P.A. Hertsen Moscow Oncology Research Center, Russia
Incidence of malignant neoplasms has a continuous and ubiquitous growth.
Purpose of the study: Study of the dynamics of morbidity and mortality from malignant neoplasms in the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania (RNO-Alania).
Materials and Methods: Forms No. 7, No. 35, No. 5 (Table No. C51), Table 2 PH.
Results: For 25 years in the Republican Oncology Dispensary, 45,498 patients were on treatment. Men - 20720 (45.5%), women - 24778 (54.5%). The average age of patients was 63.2 (63.1 for men, 63.4 for women). Up to 14 years of the male sex - 0.9%, 15-29 years - 1.7%, 30-44 years - 5.8%, 45-59 years - 24.8%, 60-74 years - 47.9% And ≥75 years - 18.9%. In the able-bodied age - 44.5% and pension - 56.4%. Up to 14 years of the female sex - 0.6%, 15-29 years - 1.8%, 30-44 years - 5.8%, 45-59 years - 25.2%, 60-74 years - 40.7% And ≥75 years - 23.1%. In working age - 25.4% and pension - 74.0%. The sex of children under the age of 14 is 0.7%, 15-29 is 1.7%, 30-44 is 7.4%, 45-59 is 25.0%, 60-74 is 44.0% And ≥75 years - 21.2%.
The standardized indicator (world standard) of incidence for the entire follow-up period averaged 165.9 (men - 201.1 and women - 160.7) per 100 000 population. The averaged 5-year figures were in 1990-1994. - 142.9 (men - 167.4, women - 129.4); 1995-1999 - 158.4 (men - 184.4, women - 145.9); 2000-2004 - 168.3 (men - 194.5, women - 156.1); 2005-2009 - 187.9 (men - 212.5, women - 178.1); 2010-2014 - 207.7 (men - 246.6, women - 193.9) per 100 000 population.
The number of deaths was 27403. Men - 45.1% and women - 54.9%. The average age of the deceased was 59.1 (men 59.2, women 58.6). Up to 14 years of the male sex - 1.5%, 15-29 years - 2.8%, 30-44 years - 9.3%, 45-59 years - 34.2%, 60-74 years - 38.0% And ≥75 years - 14.1%. Up to 14 years of the female sex - 1.0%, 15-29 years - 2.8%, 30-44 years - 13.8%, 45-59 years - 34.3%, 60-74 years - 34.5% And ≥75 years - 13.6%. In working age - 37.8% and pension - 61.2%. For both sexes, up to 14 years of age - 1.2%, 15-29 years - 2.8%, 30-44 years - 11.8%, 45-59 years - 34.2%, 60-74 years - 36.1% And ≥75 years - 13.9%.
The standardized death rate averages 124.4 (men - 135.4 and women - 121.6) per 100 000 population. Averaged five-year mortality rates in 1990-1994. - 128.3 (men - 145.1, women - 121.1); 1995-1999 - 119.9 (men - 131.8, women - 115.3); 2000-2004 - 125.4 (men - 136.7, women - 121.2); 2005-2009 - 122.7 (men - 133.8, women - 120.9); 2010-2014 - 128.2 (men - 125.6, women - 129.5) per 100 000 population. Mortality does not tend to decrease.
Conclusion: Morbidity of malignant neoplasms is growing. Mortality does not decrease.
B & C Teaching Hospital Nepal, Nepal
Aim: To assess the efficacy of adding “Glycerine plus Honey” to standard management protocol, in terms of time to delay in oral mucositis ≥ grade 2.
Materials and Methods: Hundred patients of oral cavity and oropharangeal cancers, planned for concurrent chemo radiation (Dose: 60–66Gy/30-33fractions/6 weeks) were randomized 1:1 to receive either home-made remedy made of “Glycerine plus Honey” added to the standard management protocol to prevent mucositis versus standard treatment alone. CTCAE v 4 (Common toxicity criteria for adverse events) was used for assessing oral mucositis scores weekly. Chi square test was used to compare mucositis scores, weight loss, opioid use, ryles tube feeding, and unplanned treatment breaks in each cohort. Independent T-test was used to compare means to assess the effect of treatment in delaying mucositis ≥ grade 2.
Results: Significantly higher number of patients developed grade ≥ 2 mucositis in control arm [n=43 (86%)] compared to study arm [n=30 (60%)] (p=0.003). CTCAE scores favored Glycerine plus honey at week 4, and on last day of radiotherapy. Whereas, time to first occurrence of oral mucositis grade ≥ 2 was 23.17 (± 1.01) days for study arm [radiation dose 31.67Gy (± 1.44)], it was 20.65 (± 0.8) days for control arm [radiation dose 28.14Gy (± 1.16)] (p=0.05). Study patients had lesser weight loss (2.76Kg) than control subjects (3.9Kg) with p=0.008. There were significantly higher number of patients in control arm who required opioid analgesia, ryles tube insertion and had unplanned treatment breaks, compared to study arm.
1NMP Medical Research Institute, India
2Warwick Research Services, UK
Background: Cancer is second leading cause of death worldwide. The psychological issues are related to all stages of the disease affecting outcome of treatment and overall quality of life. The study evaluated the effectiveness of yoga counselling among prostate cancer patients on their quality of life and psychological outcomes.
Method: Ninety-two patients with prostate cancer undergoing chemotherapy were enrolled in the study from outpatient setting. Patients were randomised into Yoga Counselling group or Usual care group after baseline assessment. Yoga based psychological counselling delivered individually and in group, given twice a week for 12 weeks. Anxiety, depression and quality of life were assessed by Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale and WHO quality of life-BREF (WHOQOL-BREF) respectively.
Results: At post intervention, yoga counselling showed significant improvement of quality of life as compared to the usual group with a large effect size in physical health (p = 0.001), psychological (p = 0.001), social relationships (p = 0.001), and environment (p = 0.001,) and decrease in the anxiety (p = 0.000) and depression (p = 0.000).
Conclusion: The yoga counselling has been shown to be effective in improving quality of life and decreasing anxiety and depression among prostate patients undergoing chemotherapy.
Biography:
Dhruv Singh is Yoga therapist and Naturopath at NMP Medical Research Institute, India. During his years of clinical practice, he has been dealing with wide range of medical condition. He has a special interest in treating chronic condition with traditional practices of Yoga and Naturopathy. While working with research team of Warwick Research UK, Dhruv joined the cancer research study as research associate. He is pursuing continuing education program to further his knowledge in treatment of the cancer and continuing to expand his role serving his community of Rajasthan.
1Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS, France
2Department of Oncology, University of Turin at San Luigi Hospital, Italy
3Endocrine Research Unit, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Germany
Fighting chemo resistance is a major challenge for cancer therapy. We recently demonstrated that the Hedgehog receptor Patch, which is overexpressed in many recurrent and metastatic cancers, is a multidrug transporter contributing to chemotherapy resistance. Here, we show that a drug-like molecule that inhibits the doxorubicin efflux activity of Patch, enhances the cytotoxic, pro-apoptotic, antiproliferative and anticlonogenic effects of doxorubicin on both adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) and melanoma cells which endogenously overexpress Patch. Moreover, we report that the addition of this molecule to doxorubicin treatment prevents the development of ACC tumors in xenografts mice much more significantly than doxorubicin alone, suggesting that the use of this molecule in combination with doxorubicin is a promising new therapeutic option for Patch expressing tumors.
Biography:
Isabelle Mus-Veteau is a CNRS Research Director working at the Institute of Pharmacology in Sophia Antipolis (Valbonne) in France. I performed my PhD thesis between France and Mexico and discussed it in 1992. She obtained a CNRS permanent position after a post-doc in the South of France. She is a biochemist and biophysicist specialist of membrane transport proteins. With her collaborators, we discovered the drug efflux activity of the Hedgehog receptor Patch and its role in chemotherapy resistance (Bidet et al 2012). The screening of several chemical libraries allowed us to discover several inhibitors of Patch drug efflux activity which enhance chemotherapy efficiency against several cancers (Fiorini et al. 2015, Hasanovic et al, submitted).
Department of Medical Education, Brighton & Sussex Medical School, University of Brighton, UK
Introduction: Ovarian cancer (OC) is the most fatal gynaecological cancer. It is has vague symptoms which can be similar to symptoms of many other diseases thus, it is usually diagnosed at an advanced stage. It is essential to identify the risk and protective factors for OC in order to decrease its rates. There is a debate about the effect of Physical Activity (PA) on cancers. Therefore, it is worth investigating its relationship to the risk for OC.
Objective: to investigate the association between physical activity and ovarian cancer.
Methodology: a systematic review of the available literature was performed using combinations of keywords in searching several electronic databases. In addition, searching for ‘greyʼ literature and manual search of the references of the identified articles was conducted. Relevant articles were assessed using SIGN checklists.
Results: Eleven cohort studies and eleven case-control studies were included in the review with a total sample of 947,843 women of which 10,836 were OC cases. All case-control studies have indicated to some extent an inverse association between PA and OC risk. Results of cohort studies varied. Four of them reported increase in OC risk, three reported OC risk reduction in relation to PA and four reported no association between PA and OC risk.
Conclusions: This review found that results from cohort studies are equivocal. However, the results from the case-control studies universally showed that PA resulted in reduction in a risk of OC. Overall, on the bases of the research done to date; it is possible to argue that PA has a protective effect on OC risk. There are great difficulties in conducting such cohort studies. Case-control studies also encounter problems in recall. More robust research using more precise techniques in measuring PA is required to establish the exact relationship between PA and OC.
Department of Medical Education, Brighton & Sussex Medical School, University of Brighton, UK
Malignant Melanoma (MM) is the fifth most common type of cancer in the UK in 2014 and is on the increase. It is important to be aware of public perceptions of theimplications of Melanoma in terms of severity and outcomes as this may contribute to their protection behaviours.
Aim: To explore Consultant Dermatologistsʼ knowledge and experience about lay peopleʼs understanding of MM and its significance.
Method: This study was approved by the Brighton and Sussex Medical School (BSMS), Division of Medical Education (DME) Dissertation Panel, the BSMS Research Governance and Ethics Committee (RGEC), East of England - Cambridgeshire and Hertfordshire Research Ethics Committee, and by Research and Development (R&D) department at Brighton and Sussex University Hospital (BSUH) Trusts. A qualitative (ethnographic) approach was adopted. Loosely Structured in-depth interviews with five Consultant Dermatologists in Sussex/United Kingdom (UK) were performed. AFramework Approach was adopted to analyse the interviews.
Results: The key findings of the main emerging themes from the interviews were: Lack of knowledge about MM and lack of differentiation between MM and other less serious types of Skin Cancer (SC); Misconception about MM among some Health Care Professionals (HCPs); Misconception about sun exposure and tanning bed; The National Health Services (NHS) and the government policy in dealing with melanoma were criticised for getting it managed by inexperienced people in the community; The importance of introducing Dermoscopy in the UK and training doctors on it efficiently; Disconnect between patients and doctors; The importance of educating everybody about MM and moles; Lack of workforce capacity in the UK to provide lifetime follow-up for MM patients; Disconnect between Dermatologistsʼ experiences and the current recommendations in the guidelines; The short duration of consultation appointment is an obstacle to build a therapeutic relationships with patients; Doctors are thought to be a step-back in their communications and empathyfrom nurses.
Conclusion: There is a need to enhance lay peopleʼs as well as HCPsʼ awareness about MM. There is a need for continuous awareness campaigns. Doctors need to empathise more with their patients. The consultation time may need to be increased. It is wished that the patient sees the same HCP(s) during their treatment and follow-up period. It is necessary to study the effectiveness and feasibility of establishing a SC screening programme in the UK.
Department of Medical Education, Brighton & Sussex Medical School, University of Brighton, UK
Introduction: Breast cancer is the most prevalent cancer in United Kingdom The extensive use of Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) by women suffering from breast cancer is well documented in research. A study in Canada, reported this use to be as high as 80%. In a similar survey in Germany, over 90% of breast cancer patients used some kind of CAM therapy. Similar trends have been reported in USA, and Asia.
The literature highlights a disturbing lack of communication between healthcare professionals and patients about CAM use. Up to 77% of cancer patients do not reveal their CAM use. This creates a communication gap and could hinder efforts to provide effective healthcare. Our study aims to address this deficit.
Aims:
We have two aims:
1. To explore the Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices (KAP) towards CAM. of women with breast cancer, to understand:
2. To use this information to develop means of improving communication between cancer patients and their Health Care Professionals.
Methods: The study adopted a qualitative (ethnographic) approach. It was a cross-sectional, observational study of women attending a breast cancer out-patient clinic at an English Cancer Centre. In the first part, twelve patients were recruited and interviewed in-depth to explore their use of CAMs. Interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. These were then analysed using a general Thematic Analysis to identify the range of themes and issues reported in the interviews. In the second part, self-administered questionnaires were developed from the interview data and distributed to all women attending the clinic. These were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics in SPSS to discover how prevalent the themes and issues reported in the first phase were.
Results: The results of this study will be presented and opened to discussion.
1Genetics department, Bhagwan Mahavir Medical Research Centre, India
2Professor and Head, Department of Surgical Oncology Nizams Institute of Medical Sciences, India
Advances in our understanding of therapy for breast cancer has come slowly, but the overall mortality from the disease has been unaltered for several decades. Therefore the aim of our investigation has been to understand the genetic basis of the response to chemotherapy in breast cancer patients. However, developments in the past decade have given cause for new but cautious, optimism for patients. These important developments have come primarily from basic research in drug-gene interactions that has led to testable hypotheses regarding new approaches like the one described here for drug metabolizing genes. We have studied three genes (MTHFR, DPD and TS) in the general treatment regime pathway and another two genes (CYP2D6 and SULT1A1) involved in hormone therapy.
The biotransformation of tamoxifen is mediated by cytochrome P450 enzymes mainly through demethylation and hydroxylation to form several primary metabolites, principally 4-OH-tamoxifen, alpha-OH-tamoxifen, N-desmethyltamoxifen, and 4-OH-N-desmethyl-tamoxifen. 4-OHtamoxifen is considered to be a more potent anti-oestrogen than the mother substance and is capable of binding the ER with greater affinity. From experimental studies it has been shown that the transformation of tamoxifen into 4- OH-tamoxifen is mainly catalysed by the liver enzyme CYP2D6. SNP studies in this gene revealed its role in modulating the effect of anti-neoplastic drugs. We describe here the genetic basis for inter-individual differences in drug response and emphasize the need to use such genetic information to predict the safety, toxicity, and/or efficacy of drugs in individual patients or groups of patients. Polymorphisms in genes encoding drug-metabolizing enzymes, drug transporters and drug targets can be used to predict toxicity and response to pharmacologic agents used in breast cancer treatment.
Biography:
Dr. Kaiser Jamil is Principle Investigator and the Head of Genetics Department, having published more than 250 papers in journals of repute and guided 25 scholars for PhD degree. During the last decade following her instincts, she has taken up several projects related to human health, for ‘War against Cancer’ she has contributed in the field of Biomarkers in Breast cancer, Leukaemia, and Head and Neck cancer. Her work on SNPs of drug metabolizing genes in cancers has been published in peer reviewed journals, unfolding the mechanisms of several genes and other genes which network with these genes, elucidated Drug-Gene interactions. She has also contributed on the role of some signalling pathways such as tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) and MAPK in haematological malignancies and HNC. Her research continues to unravel genotypes leading towards personalised medicine.
1NMP Medical Research Institute, India
2Warwick Research Services, UK
Objectives: Lung cancer remains a challenging disease, not only with high morbidity and mortality but impairs quality of life and functional status in patients after the treatment. Evidence is increasing on the benefit of pulmonary rehabilitation in patients with lung cancer. However, conventional rehabilitation programs are still limited.
The aim of this study was to investigate the utility of yoga-based pulmonary rehabilitation program on pulmonary function of patients with Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) after completion of their treatment.
Methods: Patients were recruited from the Rajasthan area via cancer hospitals, medical doctor. 167 patients with NSCLC who had completed treatment with in last 3-6 months, were invited to join the study. Forty-seven patients were included after giving the informed consent. Pulmonary function tests, and dyspnoea severity before and after 12-week of program was analysed.
Results: After undergoing yoga program, patients exhibited significantly higher forced expiratory volume in the first second (P<0.001), forced vital capacity (P=0.001), and 6-minute walk test distance (P<0.001). A statistically significant improvement in the severity of dyspnoea (P=0.000) was observed.
Conclusions: Patients with NSCLC seem to benefit with yoga based pulmonary rehabilitation. However, this was the first study to assess the yoga effect in pulmonary rehabilitation of lung cancer patients. Further studies with larger sample size and controlled situation are required.
Biography:
Mehul Kumar Agarwal is certified naturopath, yoga therapist, natural health consultant and research student in NMP Medical Research Institute, India. His interest lies in the clinical science that could demonstrate the change naturopathy, yoga and lifestyle makes, how the body heal itself of both chronic and acute ailments. In addition to pursuing research degree, Mehul conducts private holistic clinic in Jaipur, Rajasthan. This clinical practice is oriented towards health improvement, health strengthening, nutrition/natural health, and the prevention of health problems.
1Masaryk University, CEITEC, Czech Republic
2Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Czech Republic
For many years, central dogma of molecular biology has been that RNA functions mainly as an informational intermediate between DNA sequence and its encoded protein. One of the great surprises of modern biology was discovery that protein-coding genes represent less than 2% of total genome sequence, and subsequently that almost 90% of human genome is actively transcribed. Thus, human transcriptome was found to be more complex than collection of protein-coding gene transcripts and their splice variants. Recent evidences have clearly shown that non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) play major biological roles in cellular development, physiology and pathologies. NcRNAs are grouped into two major classes based on transcript size; small ncRNAs and long ncRNAs. Each of these classes can be further divided, whereas novel subclasses are still being discovered and characterized. In last ten years, class of small ncRNAs called microRNAs was studied most intensively with more than fifty thousand hits at PubMed database. Huge amount of evidence has been accumulated to describe molecular mechanisms of novel RNA species functioning, providing insight into their functional roles in cellular biology and in human disease, especially in cancer. Knowledge regarding ncRNAs functioning in cancer biology and their translational potential to serve as disease biomarkers and novel therapeutic targets in cancer will be summarized and demonstrated on several examples based on our recent observations.
Biography:
Ondrej Slaby is an Associate Professor of Biochemistry at the Faculty of Science at Masaryk University in Brno and the 1st Faculty of Medicine at Charles University in Prague, Czech Republic. He also works as research group leader (group Molecular Oncology II) at the Central European Institute of Technology at Masaryk University in Brno and as a scientific secretary at the Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute in Brno. Dr. Slaby has published extensively in the field of non-coding RNAs and cancer with special focus on their translational potential in diagnostics and as the therapeutic targets.
Faculty of Medicine, Cairo Unversity, Egypt
Introduction: In human cancers, podoplanin expression and its correlation with tumour invasive potential raise its possible role as a diagnostic and prognostic marker for cancer.
Aim: To investigate the immunohistochemical expression of podoplanin in laryngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC) and dysplasia.
Materials and Methods: This study included a total of 60 archived, formalin fixed, paraffin embedded tissue blocks of 40 cases of laryngeal SCC and 20 cases of dysplastic lesions. The samples were immunohistochemically analysed for podoplanin expression.
Results: Podoplanin expression was significantly higher in laryngeal SCC (90%) than laryngeal dysplastic lesions (55%) (p-value=0.002). The expression of podoplanin was significantly increased with the higher grades of dysplasia (p-value=0.016). A significant positive correlation was detected between podoplanin expression in laryngeal SCC and depth of tumour invasion (p-value=0.035), and stage (p-value=0.026).
Conclusion: The high expression of podoplanin in laryngeal SCC and its significant correlation with poor prognostic parameters recommends podoplanin as a prognostic marker in laryngeal SCC. In addition, increased podoplanin expression with higher grades of dysplasia, supports its role in malignant transformation and allows us to recommend its evaluation in premalignant lesions.
Keywords: Immunohistochemistry, Invasive potential, Laryngeal carcinoma, Malignant transformation
Biography:
Rasha Ahmed Khairy has completed her M.D at the age of 33 years from Faculty of medicine, Cairo University. She is the lecturer of pathology in faculty of medicine, Cairo University. She has published 9 papers in reputed journals and has joined as a reviwer in reputed journal.
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