1Alabama State University, USA
2Huntingdon College, USA
The homotrimeric P22 tailspike protein (TSP) is the receptor binding protein for the Salmonella bacteriophage P22. It is the terminal protein to be added to the assembling virus to complete its assembly process. The P22 virus TSP is also involved in bacteriophage infection by binding to the initial receptor, host lipopolysaccharide. Although all functions of the TSP are of interest, the N-terminal domain (NTD) of the TSP is required for terminal assembly binding. This trimeric TSP NTD takes on a dome-like shape and this dome shape requires three hydrophobic amino acids. The presentation describes how this fact was determined.
Biography:
Dr. Villafane obtained his bachelor and doctoral degrees from the New York University and his Masters Degree at the University of California at Berkeley. His postdoctoral studies were carried out the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Dr. Villafane is currently Professor of Microbiology at the Alabama State University in Montgomery, Alabama, USA. His laboratory has studied how bacterial viruses and their proteins fold and how they assemble and interact with the cell surface to infect the cell.
University of Verona, Italy
MHC-I is an heterotrimeric complex composed by HLA-C/β2-microglobulin/peptide. The different HLA-C variants can be grouped into stable and unstable clusters based on their binding stability to β2-microglobulin. The presence of unstable HLA-C molecules increases β2-microglobulin release. It is known that patients affected by AIDS Dementia Complex (ADC), a very severe neurological condition of HIV-1 infection, present high level of β2-microglobulin in the cerebrospinal fluid. We observed a higher frequency of unstable HLA-C alleles in ADC patients. We demonstrated that, upon HIV-1 infection, HLA-C molecules associate with HIV-1 virions, increasing viral infectivity. In addition, HIV-1 virions produced in the presence of unstable HLA-C variants are more infectious. We aimed to evaluate how each HLA-C variant affects the ADC onset in HIV-1 infected patients. To assess the contribution of each HLA-C variant in the modulation of HIV-1 infection, CRISPR/Cas9 was used to generate 293T HLA-C-/- packaging cells. The different HLA-C alleles were transfected in 293T HLA-C-/- cells, to develop different cell lines expressing a specific HLA-C allotype. The different cell lines will be used to produce HIV-1 pseudo typed viruses to be tested in infectivity assays conducted on TZm-bl cells. Furthermore, to assign a stability score to each HLA-C variant, based on their dissociation rate from β2-microglobulin, each HLA-C expressing cell line will be treated with an acid wash, to study the kinetic of β2-microglobulin dissociation from HLA-C. These analyses will be fundamental to clarify the relationship between HLA-C binding stability, HIV-1 infection progression and the development of HIV-1 related neurocognitive diseases.
Biography:
Simona Mutascio received a Master of Science in Cellular and Molecular Biology in 2015 at the University of Rome Tor Vergata, Italy. In 2016 she started her Ph.D in Applied Life and Health Sciences at the University of Verona, Italy, in the molecular biology laboratory directed by Prof. Donato Zipeto. Her Ph.D thesis project is focused on the development of new cell models using CRISPR/Cas9 technique, to study the involvement of specific proteins in tumorigenesis, neurological disorders, and in the modulation of HIV-1 infectivity.
1Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Institute Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poland
2Department of Molecular Biology, University of Gdańsk, Poland
Salmonella enterica is one of the most common food borne pathogens associated with contaminated poultry meat and eggs. Most common serotypes responsible for the disease in humans are S. typhimurium and S. enteritidis. S. enterica commonly live in astrointestinal tract of farming birds without causing any illness symptoms. However, any damage done to birdsʼ intestines during meat processing may result in bacteria spreading onto the meat and also onto the equipment in the abattoir. S. enterica is able to form biofilm on various surfaces, and thus it can be more resistant to different methods of eradication. In our work, we have analysed the formation of biofilms of S. enterica serotypes commonly associated with salmonellosis in different temperatures, under laboratory conditions using crystal violet staining and CFU count. We have also compared the effectiveness of antibiotics, disinfectant and bacteriophages in eradication of biofilms formed by those serotypes under different growth conditions. Moreover, we have analysed the effectiveness of phages and antibiotics against S. enterica in multi-species biofilm in order to compare therapeutic potential of phage therapy as an alternative to antibiotics. We have observed that bacteriophages tended to be equally effective as antibiotics in eradication of S. enterica biofilms formed under laboratory conditions. However, we have noticed that reapplying phages on previously treated biofilm did not cause its further decomposition. Therefore more research need to be conducted in order to evaluate the potential of phages as an alternative treatment of Salmonella-derived biofilms.
Biography:
Katarzyna Kosznik-Kwaśnicka, MSc graduated from University of Gdańsk with a masterʼs degree in biology, specialisation: molecular biology in 2013. From 2013 to 2017 took part in the research regarding the evolution of bacteriophages. Took up PhD studies at the Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences in October 2017 on the project focusing on comparison of effectiveness of phage preparations and antibiotics in eradication of Salmonella enterica under laboratory conditions and on experimental bird model.
Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, India
Chikungunya, a mosquito-borne viral disease is now a global public health problem. The chikungunya disease is potentially a global health intimidation and the therapeutic interventions are the immediate necessity. Since, the chikungunya disease has “sporadic outbreak/ re-emergence” across the world and hence the immediate potential therapeutics are obligatory. To curtail the virus in outbreak situation, a ready to use drug for chikungunya is necessary. We report the repurposing of approved molecules as an effective anti-chikungunya molecules conferring their antiviral effect validated through many biophysical, biochemical and in-vitro antiviral assays. Through this study we tried the repurposing approach against chikungunya which is a cost and time effective strategy with trust of safety due to continuous human use over time. Through this study, we have shown two approved molecules as an effective antiviral against chikungunya. These molecules were identified using the computational approaches, procured and validated for bimolecular interactions against the recombinantly purified full length nsP2 protein of chikungunya virus using surface plasmon resonance (SPR), thermofluor® assay and intrinsic tryptophan fluorescence titration experiments. The KD values as derived from the SPR experiments reported as 1.55µM and 35 µM respectively. The anti-protease property of the molecules were assessed by the fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) derived protease assay. The half of maximum activity (IC50) and inhibition constant (Ki) for these molecules were found as ~ 1.25 µM/ 2.27 ±0.5 µM and ~ 2.20 µM /3.46 ±0.3 µM respectively. Moreover, the molecules displayed an effective suppression of the virus replication in post-treatment antiviral test assays with EC50 values as 20.70 µM and 48.58 µM in both molecules.
Biography:
Ashok Patel is currently working as an Assistant Professor in Kusuma School of Biological Sciences, IIT Delhi. He has done his Ph.D. with Prof. J.V. Medicherla from M.B.U, Institute of Medical Sciences, BHU, India. He has been trained from Prof. David W. Rice, Prof B.W. Dijkstra and Prof. Petri Kursula through travel fellowship by Boehringer Ingelheim Fonds (BIF) Germany. He did postdoc with Prof. Gregory Bowman in Johns Hopkins University, USA. Ashok lab is interested to understand Chikungunya and dengue virus pathogenesis, structural and functional intricacies, host-virus interaction, identification and validation of inhibitors, compounds, medicinal plants against Chikungunya and dengue.
Center for Public Health Research, Nanjing University, China
Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS), an emerging infectious disease caused by a novel phlebovirus, has been on the rise and become a persistent public health threat in the East Asia due to its high fatality. The anti-viral immunity and disease pathogenesis are poorly understood. We reported that defective antibody response to SFTSV was closely associated with disease fatality and a combination of impaired B-cell dependent immunity and T-helper-related cytokines contributed to the global disruption of the anti-viral immunity, characterized by the complete absence of specific IgG response to viral nuclear capsid protein and glycoprotein, the overwhelming expansion and impaired B cell class switch off IgM-secreting plasmablasts, severe apoptosis of monocytes in the early stage of infection, impaired antigen-presentation by myeloid DCs, as well as the impeded differentiation and function of Tfhs with continuous up-regulation of PD-1 expression. Besides, the significant inhibition of IL-4 and GM-CSF both in the serum and in the monocytes exacerbated the pathogenesis of the viral infection. In addition, the SFTSV infection drove macrophage differentiation skewed to M2 phenotype, facilitated virus shedding and resulted in viral spread. We identified miR-146a and b as key regulators in the skewed macrophage differentiation. Further analysis revealed that the elevated miR-146b but not miR-146a was responsible for IL-10 stimulation. We also found that SFTSV increased endogenous miR-146b-induced differentiation of macrophages into M2 cells mediated by viral non-structural protein (NSs).The M2 skewed differentiation of macrophages may have important implication to the pathogenesis of SFTS and the suppressed antiviral IgG response.
Biography:
Allen Z. Wu received his Ph.D. from The University of Edinburgh, trained as a postdoctor in New York University and worked as a faculty at Rockefeller University and The University of Pennsylvania. From 2006, Allen Wu relocated to China and founded the Center for Public Health Research at Nanjing University and has served as the director of the center since. Allen Wuʼs major research interest is viral infection and antiviral immunity, anti-viral mechanisms and intervention of sexually transmitted diseases. His current research interests cover HSV, HIV, EV71 and highly pathogenic acute viral infection, such as Bunyavirus.
1Department of Medical, Surgical Sciences & Advanced Technologies, Policlinic, University of Catania, Italy
2Department of Clinical & Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Italy
3Department of General Surgery and Medical Surgical Specialities, Policlinic, University of Catania, Italy
4Agricultural Research Council-Centro di Ricerca Olivicoltura, Frutticoltura e Agrumicoltura, Italy
5Department of Biomedical & Biotechnological Sciences (BIOMETEC), University of Catania, Italy
President of ASCO in May 2019 said that there are useful not only clinical trials but real-world-medicine data to obtain better care for oncologic patients. Hence we think to give some useful data (as a retrospective clinical report) about our experience (tetra-decades) of study and ‘evidence based’ use of oral-enteral / parenteral diets and of enriched/functional foods & nutri-phytaceuticals (NPs) integrated with drugs to obtain a better and complete tailored & translational care (for ill-Person) and cure (against illness); i.e. Integrative Oncology (a main topic of Oncology-Rome-2019) to ensure better general and digestive conditions and particularly in those patients subiected to surgery and/or chemo-bio-radio-therapies to prevent or reduce sequelae/complications, also. We report some of the most relevant clinically useful and effective experiences, as reinforced with related & updated best references from literature, mainly in following 4 scopes: 1-to prevent/to reduce: nausea/vomiting, diarrhea, heart-muscle wasting and fatigue; 2-tailored (personalized) integrated supportive care to improve digestive and immune-system diagnosis and cure according to specific kinds of ablative & digestive-tract reconstruction surgery; 3-prevention or recovery of Lymphopenia, anaemia, chemo-radio dermatitis-mucositis, hair loss; 4-metabolic approach (because special several kind of intense metabolism): anti-metabolitic foods/substrates against cancer-angiogenesis-flogosis.
Biography:
Dr. Calogero Rinzivillo has a Pharmacy degree with internal fellowship in First Surgical Clinic (Chair: G. Rodolico). He also has a Medical degree and Specialization with full marks and honor from University of Catania. He is a Gastroenterologist of SSN-National Health Service with Grant by National Research Council (Colorectal Cancer-Finalized Project-chair U. Veronesi). He is an Editor (final referee) for research projects of MIUR-Italian-Research Ministry and of Health-Ministry. He is also a Referee/scientific member of several medical journals/congresses. Calogero Rinzivillo has more than 200 scientific papers/clinical reports in (Italian/International) journals and congresses. He is head and tenured-professor of Clinical Nutrition & Supportive Care, Policlinic and Medical School-University of Catania.
1Department of Medical Oncology and Hematological Malignancy, South Egypt, Cancer Institute, Assiut University, Egypt
2Department of Radiology, South Egypt cancer Institute, Assiut University, Egypt
Background: Incidence of breast cancer in patients <40 years old in Egypt is about 20%. This study was conducted to evaluate differences in risk factors, pattern of presentation and DFS and OS between age groups below and above age of 40.
Methods: 800 patients <40 years and 3000 patients ≥40 years were evaluated retrospectively from 2004 to 2018 to assess the differences in (DFS) and (OS) between age groups after adjustment of risk factors like (stage, LN, her2 Neu status and hormonal positivity, KI67) .
Results: After median follow up of 39 months, we found that 70% of patients <40 years old were presented with stage III, due to lack of awareness that this cancer could occur in young also due to using of breast sonar only in diagnosis, only 5% have positive family history. When we compared them with older counterparts of >40 years and after stratification of the patients according to: stages, hormonal status and her2 Neu status. There were no significant difference between 2 age groups with regard to DFS P= 0.515 and OS P=0.634. However we found significant difference in the rate of bone metastases progression in young P=0.032 also in local recurrence after breast conserving surgery in patients P= 0.0412 compared to older ones.
Conclusion: Patients <40 years exhibited more often of advanced stage compared to patients ≥40 years, our analysis revealed age<40 years is a real adverse prognostic factor for local recurrence after breast conservative surgery.
Biography:
Dr. Abeer Ibrahim is Head of Medical Oncology and Hematological Malignancy Department and Supervisor of BMT unit in south Egypt Cancer Institute. She graduated in 1996 from faculty of Medicine, Assiut University. Then she got a fellowship in Trinity College, Dublin University in Ireland and she finished her MD thesis on role of allogeneic BMT in CLL 2005-2007. Then she got her Doctoral degree in 2010 and had another post-doctor fellowship in Cardiff University UK, in the field of stem cell transplantation. She has a lot of publications in both solid tumors and hematological malignancies.
School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, China
Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) as a bioactive lipid exhibits a variety of physiological and pathological roles via activation of six types of G-protein-coupled LPA receptors (LPAR1–6). Our preliminary study found that LPAR1 highly expressed in lung cancer tissues compared with paracancerous tissues, but the role of LPAR1 in lung carcinoma is unclear. This study aimed to elucidate the association between LPAR1 and lung tumour behavior at the cellular and animal model levels. We found that LPA promoted the migration, proliferation and colony formation of lung cancer cell line (A549 cell). LPAR1 and LPAR3 preferentially expressed in A549 cell and both Ki16425 (antagonist for LPAR1 and LPAR3) and ONO7300243 (LPAR1 antagonist) completely blocked LPA-induced actions. The results were further verified by experiments in LPAR3 and LPAR1 over expressing A549 cells. Furthermore, the LPAR1 transgenic A549 cell was used in the study related to in vivo tumour-bearing animal model and the mechanism involved in LPA-induced actions. As results, the LPAR1 transgenic A549 cell - derived tumour volume significantly increased in animal model suggesting the LPAR1 is a regulator for in vivo tumour formation. Our results also proved that LPAR1 /Gi /MAP Kinases/NF-κB pathway involved in LPA-induced oncogenic actions in A549 cell. Thus, targeting of LPAR1 may be a noval strategy for the treatment of lung carcinoma.
Keywords: LPA receptor1 antagonists; lung cancer; in vivo tumourigenesis; signalling pathway
Biography:
Alatangaole Damirin is a Professor of biochemistry and molecular Biology at School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, China. He worked as assistant professor at Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Japan. He graduated from School of Medicine Gunma University, Japan. His Ph.D. major was on Molecular and Cellular Regulation. The aim of his research group is to elucidate the receptor mediated signal transduction mechanisms of lipid mediators, such as S1P and LPA and their roles in several disorders especially atherosclerosis and cancer. Their research is also centered on the role of proton-sensing GPCRs under acidic microenvironment trying to unlock their mysterious veil.
1Responsible of the Hospital Psychology Unit, ASLBi, Italy
2Coordinator of the Gender Specific Medicine, Projetct, ASLBi, Italy
3Clinical Research Coordinator, Fondazione Edo ed Elvo Tempia, Italy
4Director of Oncology Department, ASLBi, Italy
Since May 30th 2019 the Gender Specific Medicine has become part of the National Health Plan (2019-2021) in Italy. This new point of view in all medical specialties stems from the growing awareness of the gender differences with the ultimate aim of ensuring the best care to each person, both male and female, further strengthening the “patient centrality” and “therapies customization” concepts. Both in international and national cancer clinical trials the stratification is not expected, then this does not allow us to measure differences in the mechanism of action, metabolism, drug effectiveness and potential adverse events in man and woman. The lower women representation compared to men is also a selection bias in itself. Among the oncological pathologies we have selected colorectal cancer because in this pathology the incidence and prevalence data are comparable in both sexes. From the review of colorectal cancer studies conducted from 2000 to 2019 at the ASLBI, Local Health Unit of Biella, the data confirm that men participate more than women in clinical trials: while 57% of the enrolled population are male, 43% female. The same inequality applies to screened and unrolled patients (58.5% over 41.5%). Thus the analysis of the international literature confirms the figure and it stimulates us to deepen the research on the reasons for this difference. Why are women less enrolled than men? Are women more reluctant to enlist? These questions suggest approaching the problem with a new perspective and analyzing both the experimenter and the enlisted subjects psychological aspects, as well as the social context in which the proposal to participate in the studies takes place. Therefore in order to ensure equal opportunities for participation in studies, the gender-specific approach becomes necessary as new evidence suggesting that the effectiveness, tolerability and toxicity of treatments are different depending on gender.
Biography:
Dr. Patrizia Tempia Valenta graduated in Clinical Psychology at the University of Turin and specialised in Clinical Psychology at Medical School. Currently she holds the position of Director of Psychological Services at the hospital of Biella (ASLBi). In 2007 she founded the Association of Volunteers “Emanuele Lomonaco- Far Pensare” and organized a literary contest “Storie di Guarigione” (Recovery stories”) on psychiatric disease, and “Contaci” a convention on Oncology and correct lifestyle. She promoted a series of plays with some artists, musicians, photographers and theatre-plays on health-care subjects. She was a teacher in several Masters in Psycho-oncology, End-life e Palliative care, and in Life-style coaching at the University of Turin and Novara. She is the author of many articles and books about Psycho-oncology, Chronicle diseases and Narrative Medicine. In particular she is co-author of “Le emozioni dei malati e dei curanti” Centro Scientifico ed. 2004; chapter “Le malattie neoplastiche e le malattie croniche ad alto impatto emotivo: La presa in carico globale” with G Ferrrandez in Psicologia e Medicina: vantaggi e prospettive- FAngeli ed 2015; she edited “Storie di Guarigione” Eventi Progetti ed. 2015; “Storie di Guarigione, dalla malattia psichiatrica grave: Una esperienza collaudata nellʼambito della medicina narrativa” in Pensieri Circolari, Narrazione, Formazione e Cura – Pensamultimedia ed. 2015; “La Psiconcologia in Musicoterapia e Oncologia” F Angeli 2015. Dania Brioschi is an experienced Healthcare Professional with a demonstrated history of working in the hospital & health care industry. She is skilled in Clinical Research, Nursing Education, Medicine, Patient Safety, and Healthcare Information Technology (HIT). She is a strong professional with an Executive Master in Management delle Aziende Sanitarie e Socio Assistenziali focused in Health care management and organisation from SDA Bocconi.
1Department of Biochemistry, National Veterinary Research Institute, Poland
2Department of Hygiene of Animal Feeding Stuffs, National Veterinary Research Institute, Poland
Small ruminant lentiviruses (SRLV) are widespread among domesticated sheep and goats worldwide. Infection of wildlife ruminants in close contact with infected small ruminants has been proposed to play a role in SRLV epidemiology, but studies are limited. The aim of study was to estimate true prevalence of wildlife ruminants from Poland. Samples originated from 198 wild ruminants, including 142 European red deer and 56 roe deer were serologically tested using multi-epitope recombinant antigens representing subtype A1, A13, B1 and B2 of SRLV and commercial ELISA test. Procedures were carried out with modification allowing detection of IgG in plasma of wildlife ungulates. In the adopted protocols, the conjugate antibody was replaced by the protein G peroxidase-conjugated. True prevalence of SRLV infection in wildlife was calculated, in a Bayesian framework, with models that adjusted for the misclassification of animals because of the imperfect accuracy of the ELISAs and because sera from different species were tested. We chose a Bayesian approach that allowed for the incorporation of prior knowledge by specifying prior distributions for test properties and prevalence. Overall true prevalence ranged from 5.3% (95% CI 0.3, 12.5) to 24.6% (95% CI 3.3, 38.5) for ELISA with multi-epitope antigens while true prevalence using commercial ELISA was only 2.5% (95% CI 0.2, 6.6). These results may suggest existence of new SRLV reservoir in Poland and highlight the importance of surveilling and controlling SRLV infection in domestic and wild ruminants sharing pasture areas.
Biography:
Dr. Monika Olech works at the Department of Biochemistry in the National Veterinary Research Institute (NVRI) in Pulawy in Poland. In 2014 she received Doctor of Veterinary Medical Science degree. Within last couple of years she was involved in many studies concerning genetic and anitigenic characterization of Small Ruminant Lentiviruses (SRLV) in sheep, goats and wildlife ruminants. The special effort was directed to molecular analysis of field strains of SRLV as results of cross species infection and genetic recombination.
1Basic Medical Sciences Department, Faculty of Medicine, Hashemite University, Jordan
2Departments of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Hashemite University, Jordan
3Department of Pathology, King Hussein Medical Center, Jordan
4Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Department, King Hussein Cancer Center, Jordan
Background: Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is spread worldwide. HPV is the most common Sexually Transmitted Infection (STI), and is closely associated with both cervical and head and neck cancers. In Jordan, the incidence and mortality rate of both malignancies are low. Our studies aimed at determining the prevalence of HPV infection among a subpopulation of healthy women, and its prevalence in a population of head and neck cancer patients in Jordan.
Methods: During the period of January 2017 to June 2018, cervical samples from women, and formalin fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) samples from the head and neck were collected to determine the presence of HPV DNA. After DNA extraction HPV infection was detected via PCR using the consensus GP5+/GP6+ and MY09/MY11 primer sets. Genotypes were determined using real-time PCR and reverse line blot assays.
Results: Among Jordanian women, 14 out of 348 women tested positive for HPV with a prevalence rate of 4%. The most common genotype was HPV 16 (42.9%; 6/14). Multiple HPV genotypes were seen in 36% (5/14) of infected women, while single HPV genotype infection was seen in 64% (9/14) of the women. High-risk HPV infection was detected in most cases with 78.6% (11/14) infection rate, potential high risk HPV infection was detected in 42.9% (6/14), and low risk HPV infection was detected in 7.1% (1/14) of the women. In head and neck cancer patients HPV DNA was detected in 13 of 65 (20%) samples. HPV 16 was the only genotypes detected. All HPV positive samples originated from tongue or base of tongue.
Conclusion: This is the first study in Jordan to report the prevalence of HPV infection among Jordanian women. The prevalence rate of HPV infection in Jordan is the lowest in the Middle East region. On the other hand, a relatively high rate of high-risk HPV infection in SCCs of the head and neck regions was observed.
Biography:
Ashraf I Khasawneh obtained his MD in 2002 from the Faculty of Medicine at Jordan University of Science and Technology. He conducted his Ph.D. research under the guidance of Pantelis Poumbouriosin the Department of Microbiology at Monash University (Australia) and graduated in 2012. Since 2012, he has been a faculty member in the Department of Basic medical sciences at the Hashemite University in Jordan where he is currently an assistant Professor. His research interests include the role of human papillomavirus in cancers of the cervix and head and neck, and microbial drug resistance studies.
1Department of Viral Infection and International Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Japan
2Graduate School of Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Japan
3Hanoi Medical University, Vietnam
4National Hospital of Dermatology and Venereology, Vietnam
Human papillomavirus (HPV) causes cancers in men, including penile, anal, and oropharyngeal cancers. This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the prevalence, and the genotypes of HPV infections in the oral cavity, compared to those in the genitals, among males diagnosed with sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in Vietnam. Oral, urinary, penile, and urethral samples were collected from 198 male Vietnamese patients with STIs (median age 31.0 years, range 17–68). HPV DNA was isolated and amplified with PCR, with modified and/or original GP5+/GP6+ primers. Samples were genotyped with a gene array assay and/or population sequencing. HPV DNA was detected in 69 (34.8%) of 198 patients. Of these, 16 patients (8.1%) had infections in the oral cavity and 58 (29.3%) had infections in the genitals (4.5% in the urine, 25.8% in the penis, and 8.1% in the urethra). The concordance of HPV infections between the oral cavity and the genitals was poor (kappa = 0.01). Of the 16 patients with oral HPV DNA, 11 (68.8%) had no HPV DNA in the genitals. In the remaining five patients, HPV DNA was found at both sites, but only one showed similar strains at both sites. In the other four patients, the HPV genotypes were completely discordant between these sites. HPV18 was the most common high-risk HPV genotype in both oral (9/16, 56.3%) and genital (10/58, 17.2%) sites. The low concordance of HPV genotypes between oral and genital infection sites suggested that the acquisition, persistence, and/or clearance of HPV infections were different between these sites.
Biography:
Dr. Hiroshi Ichimura serves as the Dean of Kanazawa University Graduate School of Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences. He graduated from Yamaguchi University School of Medicine in 1980, obtained a Ph.D. from Tottori University, Japan, and did his post-doctoral training at Baylor College of Medicine, Texas in 1985–1987, and at the University of California, San Francisco, in 1991–1992. He became the Professor of Department of Viral Infection and International Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University in 1999. He has studies viral infectious diseases, such as HIV/AIDS, human papilloma virus, and hepatitis viruses in Kenya and Vietnam.
Department of Pharmacy, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command of PLA, China
Viral myocarditis (VMC) refers to the diffuse caused by viral infections or focal myocardial inflammatory cells infiltration and myocardial fiber necrosis or other degenerative diseases, lead to different levels of heart disease and other system damage. The virus that causes VMC mainly intestinal and respiratory viruses, about 50% of coxsackie B group virus, adenovirus, influenza virus, cytomegalovirus, etc all can cause myocarditis.There is no specific treatment in viral myocarditis (VMC), and treatment of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has a certain advantage. Mangiferin, a traditional Chinese medicine, is a major glucoside of xanthone in Anemarrhena rhizome, and has been reported to maintain anti-inflammatory, anti-fibrotic, anti diabetic and anti-viral effects. In vivo and in vitro studies from our latest research indicated mangiferin has definite effect for the treatment of VMC by inhibiting CVB3 reproduction, immune regulation and inhibiting cell apoptosis. In addition, mangiferin can also prevent the process of acute VMC to chronic dilated myocarditis, reduce the expression of white blood cell surface CAR levels, which the expression level of white blood cell surface CAR can be used as a testing index of virus persistent infection. Our research illustrated that TCM has an effect on whole multiple organs and systems, play the role of overall adjustment and avoid the adverse effect, thus TCM has great value on CVB3.
Biography:
Jun Hou is a vice professor and deputy director of the pharmacy in The General Hospital of Western Theater Command of PLA. She got her masterʼs degree in pharmacy, Army Medical University (AMU) in 2005 and got her Ph.D. degree in pharmacology, AMU in 2011 and became associate professor since then. From 2014-2015, she worked in Canada as a visiting scientist. Now she has published more than 30 academic papers and got 2 items of academic awards. Her major interesting is focus on viral myocarditis and myocardial Autophagy and the molecular pathogenic mechanism.
Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, UK
Glioblastoma is a lethal brain cancer with very poor prognosis that activates a number of receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) signaling pathways. RTK activities driving tumour growth and/or metastasis can be predicted to be inhibited by extracellular Sulf1 and Sulf2 enzymes due to their ability to desulfate heparan sulfate proteoglycans required for RTK ligand receptor interaction. The present study, however, demonstrates marked functional divergence in Sulf1, Sulf2 activities in U251 glioblastoma cells.
Our gain and loss of Sulf1/Sulf2 function in U251 cells in the presence and absence of some ligands and their inhibitors show marked diversification of Sulf1 and Sulf2 function in glioblastoma cells. For example, Sulf2 up regulates PDGF cell signaling while full length Sulf1 has little effect, yet shorter inactive variant of Sulf1 fails to exert such effect and thus shows some similarity to Sulf2. This Sulf1/Sulf2 functional distinction is also observed in EGF cell signaling promotion by Sulf2 but not by full length active Sulf1 while shorter inactive variant of Sulf1 promotes both PDGF and EGF cell signaling similar to promotion of both these pathways by Sulf2. This study will describe the role of Sulf1 and Sulf2 enzymes in cell signaling and hypoxia as well as their differential roles in TMZ drug resistance during in vitro growth of some cell lines.
Biography:
Professor Dhoot graduated from university of London and gained PhD and DSc qualifications from university of Birmingham UK before working on regulation of muscle development and regeneration in the context of muscle nerve interaction. Following the discovery of Sulf1 and Sulf2, her subsequent work has exploited the properties of these enzymes in their ability to regulate cell signaling in both a positive and a negative manner. The Sulf1/Sulf2 mediated cell signaling modulation thus offers the potential to not only improve tissue regeneration but also the potential to inhibit tumour growth in which cell signaling and Sulf1/Sulf2 activities are highly dysregulated.
1Hematology Department, Medical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Egypt
2Hematology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Egypt
Background: Human organic cationic transporter1 (hOCT1) is a plasma membrane transporter responsible for the main influx of Imatinib into chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) cells. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the gene coding for hOCT1 are important factors causing Imatinib resistance. We investigated the frequency of hOCT1 SNP C480G among Egyptian CML patients and its relation to early molecular response as an indicator of treatment outcome.
Materials and Methods: Two groups of CML patients were included in this study. Group I consisted of 25 patients responding to Imatinib treatment (Imatinib responsive) and group II consisted of 25 patients resistant to Imatinib (Imatinib resistant). Response criteria were assessed according to the NCCN (National Comprehensive Cancer Network) guidelines 2017. Twenty healthy controls of matched age and sex were also included (group III). For all patients, we studied hOCT1 C480G at initial presentation using Taqman drug metabolism genotyping as well as BCR-ABL percent at diagnosis and after 3 months interval.
Results: hOCT1 C480G was present in 32% of studied CML patients. CC (wild) was detected in 68% of group I and 64% of group II. CG (mutant heterozygous) was present in 28% of group I and 36% of group II while GG (mutant homozygous) was detected in only one case in group I. CG was also detected in 15% of control subjects. There was no significant difference between hOCT1 C480G polymorphism and Early Molecular Response (χ2 = 0.089, p = 0.765).
Conclusions: hOCT1 C480G polymorphism has no association with Imatinib resistance in Egyptian population. However, further studies on a larger number of patients are still needed to confirm this finding.
Biography:
Maha Mohamed Adel Elgammal is an Assistant professor of Hematology at medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Egypt. She is also a consultant of hematology in the Egyptian Health Insurance. Her research focuses on Hemato-oncology. She is a member of Egyptian association of hematology & BM transplantation. She is also a member of Egyptian association of blood diseases & researches.
1Health Company Romagna-Rimini, Nursing School, University of Bologna, Italy
2Nursing School, University of Bologna, Italy
Background: The breast cancer is the most frequent neoplasm in women: one malignant tumor every three (29%) is mammary. The identification and analysis of individual needs would allow to plan, care and focus on them and to guarantee targeted interventions in a multidisciplinary context with positive clinical outcomes and a better quality of life.
Objective: To investigate the perception of own needs by women and the nurseʼs perception of them.
Design: Qualitative and quantitative descriptive study.
Setting: A breast surgery unit.
Method: We conducted a semi-structured interview aimed at nurses and we administered a questionnaire of 57 items to women who had undergone surgery for breast cancer.
Results: 11 nurses were interviewed and 81 women were involved. The majority of women stated that it is extremely important to have complete information during diagnosis, in agreement with the nurses (11/11), who also believed that at the time of diagnosis the woman must receive all the needed information. From the communication of the diagnosis to the end of the treatment, the interviewees have assessed that almost all the needs proposed in 57 items are extremely important with particular reference to clear communication with the professionals, as well as to know, the time that is going to take to get rid of the disease.
Conclusions: The transmission of information must respect the cultural background and the global capacity allowing women to participate in decisions that affect their health.
Biography:
P. Di Giacomo, RN, RM, MSN, PhD. has clinical experience in midwifery care [oncology prevention, maternal-child health in obstetric care] and in critical nursing care. She also has past professional experience in nursing management. Now, she is a tutor and adjunct professor of nursing research and ethics and deontology in nursing first cycle degree/Bachelor, Campus of Rimini, Bologna University-health Company Romagna-Rimini, Italy. She has published more than 15 papers in reputed journals and some books. She is a reviewer for some peer review journals.
1Pediatric Oncology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A .Gemelli IRCCS, Catholic University of Rome, Italy
2Paediatric Neurosurgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A .Gemelli IRCCS, Catholic University of Rome, Italy
Background: Low-grade gliomas are the most common paediatric brain tumours and they can affect up to 20% of the subjects with Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1). The NF1-related gliomas appear to have a different clinical behaviour compared to the sporadic cases.
Patients and methods: Consecutive 60 children with low grade glioma were registered (42 sporadic cases and 18 cases with NF1) were treated. Thirty-nine patients (28 sporadic cases and 11 cases with NF1) underwent exclusive or post-surgical chemotherapy (with a Vincristine /Carboplatin-based regimen). The median follow-up was 5 years and 5 months.
Results: Brain MRI allowed the identification of patients with decreased and stable disease (according to RANO criteria). The disease reduction was achieved in 12 of 28 patients (42.8%) among sporadic cases and in 9 of 11 patients (81.8%) among those with NF1, with a statistically significant difference between the two groups (p < 0.05). The response to chemotherapy in both patient groups was not significantly influenced by gender, age, tumour site and histopathology, although the disease reduction occurred more frequently in children under 3 years-old.
Conclusions: Our study shows that paediatric patients with low-grade glioma and NF1 are more likely to respond to chemotherapy compared to non-NF1 patients.
Biography:
Prof. Ruggiero received his medical degree from the Catholic University in Rome in 1992. He holds Board of Pediatrics in 1996 and Board of Pediatric Haematology and Oncology in 1998 at the Catholic University of Rome. He is currently an associate professor in the Department of Pediatrics at the Catholic University of Rome where he is responsible for teaching Pediatrics and Pediatric Hematology and Oncology. Examples of activities include producing guidelines for prevention of healthcare associated treatments and improvements in basic safe medical practices. His research interests focus on pediatric clinical trials, clinical pharmacology of antineoplastic drugs, pain therapy and pediatric drugs.
1Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Brazil
2Institute of Biosciences, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Brazil
3Boldrini Childrenʼs Hospital, Brazil
Information about metabolic changes in cancer cells is known and studied, but studies in younger populations (aged 1 to 19 years) are scarce because they present a group of very peculiar diseases, where genetic differences and mutations are not the primary causes of cancer occurrence. Cancer is already the leading cause of death due to illness among children and adolescents nevertheless around 80% of patients can be cured, if diagnosed early and treated in specialized centers. Most will have good quality of life after adequate treatment, however, the effects of treatments received via chemo- and/or radiotherapy may compromise longevity, since after 20 to 30 years of anticancer treatment, individuals may have recurrence or cancer of another type. Thus, it is necessary to propose follow-up, personalized treatment and diagnosis- early, accurate and robust, which may allow the correct use of chemo- and/or radiotherapy drugs. Three diseases were picked as study targets: (a) nephroblastoma; (b) osteosarcoma and (c) hepatoblastoma. Samples from patients with solid tumors (nephroblastoma and hepatoblastoma) are assessed by semi-solid-state NMR. Also, sera from the same patients and patients suffering from osteosarcoma are assessed by liquid-state NMR. It is expected to verify whether metastatic activity and/or resistance to chemotherapeutic treatment can be observed in tumor tissue and/or serum metabolome and to discover possible candidates for prognostic or therapeutic markers. We hope that early detection, follow-up treatment, as well as, better understanding of altered biochemical pathways may be of great importance in increasing clinical efficacy and anticancer therapy in pediatric malignancies.
Biography:
Ljubica Tasic is Associate Professor at Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas (UNICAMP). She holds PhD in Organic Chemistry, MSc in Applied Chemistry and bachelorʼs degree in chemistry. She coordinates the Biological Chemistry Laboratory (LQB) since October 2004. The main lines of LQB research are concentrated in biochemistry and metabonomics by NMR; and the research results were disclosed in around 70 articles, 17 book chapters and 6 patent applications. Up to date, the Biological Chemistry Laboratory counted on around 30 graduate students, 70 undergraduate students and 10 postdoctoral researchers.
1Section of anesthesia and intensive care, Danderyd Hospital, Karolinska Institute, Sweden
2The Swedish Red Cross University College, both Stockholm and Sweden
Current treatment algorithms of cancer most often require repeated venous access for the delivery of various compounds. We may note chemotherapy, immune therapy, tracers for imaging purposes, supportive parenteral nutrition, antibiotics and more. Our group has chosen to study device-related adverse events during clinical use. Among those are infection and thrombosis. In addition, there might appear unwanted effects from interactions between the catheter material, infused compounds and the tissue during prolonged clinical use. We presently collected data on adverse effects during the first period of treatment with chemotherapy (4 months) of a malignant breast tumor, comparing the use of a subcutaneous venous port (Port-a-Cath) with the use of a PICC-line. We aim to randomize n=250 patients. In addition, we are ageing the same type of catheters in-vitro in a simulation chamber, where chemotherapy is given in accordance to current guidelines. Material analyses are performed on the catheter material and preliminary results show that significant degradation of the catheter material does take place over time1. In other studies, coated central venous catheters (CVC) have been compared to a standard CVC2. We propose that above mentioned interactions and the ageing process of catheter materials have to be taken into account when adverse events during oncology therapy are discussed.
References:
1. Fossum, M. K., Strömberg, E., Sanchez, J et al. Preliminary In-Vitro Study of Surface Alterations of Subcutaneous Venous Access Ports Exposed to Antineoplastic Drugs and Whole Blood, TMS 2015 Supplemental Proceedings, John Wiley & Sons. 2015; 11, 33-36 (DOI: 10.1002/ 9781119093466.ch79).
2. Björling G, Johansson D, Bergström L et al. Evaluation of central venous catheters coated with a noble metal alloy - A randomized clinical pilot study of coating durability, performance and tolerability. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater. 2018 Aug;106(6):2337-2344. Epub2017 Nov. PMID: 29106034
Biography:
Claes Frostell, MD, is a Consultant in Anaesthesiology at the Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, at Danderyd Hospital, one of the teaching hospitals in Stockholm. He has held the title of Professor in Anaesthesia and intensive care at Karolinska Institutet since 2001. His PhD thesis (1986) was focused on lung fluid balance during mechanical ventilation. Starting in 1989, he spent a postdoc period in Boston, researching effects of low doses of inhaled nitric oxide (iNO) on the pulmonary circulation together with the Zapol group. Prof. Frostell is presently involved in work on sepsis and device-related colonization and infection.
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