1Jilin Province Peopleʼs Hospital, China
Background: To explore the effects of a combined intervention including Naikan therapy and Morita therapy on body image, psychological distress and posttraumatic growth in patients with breast cancer after operation.
Method: One hundred and four patients with breast cancer after operation were grouped randomly into treatment (n=52) and control (n=52). Patients in the treatment group received combined Naikan and Morita therapies for 6 consecutive weeks, while the control group received standard medical care without Naikan and Morita Therapies. Patients were assessed before and after the treatment. All subjects were assessed with body Image after breast cancer questionnaire, distress thermometer, distress problem list, and posttraumatic growth inventory before and after psychological therapies.
Results: The score of body image after breast cancer and its dimensions (vulnerability, body stigma, body concerns and transparency) in treatment group were lower than that in control group with statistically significant differences at post-treatment stage (P<.001). The score of distress thermometer decreased greatly in the treatment group compared to that of the control group with significant difference (P<.001). The frequencies of the four problems among ten most common problems endorsed (fear, sleeping difficulty/insomnia, nervousness/anxiety and loss of appetite) in treatment group were lower than that in control group (P<.05). The score of posttraumatic growth and its dimensions in treatment group were higher than that in control group with statistically significant differences (P<.001).
Conclusion: Naikan therapy combined with Morita therapy decreased the psychological distress, improved body image and posttraumatic growth of the patients with breast cancer after operation.
Keywords: Naikan therapy, Morita therapy, breast cancer, body image, distress, posttraumatic growth
Biography:
Xiangbei Han is a nurse at Department of Comprehensive Therapy of Oncology, Jilin Province Peopleʼs Hospital. She completed PhD study in Medicine from Faculty of Medicine, Jilin University, China. She also holds a Master's Degree in Pathophysiology from Basic College of Medicine, Jilin University, China. Her research interest is focused on psychosocial oncology and Pathophysiology. She authored and co-authored 19 peer-reviewed publications in the fields of medicine, basic and clinical research.
Stanford University School of Medicine, USA
Exosomes, being natureʼs own antigen delivery vehicles, are ideal for gene delivery. Here, treatment of HER2+ breast cancer (BC) by prodrugs [CNOB or CB1954 (aka tretazicar)] is described. Prodrugs are harmless until activated by a bacterial or viral gene-encoded enzyme (e.g., HChrR6); if gene delivery is confined to the cancer, treatment can be without side-effects of conventional chemotherapy. mRNA is superior to DNA for gene delivery: it is translated directly upon cytosol entry and its expression is higher and lasts longer, which is important, as short-lived expression has constrained gene therapy. We loaded the exosomes with HChrR6 mRNA, using a plasmid, and later to improve safety, directly; this had not been done before. The loaded exosomes were incubated with our “EVHB” protein, which exhibits anti-HER2 scFv antibody and is capable of tethering to the exosomes by its lactadherin C1-C2 domains, making them specifically target HER2+ BC. Systemic delivery of these exosomes and either of the prodrug completely arrested HER2+ BC xenograft growth in athymic mice – no other organ was injured. We posit that recruiting immunity will result in complete cure: tumor ablation evokes strong anti-tumor immune response; and as the exosomes target the tumor, any immune response against them will bolster tumor killing. This is being tested in immunocompetent mice, which spontaneously develop HER2+ BC. The anti-HER2 scFv in the EVHB protein can be replaced by scFvs able to target other receptors/ligands. Thus, this approach is generic and can treat any disease overexpressing a marker, which applies to many ailments.
Biography:
A. C. Matin has been a full professor at Stanford University for several years and is affiliated with several programs, including the Stanford Cancer Research Institute. He has contributed too many areas of biological research, including bacterial infections and their treatment; discovery of new drugs and therapeutic enzymes and their improvement; as well as their specific targeting to cancer (and other diseases). He did his Ph. D. at UCLA, spent some years in the Netherlands (State University of Groningen), where he directed a research group, before joining Stanford. He is recipient of numerous awards and honors.
Missouri University of Science and Technology, USA
The talk describes a novel ansatz for cancer treatment, based on the combined action of natural interferones, digestive enzymes used in Asian medicine, and generic immune boosters. The idea is to combine the cell-growth-inhibitor properties of natural interferones (e.g.,withaferin{A) with generic immune boosters (e.g., high doses of vitamin C on a level ex-ceeding RDA by a factor of at least six, and other ingredients). As already observed by physicians in the 1800s, a “natural” boosting of the immune system due to inuenza in-fections often is able to stimulate an increased immune response against cancer cells which are otherwise effectively “hiding” from the immune system. Similar observations had been made by Imhotep, the physician treating Pharaoh Djoser, when he deliberately infected the Pharaohʼs tumor using a pultice, following an incision, about 2600BC. The third ingredient, the digestive enzymes, serve to “accelerate the convergence” of the therapy, by stimulating fast removal of the killed cancer cells from the human body. One enzyme of particular effec-tiveness is serratiopeptidase, which is used by the Chinese silk worm in order to dispose of its cocoon with a time frame of about 15 minutes. The enzyme is routinely used with good effect in Asian medicine. The application of the therapy is recorded for a case study; results have been discussed in [U. D. Jentschura, J. Cancer Therapy 9, 156 (2018)]. The therapy ansatz could supplement established approaches based on surgery and chemotherapy, and be useful in the context of cancer prevention.
Biography:
Ulrich D. Jentschura has been working in theoretical physics since 1996. Since then, Ulrich has been active in fields as diverse as quantum electrodynamics, quantum field theory, heavy-ion physics, theoretical astrophysics and the physics of the solid state. He has published research articles in Physical Review A,B,C,D, and E, which encompass many different subfields of physics. Recently, and somewhat involutarily, Ulrich's research interests have branched out into medicine, where he performed a case study on a tumor that plagued his thyroid. Ulrich is working as a (full) professor of physics at Missouri University of Science and Technology in Rolla, Missouri, USA, and holds habilitation degrees from the Universities of Dresden and Heidelberg.
University of Madras, India
Saliva is generated within the salivary glands by acinus cells, collected in small ducts, and subsequently released into the oral cavity. There are three major and numerous minor saliva-producing glands located in and around the mouth and throat. Saliva serves to initiate the breakdown of lipids and starches via endogenous enzymes. However, in recent years, what we have come to understand about salivary secretions and the oral cavity has changed dramatically. Studies have shown that saliva actually contains a variety of molecular and microbial analytes. Although proteomic and transcriptomic indicators have yielded the most promising results to date, information obtained from oral microbes and immunologic factors remains one of the more intriguing aspects in the pursuit of salivary biomarkers. Although the mechanism by which these disease indicators come to exist in saliva has not been explained fully, these findings insinuate that oral fluids may represent a significant source of discriminatory biomarkers for local, systemic, and infectious disorders The use of saliva as a diagnostic fluid has yet to become a mainstream idea. This partially stems from work revealing that while most analytes detected in the blood serum are also found in saliva, their levels are substantially diminished. For example, in healthy adults, IgA levels are normally 2.5 to 5 mg/ml in serum and 250 to 500 μg/ml in saliva. Similarly, IgG (5 to 30 mg/ml versus 5 to 30 μg/ml) and IgM (0.5 to 1 mg/ml versus 5 to 10 μg/ml) levels in serum are severalfold higher than those found in saliva. (Even so, the correlation between salivary and blood-based constituents implies that while these two biofluids are separate and unique, they may be linked on a molecular level. Hence, it is imperative that we explore saliva as a potential alternative to blood- and tissue-based diagnostics. Salivary biomarkers are entities within the body capable of providing impartial information regarding the current physiologic state of a living organism. Salivary biomarkers exist in a variety of different forms, including antibodies, microbes, DNA, RNA, lipids, metabolites, and proteins. Alterations in their concentration, structure, function, or action can be associated with the onset, progression, or even regression of a particular disorder or result from how the body responds to it A collection of reliable and reproducible biomarkers unique to certain maladies is often referred to as a biomarker or molecular signature. Understanding and evaluating the significance of an individual's salivary biomarker signature can be useful in determining the presence, location, and even likelihood of disease. Thus,salivary biomarkers serve as a valuable and attractive tool in the detection, risk assessment, diagnosis, prognosis, and monitoring ofdisorders/ diseases, like cancer.
Keywords: Saliva, Biomarkers, Diseases, Disorders, Cancer, Techniqies
Biography:
Ulrich D. Jentschura has been working in theoretical physics since 1996. Since then, Ulrich has been active in fields as diverse as quantum electrodynamics, quantum field theory, heavy-ion physics, theoretical astrophysics and the physics of the solid state. He has published research articles in Physical Review A,B,C,D, and E, which encompass many different subfields of physics. Recently, and somewhat involutarily, Ulrich's research interests have branched out into medicine, where he performed a case study on a tumor that plagued his thyroid. Ulrich is working as a (full) professor of physics at Missouri University of Science and Technology in Rolla, Missouri, USA, and holds habilitation degrees from the Universities of Dresden and Heidelberg.
1Apollo Gleneagles Hospital, India
2-7 Apollo Gleneagles Hospital, India
Despite a remarkable increase in the depth of our understanding and management of Breast Cancer in the past 50 years, the road is still long and winding posing significant challenges. The increased incidence and awareness of breast cancer has led to significant changes in diagnosis and treatment in recent decades.
The earliest description of Breast Cancer dates back to around 3500 B.C.E For centuries thereafter the theories of the great Greek Physician like Hippocrates in 460 BCE and Galen in 200BCE attributing the cause of Breast Cancer to an “ excess of black bile” and treatment options like use of opium and castor oil, prevailed. The role of surgery was advocated around middle of 18th century and thereafter the advent of modern medicine in form of novel drugs and targeted therapies surfaced into clinical practice based on evidence.
Management of Breast Cancer is multidisciplinary. It includes loco-regional (surgery and Radiation therapy) and systemic therapy approach. The systemic therapy include endocrine therapy for hormone receptor positive disease, chemotherapy, Anti Her2 therapy for Her2 positive disease, bone stabilizing agents, Polymerase inhibitors for BRCA mutation carriers and quite recently immunotherapy. However no targeted drug has been approved for Triple Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC). TNBC is a heterogeneous subgroup of Breast Cancer, and molecular subtyping may help drug discovery for this deadly disease.
Future therapeutic concept in Breast Cancer aim at personalised therapy as well as treatment de escalation and escalation based on tumor biology and early therapy response. Next to further treatment innovation, equal worldwide access to therapeutic advances remain a global challenge in Breast Cancer care for the future.
Biography:
I Prasenjit Chatterjee, did my formal training in Radiation Oncology from Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, India in 1997 and thereafter pursuing my career in oncology for last 23 years. My special interest is in head & neck, Lung and Breast cancer. I am member of many national and International Organisations like ASCO, ESTRO, MASCC and IALC, and in the executive committee of national associations like AROI(WB), Oncological society of Bengal. I have been honoured with BHARAT JYOTI Award. (www.drprasenjitchatterjee)
1Univeristy Medical Center Ljubljana, Slovenia
2Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Slovenia
Introduction: Most squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) are cured by conventional surgery and/or radiotherapy (RT). Advanced SCC (aSCC) is poorly understood disease defined as locally/loco regionally advanced tumor that cannot be cured by excision and/or RT. Apromising new anti PD-1 therapy has been introduced recently with 46% overall response rate and acceptable safety profile.The aim of our study was to elucidate the possible impact of new SCC therapy on Slovenian population of patients.
Methods: For the first time data of patients with aSCC diagnosed from 2010 until 2017 were extracted from Cancer registry of Slovenia and analyzed with SPSS program. Overall survival (OS) was calculated with Kaplan-Meier survival curves and compared using log-rank test. p value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results: 57 patients were diagnosed with aSCC, 31.6% female and 68.4% male patients with mean age 75.6 years. Median follow up was 26 months. The anatomic location of tumor was; head 56.1%, neck 3.5%, trunk 14%, extremities 22.8% and unknown primary 3.5%. 59.6% of patientshad regional metastases. Patients were treated with surgery in 12.3%, RT 22.8% and surgery + RT in 64.9% of cases. Only 12.3% additionally received systemic chemotherapy. 3-year OSof patients treated with surgery was 71%, RT 38%,surgery + RT 45% and systemic chemotherapy 41%, p = 0.447.
Conclusion: In Slovenia aSCC is rare disease of predominantly older male patients. Poor survival of patients with current indication for RT and chemotherapy could be improved with novel systemic treatment.
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