International Journal of Biotechnology and Recent Advances

ISSN: 2639-4529

European Microbiology and Research Conference 2018

December 3-5, 2018, Valencia, Spain
Poster Session Abstracts
DOI: 10.18689/2639-4529.a1.008

Antibacterial Activity of Lactobacillus on Skin Infections Pathogens: In-Vitro and In-Vivo Studies

Duaa Al-Dulaimy*, Julian Marchesi and Eshwar Mahenthiralingam

Cardiff University, UK

Infectious diseases are considered a public health problem in most countries. The occurrence of antibiotic resistant pathogens is increasing worldwide. As antibiotics are presently losing their effectiveness, there is an urgent need to develop safe alternatives for treating bacterial infections especially those of the skin. One of these alternatives is “Probiotics”. Health-enhancing properties of probiotics should be performed by both in-vitro and in-vivo techniques. The greater wax moth Galleria mellonella is used as an In-vivo model for host-pathogen interactions. A group of Lactobacillus type strains was obtained from culture collections, while the other group was isolated from fermented food products: yogurt and olives. Pathogens were isolated from skin infections patients. All the bacterial species were identified by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. In-vitro antagonistic activity of lactobacilli was investigated on the major causes of skin infections (Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes) by performing both overlay and well diffusion assays during different incubation times and conditions.

In-vivo susceptibility of the wax moth larvae to both lactobacilli and pathogenic species was assessed by injection with serial dilutions of three preparations of each Lactobacillus food isolates: Bacterial suspension, the supernatant and washed cells. Serial dilutions of pathogenic bacteria suspensions were injected inside the larvae as well. All the tested pathogens were sensitive to the antibacterial effect of lactobacilli. The maximum antagonism was achieved after 72h under anaerobic incubation. Injection of the larvae with both of lactobacilli and pathogens displayed differences in the survival percentages of larvae.

Biography:
Duaa Al-Dulaimy graduated from Department of Biology/School of Biosciences/Al-Mustansiriyah University/Baghdad/Iraq. Duaa Al-Dulaimy started to work as a laboratory assistant at the same department. At this point, Al-Dulaimy has done a demonstration for undergraduate students in a couple of modules such as General Microbiology, Food Microbiology, Industrial Microbiology and Medical Microbiology. After this position, Al-Dulaimy studied a Master Degree in Microbiology at the same University and got degree to start working as an assistant lecturer for more than ten years. This academic and research position has developed scientific knowledge to supervise final year students and her research ability to perform several studies to produce articles and publish them in different journals. By this, she got a high level in job to be a lecturer in the mentioned University. Then, Al-Dulaimy got a scholarship from government to study PhD in the UK at the school of Biosciences/Cardiff University. Nowadays, she is at the third year of my project, which is investigating the antibacterial activity of Lactobacillus on skin infectionsʼ Pathogens: In-vitro and In-Vivo Studies.

Differential Response of Photosynthetic Apparatus in Arthrospira platensis PCC 7345 and NIES-39 towards High Alkaline pH Treatment

Monika M. Jangir*, B. Vani and Shibasish Chowdhury

Birla Institute of Technology and Science, India

Abiotic stress has deleterious effects on the organismʼs growth and functioning and ultimately its survival. Few cyanobacteria are reported to thrive well in extreme habitats by adapting themselves for various mechanism(s) of stress tolerance. We have studied the effect of alkaline pH on the pigment composition and the thylakoid protein profiles of Arthrospira platensis PCC 7345 and Arthrospira platensis NIES-39. Exposure of Arthrospira platensis PCC 7345 and NIES-39 cells to a high pH showed a differential effect on the photosynthetic pigments constituting the phycobilisome complexes and the photosystems. Our results therefore indicate that alkaline/high pH treatment of Arthrospira possibly leads to alteration in structural and functional organization of PBsomes and photosystems which may in turn effect the photosynthetic efficiency, reflected in difference of the of PC/Chla ratio among the two strains. From the pigment data, spectral analysis and the Urea-SDS PAGE analysis we would like to suggest that the two strains of Arthrospira studied might exhibit different strategies to tolerate alkaline pH. PCC 7345 showed an enhanced level of total carbohydrates at pH 11 as compared to NIES-39, suggesting an osmolyte mediated strategy to combat high alkaline environment.

Biography:
Monika M Jangir is a Ph.D scholar working in Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, Pilani campus, Biological Science department. Pursued Masterʼs and Bachelorʼs degree in Botany (Honors) from University of Rajasthan and was a University topper and gold medalist for all the 5 years of her degree program (2007-2012). Received POST-GRADUATE MERIT SCHOLARSHIP FOR UNIVERSITY RANK HOLDER (2010-12), Ministry of Human Resource Development, UGC, Government of India and DST-INSPIRE Scholarship by Department of Science & Technology (DST), Ministry of Science & Technology, Government of India (December 2013-Dec 2018). Currently working on a cyanobacteria named Arthrospira platensis NIES-39 to develop a deep understanding about the mechanism(s) of pH regulation during alkaline condition.

Nanofibers Based Tubes for Medical Applications

Muhammad Qamar Khan*, Davood Kharaghani and Ick Soo Kim

Shinshu University, Japan

In this report, nanofibers based tubes as scaffolds for potential neuroscience application in axon, were fabricated with Polyvinylpyrolidone incorporated with gold nanoparticle (PVP/Au) in five different diameters via electrospinning. The objective of the study was to analyze the capacity of nanofibers based tubes for potential voltage and ability to form the tubes of 0.2 mm, 0.5 mm, 1.0 mm, 1.5 mm and 2.00 mm diameters as scaffold. The capacity for potential voltage showed that PVP/Au is a good blended material for suitable potential voltage. There also we done the fabrication of tissue engineered blood vessel synthetic scaffolds remain an ongoing challenge for cardiovascular tissue engineering. Full biocompatibility, proper physiological and immediate availability have emerged as central issues. To address these issues, the dual network composite scaffolds were fabricated by coating the electrospun nanofibres tubes from PVA hydrogel, which increased the cell viability and showed the potential for controlling the composition, structure and mechanical properties of scaffolds. Herein, the tubular scaffolds having inner diameter of 2 mm, were composed of poly (1, 4 cyclohexane dimethylene isosorbide trephthalate)/PVA. On the basis of characterizations results, it was concluded that resultant scaffolds would be addressed to fulfill the requirements such as biocompatibility, dimensional stability, adequate elongation, breaking strength, immediate availability and proper for physiologically.

Biography:
Muhammad Qamar Khan is a PhD scholar in Shinshu University Ueda campus Nagano Japan. Muhammad major research area is biomedical science. Until now Muhammad published 8 impact factor articles in international journals and has 4 years experience as a University teacher in Pakistan.

In-Vitro Assessment of Washable Antibacterial Breath Mask Based on Polyacrylonitrile/Silver (PAN/AgNPs) Nanofiber

Davood Kharaghani*, Muhammad Qamar Khan and Ick Soo Kim

Shinshu University, Japan

This report, focused on designed and synthesized polyacrylonitrile/silver (PAN/AgNPs) nanofibers via an in-situ method to obtain a washable with high-dispersed silver nanoparticles membrane to form the hierarchically organized antibacterial mask to prevent the two-way effect of bacteria from person to environment and environment to person. For this objective, the electrospun PAN nanofibers were stabilized via the heating method. Different amounts of AgNPs were loaded into the PAN nanofibers by using silver nitrate and sodium hydroxide solutions. The basic results showed that AgNPs was homogenously loaded in PAN nanofiber matrixes. Furthermore, the release profile based on two-stage release theory showed that when the negligible amount of AgNPs was loaded into the nanofibers, the release significantly decreased, whereas antibacterial activity increased. However, the release profile in two different temperature 28 oC and 37 oC showed that AgNPs release from nanofibers controlled in a minimum amount (less than 12%) after 120h. The appropriate potential for antibacterial activity of the lowest amount of AgNPs showed controllable. AgNPs release from PAN nanofibers that have a direct relationship with the washability and could promote the application of the produced product. Furthermore, the biocompatibility of different amount of loaded AgNPs to PAN nanofibers evaluated by using direct contact based on ISO 10993-5 that observed the minimum amount of AgNPs (2447 ppm per nanofiber gram) did not have any toxicity.

Biography:
Davood Kharaghaniʼs current research field is synthesis of nanocomposites and nanofibers scaffolds for tissue engineering application. Davood Kharaghani achieved a gold prize for a patent in Seoul international invention fair (SIIF2015). As a Ph.D. student and research assistant under the supervision of Professor Ick Soo Kim at Shinshu University, Japan, Davood started research in preparing composites nanofibers and their applications in tissue engineering. In collaboration with the University of New South Wales, Australia, under the supervision of Professor Mark Willcox for three months, technique learned: includes biocompatibility, antibacterial assay and staining cells and tissues using in tissue engineering.

Influence of Biological Active Compounds on Staphylococcus epidermidis Growth

Kristyna Lokocova1*, EvaVankova1, Petra Kasparova1, Jan Masak1 and Vaclav Sicha2

1University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Czech Republic
2Institute of Inorganic Chemistry AS CR, v.v.i., Řež, Czech Republic

Staphylococcus epidermidis is a commensal microorganism of human skin and tissues, opportunistic pathogen in immunocompromised patients as well as common constituent of the plant microbiome (e.g. as endophytic bacteria exhibiting plant growth promoting properties). From this point of view, the knowledge about the influence of biological active substances on its growth is important and intervening into a wide range of research areas.

In this study, we investigated the influence of antibiotic erythromycin, natural substance pterostilbene and inorganic substance from the group of carboranes to determine the antimicrobial and antibiofilm activity of S. epidermidis. The antimicrobial activity of these substances was determined by microcultivation device to determine the minimum inhibitory concentrations and MTT (3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay was used to determine the metabolic activity of the cells in biofilms.

We have proved that all tested compounds have significant effect on inhibition of planktonic growth of S. epidermidis. We have also observed that erythromycin has no anti-adhesive efficiency against this bacterium. Pterostilbene and carborane have shown high anti-adhesive activity: In their presence, there was almost no metabolic activity of the cells in biofilm. From these results, we concluded that these substances might on one hand have positive potential for application in medicine, but on the other hand they may display negative effects for example in the application area of endophytes (e.g. for the production of microbial pesticides). This work was supported by the Czech Science Foundation (GACR) project 18-26463S.

Biography:
Kristyna Lokocova is PhD student at the University of Chemical Technology Prague. She received a bachelorʼs degree in biochemistry and microbiology and a masterʼs degree in biotechnology. Her current research topic is biofilms of opportunistically pathogenic microorganisms and possibilities of their suppression. She is interested in playing volleyball and travelling.

Can Vitis vinifera Extracts affect the Production of Signal Molecule Involved in Lipid Biosynthesis and Biofilm Formation in Candida Genus?

Martina Paldrychova*, Jana Drbohlavova, Irena Kolouchova and Jan Masak

University of Chemistry and Technology in Prague, Czech Republic

Currently available therapies for candidosis are based onanti-fungal drugs, including azoles, whose mechanism of action is the inhibition of lanosterol demethylasein the ergosterolbio synthetic pathway. However, new therapies are needed because of the thoughtless clinical use of azoles resulting in an emergence of multi-drug-resistant strains of the Candida genus. Nowadays, the disruption of cell signaling is considered to be a new target for preventing candidosis. Candida albicans yeasts use two major signal molecules; farnesol and tyrosol. Farnesol, a key metabolite in the biosynthesis of sterols, inhibits the attachment of the cells to the surface, the biofilm development and the yeast-to-hyphal switching while tyrosol accelerates the hyphae formation.

The aim of this work was to monitor the production of signal molecules in C. albicans during the biofilm formation and study the possible modulation of these processes by addition of anti-virulent agents. Among the compounds, which could be used as anti-virulent agents and whose mechanism of action involves promotion of farnesol biosynthesis and inhibition of the hyphal growth and biofilm formation belongs to some phenols contained in extracts from Vitis vinifera. We compared the effects of these biologically active substances (e.g. resveratrol, quercetin) with the effect of the crude extract. Quercetin is capable to induce extracellular farnesol production and in strain C. albicans ATCC 2091, we observed a suppression of hypha formation at a concentration 50 mg/l. However, a more complex anti-biofilm effect at lower concentrations was achieved by using a complex mixture of biologically active substances contained in extracts.

Biography:
Martina Paldrychova is PhD candidate at the Department of Biotechnology at UCT Prague. Martina studying microbial biofilms of opportunistically pathogenic microorganisms, intercellular communication of gram-negative bacteria and yeasts and anti-virulent therapy. Martina Paldrychova dissertation is called Modulation of the quorum sensing system in relation to biofilm formation.

Morphology Characterization of Mycobacterium monacense, A Rapid Growing Mycobacteria

Malavika Ramesh*, B. M. Fredrik Pettersson, Phani Rama Krishna Behra, Santanu Dasgupta and Leif A. Kirsebom

Biomedical Centre- Uppsala University, Sweden

Changes in cell shape and pleiomorphism have been shown to be an integral part of the mycobacterial life cycle long since the identification of Mycobacterium tuberculosis as the causal organism of TB by Robert Koch. However, there has not been any systematic investigation into their occurrences in connection to stages or conditions of growth. We have studied the morphological variations in Mycobacterium monacense, which is a non-tuberculous Mycobacterium spp. that was isolated from patients suffering from lung infections or open wound infections. We provide microscopy data showing that M. monacense changes shape from rods to coccoids as the cells age. We also detected the occurrence of spore-like particles upon ageing. The genome was sequenced, and the transcriptome was analysed at different time points. We detected changes in the expression profiles of genes involved in cell morphology. One gene of interest showed an almost five-fold difference in its expression between the exponential and stationary growth phases. Overexpression of this gene in Mycobacterium marinum resulted in morphological changes suggesting that this gene may influence cell shape.

Keywords: Pleiomorphism, Mycobacterium monacense, non-tuberculous mycobacteria

Biography:
Malavika Ramesh, a final year PhD student in the Department of Cell and Molecular Biology at Uppsala University under the supervision of Prof. Leif A. Kirsebom. Malavika Ramesh main topic of interest and research is “Pleiomorphism in Mycobacteria”, mainly involving microbiology and molecular techniques such as growth, culturing & maintenance of various Mycobacterial species; cloning & gene overexpression studies; fluorescence & electron microscopy. Over the years, She has been extensively exposed to the different cell morphologies and growth patterns occurring in Mycobacteria of which Malavika Ramesh wish to present the change in cell shape from rods to coccoids in the rapid growing Mycobacterium monacense.

Dietary Interventions Attenuate Polyp Formation but Impair Normal Cell Homeostasis in a Colon Cancer Mouse Model

Maria Lopez Chiloeches*, Nanna Bau-Madsen and Antoaneta Belcheva

University of Southern Denmark, Denmark

Colorectal cancer (CRC) accounts for up to 13% of all cancers in Europe. It is a multifactorial disease; where host genetics, diet, gut bacterial composition and host immune system contribute to the development of CRC. Butyrate, a microbial-produced metabolite derived from fibre degradation, plays a key role in the physiology of colonic epithelial cells and its role in the course of CRC is controversial and still not well-understood. Although mechanisms through which different diets or changes in the gut microbiota impact CRC development are well-described, what is the impact of these factors on the normal intestinal homeostasis remains an open question. In order to get a deeper insight into this interplay, we used a DNA mismatch repair mouse model for CRC and provided these mice with diets that differ in their carbohydrate content (high- and low-carbohydrate diets). We examined how these dietary regimens affect the composition of the gut micro biota, the production of butyrate and their impact on the polyp formation.

Our results showed that diet low in carbohydrates strongly attenuates CRC development, as this diet slows down the proliferation of the colon epithelial cells by reducing butyrate producing bacteria and butyrate. However, while this diet seems to protect against CRC markers for cellular stress such as Xbp1, CHOP, ATF4, Hsp27 and Hsp70 were activated, indicating that changes in bacterial composition induces cellular stress. Based on our observations, it is suggested that a low-carbohydrate diet exerts a protective role against CRC development but normal cell homeostasis might be compromised.

Biography:
Maria Lopez Chiloeches is a Ph.D fellow in the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology at the University of Southern Denmark (Odense, Denmark). Her Ph. D studies are focused on the relation between diet, gut micro biota and colorectal cancer development. She will be awarded with Ph. D. degree in February, 2019. María graduated with a B. Sc. in Health Biology in 2014 and expanded her studies with a M. Sc. in Microbiology, both at the University of Alcala (Madrid, Spain).

The Mycelium Growth of Ustilago esculenta Influenced the Gall Formation of Zizania latifolia

Haifeng Cui*, Zihong Ye, Yafen Zhang, Xiaoping Yu and Wenqiang Xia

China Jiliang University, China

The smut fungus, Ustilago esculenta, played an important role on the gall formation of Zizania latifolia. The enlarged gall was called Jiaobai, which was the second important aquatic vegetable in China. Strains isolated from edible Jiaobai and grey Jiaobai were called MT and T strain respectively. During the gall formation of edible Jiaobai, gradually increased hypha clusters were observed at the earlier stage. At the later stage, number of hypha clusters decreased significantly, and teliospores were formed. In-vitro study showed that hormone could effect the mycelium growth of U. esculenta. IAA could promote the mycelium growth of both T and MT strains. TIBA could inhibit the mycelium growth of T and MT stains, and significantly reduced dry weight of haploid strain. The gall maturation and yield of Jiaobai could be effectively regulated by hormone in the field. IAA could delay approximately nine days of gall maturation, but with no effects on the yield. While TIBA could shorten gall maturation time, and increase yield of early harvest stage.

Biography:
Dr. Haifeng Cui obtained his B.S. Degree at Shandong University in China in 2003, and completed his Ph. D with Prof Guangmin Xia at Shandong University in China in 2008. He joined Prof. Zihong Yeʼs group in the Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Biometrology and Inspection & Quarantine at China Jiliang University as an associate professor in 2012. His current research is focused on the interaction between Zizania latifolia and Ustilago esculenta during the gall formation of Jiaobai.

Prevalence of Q-Fever in South Africa: A Review of Diagnostic Laboratory Data at the Agricultural Research Council –Onderstepoort Veterinary Research from 2007-2009

Mangena M. L2*, Gcebe N1, Thompson P2 and Adesiyun A. A2,3

1Agricultural Research Council – Bacteriology Laboratory, Onderstepoort Veterinary Research, South Africa
2University of Pretoria, South Africa
3School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of the West Indies

Campus, Trinidad and Tobago Q-fever is one of the most under estimated zoonoses in South Africa (SA) despite causing significant losses in livestock and game through reproductive disorders such as late abortions, low birth weight or infertility. The disease is caused by infection by the intracellular bacterium, Coxiellaburnetii (C. burnetii). The last published report on Q-fever prevalence in animals in SA was in 1987 and there is a need for recent data on Q-fever as well as strains currently circulating in the country. We reviewed available Q-fever diagnostic laboratory data (DLD) at the Agricultural Research Council-Onderstepoort Veterinary Research Campus (ARC-OVR) from 2007 to 2009 with the aim to establish its prevalence in the country. Diagnostic samples were obtained from serum samples submitted for Q-fever testing as part of disease surveillance by state veterinarians. A total 740serum samples comprising 369 bovine, 226 ovine, 76 caprine and 69 from game animals were tested for Q-fever using complement fixation test (CFT). Overall, the sero prevalence of Q-fever was 0.95% (7/740) which comprised 2 bovine, 0.27% (2/740) from KZN, 3 ovine 0.41 % (2/740) from WCP, 1 ovine 0.14 % (1/740) from NCP and 1 ovine 0.14% (1/740) from the ECP. The low number of samples submitted for Q-fever testing between 2007 and 2009 together with the fact that the last published report on Q-fever in SA was more than 30 years ago shows that Q-fever is still one of the most ignored zoonoses despite causing significant losses in livestock and game.

Abbreviations: NCP-Northern Cape, WCP-Western Cape, ECP-Eastern Cape, KZN-Kwazulu Natal.

Biography:
Maruping Mangena is a second year Ph.D student at the University of Pretoria, faculty of Veterinary Science in South Africa. The study he is conducting focuses on the prevalence of Q-fever and Toxoplasmosis in slaughter animals in Gauteng and Mpumalanga provinces of South Africa. The study also aims to develop cell mediated immunity assays for diagnosis of Q-fever.

Study of Telluric Fungal Microflora in Two Stations of the Region of Biskra Algeria

Bachar Mohamed Farouk

University of Biskra, Algeria

We proceeded to an organic-physico-chemical study on the micromycèts of the soil, the important factors of the fertilization of the telluric biotope, in four sites of the region of Biskra (Mʼziraa-soil cultivates by the open cultures, Biskra-cultivated soil by cereal, Tolga-old-palm trees, Doucen-young palm trees), thanks to two soil sampling (in December and April) in course of two years 2014-2015/2015-2016.

A statistical analysis of the data collected by means of an ACP demonstrates that the first year exposed to: Aspergillus sp and yeast Rhodotorula sp are very dominating in all sites, except Biskra which it occupied by Mucor sp [very xerophilous].

However, the second year of sampling is characterized by a dominance of Rhodotorula sp (halophilous et hygrophilous) and Aspergillus sp (halophilous, xérophilous) in Biskra site during winter sampling.

Therefore, in April sampling there are a high density of the species Mucor sp and Aspergillus sp in Biskra site, and by Aspergillus sp at Mʼziraa site, then we can concluding that the genus of Aspergillus, Rhodotorula and Mucor contains the very abondonated micromycèts (phytopathogens and biofertilizers) in calci-magnésic soils into the region of Biskra.

Keywords: Aspergillus sp, Rhodotorula sp, Tolga, Doucen, Biskra.

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