techniques of ore deposits and geothermal. He is still the Dean of Engineering Faculty. He is married and has two children.
1Afyon Kocatepe University, Turkey
27th Regional Directorate of State Railways, Turkey
I scehisar marbles located within Afyonmetasedimanter rocks are found as two lenses in approximately 3.5 km KD of Iscehisar district. Iscehisar Marble is very important in terms of marble sector of our country. Iscehisar Marbles processing BC 3000 began in the Roman Empire period, especially after the 1980s as a result of the development of technological development of marble production has been observed in the region. Iscehisar Marbles are located in the form of lenses in the schists in the north east of Afyonkarahisar province. The basement rocks of the region consist of Paleozoic aged schists. Iscehisar Marbles are located on these basement rocks. According to the difference in colour and texture, the production of marble types known as Kaplan, Gray, Violet, Honey and Sugar is performed.
In the scope of the study, unit volume weight (%), apparent density (%), water content (%), water absorption (%), porosity (%), void ratio (%), ultrasonic (m / and resistance (%). In addition, mechanical tests such as uniaxial compressive strength (MPa), point loading, bending strength, abrasion resistance and mass after freeze-thawing and pressure loss test were performed on samples representing marble levels. According to the physico-mechanical findings obtained, Iscehisar marbles are suitable to be used as floor stone and covering stone in indoor and outdoor areas according to TS EN 1910, TS EN2513 and TS EN 10449 test standards.
Biography:
MetinBağcı is a Asistant Professor in the Department of Geological Engineering, Engineering Faculty at the Afyon Kocatepe University. He completed his undergraduate and Ph.D. at Suleyman Demirel University. His research is engaged in areas such as mineralogical petrographic and geochemical features of marbles. He still teaches geology lessons at engineering faculty and works on marble projects. He is married and has two children.
Afyon Kocatepe University, Turkey
Afyon-Akşehir Graben (AAG) is located in the south eastern part of Akşehir-Simav Fault System, which is one of the active depression area in West Anatolian Extensional Province. Modern geometry of Afyon Basin, which represents the western sector of AAG is controlled by many normal fault segments, namely Erkmen Fault, Gecek Fault, Gazlıgöl Fault, Karahisar Fault and Yarımca Fault. Two main geothermal fields in Afyon Basinare at Ömer-Gecek and Gazlıgöl containing reservoirs of water with temperatures upto 130° C, which are located on the junction points of Gecek-Erkmen Faultsand Gazlıgöl-Yarımca Faults, respectively. This suggest that most of these normal faults also play a key role in extensional domain type geothermal system in Afyon Basin. This study involves use of geological mapping and kinematic analyses methods for the first time, to identify the kinematic behaviour and structural geometry of Erkmen Fault representing the western border of the Afyon Basin. Mapping studies indicate that 11 kmlong Erkmen Fault consists of parallel-sub parallel northeast facing fault segments which juxt apose Miocene volcanic rocks and the Quaternary graben fill, in general. Field data also indicates that the analysed fault segments of Erkmen Fault are linear and could generate earthquakes with magnitudes of 6.3. Theresult of kinematic analyses suggests that the NNW–SSE trending obliqueto normal faulting is consistent with a ENE–WSW extension alstressregime in western part of the Afyon Basin. This study is supported by Afyon Kocatepe University Scientific Research (BAP) Project of 17.KARIYER.207
Keywords:West Anatolia, Afyon Akşehir Graben, kinematic analyses, Erkmen Fault
Biography:
Çağlar Özkaymak is a Turkish geologist. His training is in geology, active tectonics, paleoseismology, and tectonic geomorpholgy. After graduating from the Hacettepe University, Turkey in 2000, he recevied his master of science degree from the Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversity, Turkey in 2003. He completed his doctorate at Dokuz Eylül University, Turkey in 2012, under the supervision of Dr. Hasan Sözbilir with a thesis on “Active Tectonics and Seismicity of the Manisa Basin, Western Anatolia, Turkey”. Dokuz Eylül University honored him with Science Honour Award and Publication Honour Award in 2012. He is also being awarded the 2011 year Golden Hammer Research Award by the Chamber of Geological Engineers of Turkey for their work on a paleoseismology of the Manisa Fault Zone, Manisa, Turkey. He also worked and studied geosciences in some top rated universities around the world, including Université Blaise Pascal, France, Universität Bern, ETH Zurich, Switzerland. Çağlar Özkaymak is currently on the faculty at Afyon Kocatepe University Department of Geological Engineering as associate professor of Geology. He is also a director of the Earthquake Research and Application Center of Afyon Kocatepe University since 2015.
1Afyon Kocatepe University, Turkey
2Akdeniz University, Turkey
Aslanapa is located 39 km southwest of Kütahya. In the north-western part of the Tauride-Anatolian Block, marble beds showing different color, texture and pattern characteristics are observed in the between Aslanapa, Çavdarhisar and Altıntaş (Kütahya). The Palaeozoicaged Afyon Metamorphics are the olde strocks in the study area. Afyon Metamorphics are composed of schists, quartzites and marbles. Ophiolitic rocks are settled on tectonic contact over the basement rocks. The ophiolites are formed by the closure of the northern part of the Tethys. The Jura-Cretaceousa geddolomitic limestones are unconformably over lain on the lower units. The Miocene-Pliocenelacustrine limestones and terrestrial clastics are located on the lower units.
In these quarries mostly white colored and yellow-green and violet veined marbles types are produced. In the scope of the study, the detailed geological, mineralogical, petrographic and physical features of these marbles produced were tried to be determined. Polarizing microscope and X-ray diffractometer (XRD) analysis techniques were used in the mineralogical studies. As a result; different mineral compositions were determined in marbles as; Quartz + Calcite in yellow veined marble, Mica + Calcite in green veined marble and Opaque Mineral + Calcite + Chlorite in violet vein marble.
Biography:
Metin Bağcı is a Asistant Professor in the Department of Geological Engineering, Engineering Faculty at the Afyon Kocatepe University. He completed his undergraduate and Ph.D. at Suleyman Demirel University. His research is engaged in areas such as mineralogical petrographic and geochemical features of marbles. He still teaches geology lessons at engineering faculty and works on marble projects.He is married and has two children.
1Department of Environmental Geosciences, Pukyong National University, South Korea
2Department of Energy Resources Engineering, Pukyong National University, South Korea
The scCO2(supercritical CO2) sealing capacity of the mudstone as a cap-rock in the Janggi basin, Korea was evaluated, measuring the initial scCO2 injection pressure.The mudstone core (4.2 cm in diameter and 5 cm in length) was fixed in a stainless steel cell covered with a heating jacket to maintain at 50 °C, and then was saturated with distilled water at 100 bar to simulate the scCO2 storage conditions under the subsurface. The scCO2 was contacted to the surface of the mudstone core in the cell using a syringe pump at the range of 100 - 250 bar until the scCO2 began to penetrate into the water-saturated mudstone core, and the initial injection pressure of scCO2 into the mudstone was measured.From the experiment, the initial scCO2 injection pressure of the mudstone core was 240 bar (ΔP=140 bar), which was much higher than that of the tuff in Janggi basin (ΔP=15 bar), suggesting that the mudstone in Janggi basin was more suitable than the tuff to prevent the scCO2 leakage from the scCO2 storage rock. The amount of the scCO2 replacing water in pore spaces of the mudstone core was measured to estimate the scCO2 storage capacity of the mudstone. After more than 3 pore volumes of the scCO2 was flushed out from the mudstone core, the scCO2 storage ratio was calculated from the amount of water drained out from the mudstone core. The conglomerate was considered as a provisional the scCO2 storage rock in Janggi basin, and its average scCO2 storage ratio was measured as 31.21%. In this study, the average scCO2 storage ratio of the mudstonewas calculated as 11.24 %, which was lower than that of the conglomerate in Janggi basin. By considering the high initial scCO2 injection pressure and the low scCO2 storage ratio, the mudstone in Janggi basin could be the successful cap-rock to shield the scCO2 leakage from the scCO2 storage rock in the Korea.
1State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resource and Prospecting at China University of Petroleum, China
2Faculty of Geosciences at China University of Petroleum, China
3Yangtze University, China
Baxian sag is one of the most petroliferous sags in Bohai Bay basin, So far more than 3×108 tons of oil has been found. The previous studies lack the research of biomarker distinction among four possible source rock intervals (E3s1L, E2s3M, E2s3L, E2s4). The complicated accumulation patterns and mix of oils result in the ambiguous oil-source correlation. The inadequate work impedes the future fine exploration. The purpose of this study is to distinguish the biomarker characteristics, interpret the deposited environments and organic matter input of source rocks and clarify the oil-source correlation and petroleum distribution. The study on source rocks was based on the biomarkers gotten by GC and GC-MS. We divided the origin genetic types of oil through hierarchical cluster analysis, setup the oil-source relationship and discussed the distribution of each type of oil which are based on the knowledge of petroleum geology and petroleum geochemistry. E3s1L was deposited in anoxic environments with minor terrestrial organic matter input, E2s3M in sub-oxic to anoxic with medium terrestrial organic matter input, E2s3L in sub-oxic with medium terrestrial organic matter input and E2s4 in sub-oxic with significant terrestrial organic matter input. Three oil families derived from E2s4, E2s3L, E3s1L, respectively, and three types of mixed oils have been identified. Each source rock interval has distinctive biomarker associations. Each type of oil has its own distribution characteristic, and it is mainly controlled by the areal distribution and the thermal evolution condition of source rocks. Such a petroleum distribution pattern has important implications for future exploration. There is considerable exploration potential for E2s3M and E2s3L -derived oils in the Baxian sag, and traps close to or within the generative kitchens have better chance to contain oils generated from the E2s3M and E2s3L.
Figures: Results of hierarchical cluster analysis showing crude oil origin classes, variation of two sets of biomarkers for oil and source rocksamples from the Baxian and geographic distribution of oils in the Baxian Sag. PF = production formation; SR = source rock; ST=sterane.
Biography:
YANG Fan, PHD candidate, is mainly engaged in petroleum geology and geochemistry. He has expertise in petroleum geology and geochemistry in improving the petroleum exploration. His distinguishable biomarker associations of source rocks has been successfully applied to Baxian sag and adjacent Raoyang sagand creates more strict way to build up oil-source correlation. he has built this method after years of experience in research, experimenting both in lab and oil field.
Museu Nacional de Geologia, Mozambique
The Licungo Pegmatite Field (LPF) is a cluster of pegmatite lenses aligned along NNE-SSW, NNW-SSE and WNW-ESE regional fractures. This field is hosted in Mesoproterozoic terranes, represented by orthogneisses, paragneisses interlayered with carbonate rocks and amphibolites. Their microscope observation reveals widespread sericitization of Ca-plagioclase in orthogneisses. Besides quartz and pethite (>90%), the pegmatites are composed of accessory beryl, garnet, monazite and columbite-tantalite. In the backscattered electrons image, the garnet is concentrically zoned, showing: i) a core zone dominated by the spessartine component associated with albite, zircon and rutile, being the later enriched in Nb, Th and U, common in magmas of alkaline affinity; ii) an intermediate zone with relatively high content of grossular component, resulting probably for contamination by paragneisses or representing influx of Ca, into LPF, released during plagioclase sericitization; and iii) an outer zone with progressive increase in Mn/Fe ratio towards the outermost margin, representing the crystal growth by fractionation. The filling of columbite-tantalite fractures by U-Ca-microlite supports the suggested contamination hypothesis. In the other hand, the monazite composition clusters in three populations: i) population 1 shows the highest contents of light rare earth elements (LREE), high P and low Si, corresponding probably to the formation of early stage monazite; ii) population 2 shows the highest Sm, Gd and U content resulting from the referred contamination and iii) population 3 shows the highest Si, Th and the lowest LREE corresponding, probably, to the fractionation towards the formation of thorite, found associated with monazite. The above paragenesis and chemical data distribution suggest multistage evolution of the pegmatitic magma. Key-words: Licungo Pegmatite Field, Mozambique, zone, garnet, columbite-tantalite, monazite.
Biography:
Marcelino Moiana obtained a PhD in geology in 2016 and MSc in geology in 2008 at University of Minho, Portugal. He is now working on research on internal structure and paragenesis of pegmatites located in northern and Central Mozambique. He is also engaged in the research of geosites, followed by a proposal of relevant ones to be declared Geological Heritage by the national entities.
Libyan Petroleum Institute, Libya
This paper analyses the Palaeozoic structural style in the Qarqaf arch, a N75°E-trending anticlinorium separating the Ghadamis basin (north) from the Murzuk basin (south), in NW Libya. Methodology is based on remote sensing analysis associated to fieldwork, in the frame of Geographic Information System (GIS). In optical, radar and Digital Elevation Model (DEM) imagery each litho-stratigraphic unit has image facies that complement the more classical field facies, permitting to update geological maps of the western end of the arch.
One of the most important results is to evidence a ‘Bir Aishahʼ anticline, and the Wadi Ash Shabiyat block forming a graben, not a horst. Our updated maps show major faults, long dykes, joints, and short dykes related to tension fractures that had opened once and were subsequently filled by on-going sedimentation.
Our field structural analysis focuses on the movements at each mapped fault, with special interest in horizontal components. A continuous brittle syn-depositional deformation occurred throughout the Palaeozoic. It started with a relatively high density fracturing, comprising mainly tension fractures and minor open faults, together with joints. Afterward, fractures progressively ceased to be active, and those that continued their activity are now major faults.
The Qarqaf arch is a Palaeozoic right-lateral zone, comprising conjugate families, respectively N80°E right-lateral and N110°E left-lateral strike-slip faults. It also comprises ~N-striking extensional faults, bounding tilted blocks. The Bir Aishah anticline is regarded not as a compression fold but as a drag fold related to normal faulting mechanism, bordering a graben block. At regional scale, we propose for the Palaeozoic time a tectonic model of extensional basins linked by a paleo-transfer fault zone, which strikeslip mechanism is responsible for formation of the arch. However, this model may seem contradictory with the observation of folds in the Devono-Carboniferous layers outcropping immediately north of the arch closure. We then argue that soft Devono-Carboniferous deposits slid at the end of their deposition by decollement over tilting monoclinal Devonian layers.
This interpretation implies that compression occurred only inside the sliding mass. It is then not contradictory with the tectonic model proposed at regional scale. We finally question the supposed major Hercynian orogen that is generally considered to have affected the area at the end of the Palaeozoic. We also argue that the large tectonic event dated by the regional disconformity well known in the area is not the “Hercynian age” one, which should be late Carboniferous, but a Triassic one, related to the opening of the Neotethys (early Tethyan event).
Biography:
Mahmoud Ali Benissa was born in 18th Nov, 1989. He completed his PhD at University of Paris VI (France) in 2010. He completed his Masters degree in University of Paris VI (France) in 2002. Now he is working in Libyan Petroleum Institute. He is the Member of the Geological Society of Libya, since 1988.
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