Food Technology Research Laboratory, University of Boumerdes, Algeria
The aim of this work is the study of the biological properties of Melissa officinalis, a plant harvested in the region of Setif (eastern Algeria); it is known for its many pharmacological properties. The phytochemical study of the leaves revealed the presence in this plant of flavonoids, condensed tannins and triterpenes. Experimentation of lipid-lowering, anti-inflammatory and antispasmodic activities of the aqueous extract of the plant was conducted in mice and rats. Lipid-lowering activity was evaluated by induction of hyperlipidemia in rats on a lipogenic diet containing 10% sheep fat and 20% sunflower oil added to normal food as well as 3% ethanol added. water ad libitum. After 14 days of dieting, the hyperlipidemic rats received M. officinalis extract by gastric gavage at doses of 1g and 2g / kg for 28 days. The anti-inflammatory activity is evaluated according to the method of the reduction of the edema of the paw. The third technique is to study the antispasmodic activity evaluated by the Writhing test. The results of this work allowed us to affirm that the extract of M. officinalis has very good hypolipidemic and liver-protective properties, an anti-inflammatory activity whose percentage inhibition is 89.02% and an activity antispasmodic with a crampial inhibitory effect of 79.09%.
Keywords: Melissa officinalis; phytochemical screening; lipid-lowering activity; anti-inflammatory activity; antispasmodic activity.
Department of Biotechnology, VVP Engineering College, India
Plant-based or non-dairy milk alternative is the fast-growing segment in newer food product development category of functional and specialty beverage across the globe. Nowadays, cow milk allergy, lactose intolerance, calorie concern and increase in cholostrone rate, more preference to avail the solution to Successor of dairy milk. Plant-based milk alternatives are a rising trend, which can serve as an inexpensive alternate to poor economic group of developing countries and in places, where cowʼs milk supply is insufficient. Though numerous types of innovative food beverages from plant sources are being exploited for cow milk alternative, three plain soya milk, coconut milk, rice milk (full-fat and light) replaced 100% of the whole dairy (cow) milk in control. Milks incorporated differed in total solids, pH, viscosity, particle size distribution and colour when assessed roughly. In popovers, neither volume nor acceptability differed with successor of dairy milk substitution. For SDM, flavour, texture and overall acceptability did not differ and appearance of the SDM products was preferred, either SDM can successfully be substituted for dairy milk. SDM is one of plant-based complete proteins and as compared to cow milk is a rich source of nutrients as well. Cow milk is containing near twice as much fat as and ten times more fatty acids do SDM (approx). SDM contains more Fe (ten times more) than does cow milk. Cow milk and SDM contain nearly identical amounts of protein and water and fibre is a big plus point which dairy has none. Although what we choose to drink SDM is really a matter of personal preference and our health objectives but looking at the comparison, SDM looks like healthier choice.
Keywords: Plant-based milk alternatives, Lactose intolerance, Non-thermal technologies, Emulsion stability, Shelf life, Fortification.
1Laboratory of Bioresources: Integrative Biology and Valorization, Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Monastir, University of Monastir, Tunisia
2Laboratory of Genetic, Biodiversity and Valorization of Bioresources, Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Monastir, University of Monastir, Tunisia
3Laboratory of Heterocyclic Chemistry, Natural Products and Reactivity, Faculty of Sciences of Monastir, University of Monastir, Tunisia
4Mountain Research Center (CIMO), ESA, Polytechnic Institute of Bragança, Portugal
5Biochemistry Department, Sahloul University Hospital, Tunisia
A series of Enantiopure Isoxazolidines (3a-c) were synthesized by 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition between a (–)-menthone-derived nitrone and various terminal alkenes. The screened compounds were evaluated for their antioxidant activityby two in vitro antioxidant assays, including β-carotene/linoleic acid bleaching and inhibition of lipid peroxidation (TBARS). The results revealed that compound 3b (EC50 = 0.55 ± 0.09 mM) was the most potent antioxidant as compared to the standard drug (EC50 = 2.73 ± 0.07 mM) using the TBARS assay. Furthermore, the antimicrobial activity was assessed using disc diffusion and micro dilution methods. Among the synthesized compounds, 3c was found to be the most potent antimicrobial agent as compared to the standard drug. Subsequently, the acute toxicity study has also been carried out for the newly synthesized compounds and the experimental studies revealed that all compounds were safe up to 500 mg/kg and no death of animals were recorded. The cytotoxicity of these compounds was assessed by the MTT cell proliferation assay against the continuous human cell lines He La and compound 3c (GI50 = 46.2 ± 1.2 μM) appeared to be more active than compound 3a (GI50 = 200 ± 2.8 μM) and 3b (GI50 = 1400 ± 7.8 μM).
Interestingly, all tested compounds displayed a good α-amylase inhibitory activity in competitive manner with IC50 values ranging between 23.7 and 64.35 μM when compared to the standard drug acarbose (IC50 = 282.12 μM). In addition, molecular docking studies were performed to understand the possible binding and the interaction of the most active compounds to the α-amylase pocket.
Keywords: Enantiopure Isoxazolidines; Antioxidant activity; Antimicrobial activity; Acute toxicity; Cytotoxicity; α-amylase inhibition; Molecular docking.
Laboratoire de Biologie des Micro-organismes et Biotechnologie, University of Oran 1, Algeria The spread of antibiotic-resistance continues to threaten public health. To fight against this phenomenon, the discovery of new antibiotic molecules is necessary. According to the bibliography, mushrooms are reservoirs of antimicrobial and antibiotic molecules. Our aim is a screening for antimicrobial molecules in the mushrooms of the genus Agrocybe. At our knowledge, little work on their antimicrobial activity has been reported.
In the practical part of our study, basidiocarps of Agrocybe are harvested from tree trunks witch they grow on, called «false pepper trees», in Oran (at west of Algeria).
The identification of the mushroom is carried out by classical, morphological and microscopic methods.
The crude extract is obteined from the dried sporophores by Soxhlet. This extract is tested in vitro, in Petri dishes, by the disc diffusion method, on the growth of 4 pathogenic microbial strains: Escherichia coli ATCC 8739 (Gram negative bacteria), Staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus ATCC 6538 (Gram positive bacteria), Candida albicans ATCC 10231 (yeast), Aspergillus niger ATCC 16404 (filamentous fungi).
In the results, the morphological description of the Agrocybe aegerita showed that the basidiocarps has a smooth cap of 3 to 15cm in diameter, convex at and cracled. The margins of the cap are often arched at maturity and the surface is sticky when wet. The gills are brown, broad and fairly distant, attached to the stipe at right angles or are slightly decurrent. The stipe is of variable length, up to about 20cm long and 3.5cm in diameter.
The results of antimicrobial activity showed a remarkable inhibitory effect of the mushroom extract (max. 3cm inhibitions zones) on the growth of the different pathogenic microbial strains tested.
In conclusion, the mushrooms of the genus Agrocybe aegerita are therefore interesting candidates for obtaining antimicrobial molecules of therapeutic interest.
Keywords: Agrocybe aegerita, mushroom, extract, Soxhlet, basidiocarpss, antimicrobial activity.
1Polytechnic Institute of Bragança, Portugal
2Center for Mountain Research, Polytechnic Institute of Bragança, Portugal
Microbiological monitoring of natural waters is of utmost importance for their evaluation in terms of public health.
In this study the microbiological water quality of the Fervença river hydrographic basin, Bragança, Portugal, was evaluated. This river results from the confluence of streams and water lines of natural runoff on the north side of the Serra da Nogueira (rural environment), crosses the city of Bragança (urban environment with a downstream wastewater treatment plant, WWTP) and flows into the river Sabor (rural environment).
Sampling included 4 samples upstream of the city of Bragança, 4 samples in the city, one immediately after the WWTP and 2 samples downstream of Bragança, being the last one at 10 km of the urban center. The samples were collected in the same day, transported in thermal suitcases, refrigerated and analyzed in the microbiology laboratory of the IPB, in the parameters: Escherichia coli and Intestinal Enterococci.
These parameters were evaluated considering the Portuguese Republic Decree-Laws on the quality of bathing water, n° 236/98 of 1 August and n° 113/2012 of 23 May, which are based on the microbiological analyzes of Escherichia coli (recommended maximum limit of 1000 CFU/100 mL) and faecal Streptococci contents (recommended maximum limit of 400 CFU/100 mL).
Results showed that the levels of Escherichia coli in the urban environment waters exceed 4.0×103 CFU/100 mL, worsening after the WWTP, where the value of 1.3×106 CFU/100 mL was reached. In the case of fecal Streptococci, levels above 1.3×105 CFU/100 mL were obtained in all samples, except in sample of the Castanheira water reservoir.
The high microbiological load present in the waters sampled in the Fervença river hydrographic basin questions its use for bathing or for irrigation purposes, suggesting that the quality of the water is “Bad” which may constitute a risk to Public Health.
Biography:
Luís Santos has a degree in agro-industrial engineering, obtained at the Institute of Agronomy of the Technical University of Lisbon in 1986 and master in Plant Nutrition, Soil Fertility and Fertilization by the Institute of Agronomy of the Technical University of Lisbon in 1994. Presently, he is a professor and researcher at the Polytechnic Institute of Bragança since 1988, on the food science, biotechnology and environment areas
Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, Sylhet Agricultural University, Bangladesh
Antimicrobial therapy is one of the significant therapies to avoid premature death due to bacterial infection and has enormous application in medical treatment. Though, antibiotics are generally administered to kill specific microorganisms, they have a wide range of effect and may kill other microorganisms. Besides with this, antibiotics are the responsible for destroying the bacterial community structure, disturbing the interactions among microbial species of the nutrient metabolic pathways of complementary systems which causes a huge imbalance of intestinal microbiota and their environment. As a result, antibiotics creates a disturbing situation among microbiota and vigorously effects on immune systems development and regulation ultimately it rises the risk of various intestinal diseases. Exposure to diverse antibiotics in particular, meropenem, cefotaxime and ticarcillin-clavulanate to new born baby leads to destroy the initial formation of microbial communities and biofilm. These intestinal microbial communities are also known as health friendly bacteria or probiotics found various fermented foods. The aim of this review is to claim probiotics as prescribed supplement with antibiotics. Probiotics has broad range of health impacts on our body in particular, promoting intestinal epithelial homeostasis, cell survival, enhance barrier function and remarkably protective modulation of the immune system, initiating responses mediated by macrophages and T and B lymphocytes. Regulation of gene expression and signaling pathways in the host cells for example, A probiotics mixture consisting of L. acidophilus, L. casei, L. reuteri, B. bifidium and Streptococcus thermophilus stimulated regulatory dendritic cells. Prescription of probiotics with every types of antibiotics can retain the intestinal microbial ecosystem and protect body from antibiotic-associated side effects as Rotavirus diarrhea, food allergies and lactose intolerance, atopic eczema, prevention of vaginitis, urogenital infections, irritable bowel syndrome, inflammatorybowel disease, cystic fibrosis, travelerʼs diarrhea, enhance oral vaccine administration, H. pylori infection etc.
Keywords: Antibiotics, Bacterial community, Immunity, Probiotics.
Biography:
Shah Rucksana Akhter Urme has completed her Bsc in Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering from Sylhet Agricultural University and continues Msc from the same University. She has attended National and International Conference. She researched more than one year about pathogenic bacteria both in wet lab and dry lab andnow she enroll in a Environmental project work in National Institute of Biotechnology. She is very passionate about microbial scientific research.
1Department of Biochemistry, Sylhet Agricultural University, Bangladesh
2Faculty of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Sylhet Agricultural University, Bangladesh
Staphylococcus aureus is now a significant pathogen for research analysis in the world wide. Presumptive 100 samples of S aureus were collected from California Mastitis Test (CMT) positive bovine milksamples of Sylhet, Bangladesh. All the samples were cultured on mannitol salt agar (MSA) media as a selective medium for Staphylococcus aureus and 44 were indicated positive after 24 hours of incubation at 37 °C. Only the pure single colonies of presumptive bacterial isolates were selected from each positive sample for further characterization. The main objective of this paper was to detect the changing morphological and biochemical characteristics of Staphylococcus aureus between 15 dayʼs time lag. Under morphological characterization every single colonies displayed the actual phenotypic characteristics of Staphylococcus aureus but observing in biochemical tests, they showed various result although maintaining proper safety and procedure. Isolated 44 positive presumptive S. aureus indicated about 100%, 80% and 85% in Mannitol salt agar test, Triple salt agar test, Citrate agar test accordingly. Moreover, in MR-VP test, oxidase test they indicated 70% and 90% whereas in serological test presumptive bacteria performed positive for coagulase test 16% and 50% for β-hemolysis test. To comparing the results, all tests were screened for the same sample after 15 days for further analysis while 63% samples indicated positive both in citrate test and triple sugar test, 52% samples positive for MR test whereas, in VP test for only 38%. Only 2% changes occurred in MSA test, oxidase test and of coagulase test while the tests of β-hemolysis, catalase and indole result were remain the same. This experiment was carried out in Basic Biotechnology Lab in faculty of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering and Microbiology Lab in Sylhet Agricultural University. This experimental analysis would be beneficial for any further metabolic and evolutionary analysis of Staphylococcus aureus.
Biography:
Shah Rucksana Akhter Urme has completed her Bsc in Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering from Sylhet Agricultural University and continue Msc from the same University. She has attended National and International Conference. She is enthusiastic member of voluntary organization. She researched more than one year about pathogenic bacteria and now she enroll in a Environmental project work in National Institute of Biotechnology. She is very passionate about microbial scientific research.
1University of Madras, India
2Madurai Kamaraj University, India
Polysaccharides protein complex offers a green alternative to synthetic polymers in the drug delivery system. Sericin (SC), a natural protein, in combination with rice bran albumin (RBA) and gellan gum (GG) forms a green based protein polysaccharide complex. The sericin functionalized gellan gum-rice bran (SC-GG-RBA) Nano composites were characterized by different characterization techniques. It shows their prominent ability in balancing the biocompatibility, stability, biodegradability and functionality of Nano carriers. The Nano composites exhibited spherical shape with core protein-polysaccharide structures and the average size was about 218 nm. High amount of Doxorubicin (DOX) was encapsulated into SC-GG-RBA Nano composites in order to investigate the effective drug release in acidic tumor environment. DOX of 84% was released in vitro condition after 120 h in pH 4.0. DOX loaded green Nano composites shows IC50 5 μg/mL which was very low compared to free DOX of 9μg/mL after treatment with MCF-7 cells. Only 42% of cells were survived after treatment with green Nano composites. This was due to the effective uptake of Nano material by cancer cells and direct release of DOX in cytoplasmic region. Such high performance green Nano composites have great potential in expanding the utilization of biomaterial from natural resources and development of sensible application in biomedical field. The sericin functionalized GG Nano composites is a simple, safe, economical procedure and which have improved transfection efficiency. DOX loaded in Nano carrier system is a promising therapeutic strategy against breast cancer. RBA protein and sericin functionalized gellan gum prepared by single emulsification solvent evaporation technique showed high drug encapsulation efficiency with desired particle size, polydispersity index and better DOX release profile. As all components are biodegradable, biocompatible and natural polymers show strong cellular internalization without any toxicity to normal cells. Doxorubicin encapsulated SC-GG-RBA Nano composites, where sericin will help in pH dependent drug release and RBA will induce sustained release of drug. These findings desirable the chemotherapeutic features of SC-GG-RBA as a promising strategy for treating breast cancer with high clinical outcome.
Biography:
Arjama Mukherjee is PhD, student (joined January 2018) in University of Madras, Chennai, India. She is an enthusiastic, adaptive and fast-learning person with a broad and acute interest in Nano-Biotechnology. To pursue her research interest she did her M. Tech in Biotechnology from KIIT University, India and qualified GATE Exam (All India Rank 881). She also gained her hands on experience in Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Cancer Biology field from Central Institutes in India. All of these experiences are helping her to pursue her research on Nanotechnology and to connect these fields so that a new powerful Nano-drug delivery technique can be developed in the field of Cancer.
1Department of Natural Sciences, Ecole Normale Superieure (ENS), Algeria
2Natural and Life Sciences Department, University Mohamed Boudiaf - Mʼsila, Algeria
3Department of Biology, University Ibn Khaldoun, Tunisia
4Department of Food Science and Technology, Kaunas University of Technology, Lithuania
5School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Italy
To contribute to the valorisation of local medicinal plants, we studied the very common plant in traditional medicine, known as Teucrium Polium (Lamiaceae). Extraction of essential oil by hydrodistillation and lipophilic fractions using the supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) from T. polium L., collected in Algeria were performed. The extracts were analyzed by GC-MS. SFE method, showing higher extraction yields (0.86%) than hydrodistillation (0.66%). Quantitative and qualitative analysis showed that essential oils (114 compounds) and SFE-CO2 (51 compounds) revealed a polymorphism and hence the oils are characterized by a high content of sesquiterpene (germacrene D, 13.8%), also the SFE-CO2 extract are characterized by sesquiterpene (germacrene D, 7.8%). Marked qualitative and quantitative differences could be used as chemotaxonomic markers. Quantitative analysis showed that plant material before SFE-CO2 was the most active and possessed TEACDPPH• (64.32 mg TE/g DWP) and TEACFRAP (67.75 mg TE/g DWP), as well as it was the strongest followed by plant material after SFE-CO2 (59.08 mg TE/g DWP) and (56.81 mg TE/g DWP). At the end a very low activity for essential oils (19.14mg TE/g DWP) and (20.21mg TE/g Ex), followed by SFE-CO2 extracts (0.24mg ET/gEx and 1.55mg ET/g Ex) for TEACDPPH• and TEACFRAP respectively.
Keywords: Antioxidant activity, Quencher Approach, GC-MS, Essential oil, SFE-CO2, Teucrium polium.
Institute of Chemical Technology, India
Chemical oil extraction processes are very economical and widely accepted where hexane is most commonly used as a solvent. Although there are many more solvents studied by the researchers as an alternative solvent for hexane, they are not persuading enough in terms of both environmental sustainability and economic benefits. In the present study extraction of the custard apple seed oil was executed by a conventional method using hexane and t-butanol. Comparative study of both the solvents in terms of process efficiency, solvent requirement, energy requirement, evaporation losses elucidated higher efficacy of t-butanol over conventionally used hexane. Application of t-butanol was observed to deliver 0.293 g/g oil extraction with 95.22% solvent recovery whereas an hexane assisted extraction gave 0.287 g/g oil extraction with 94.05% solvent recovery. The extraction was carried out in a baffled stirred tank glass reactor provided with an overhead stirrer. Although evaporation point of t-butanol is higher than hexane, overall energy consumption by t-butanol was observed to be lower than that of the hexane. Extracted oil was witnessed to have better quality in terms of acid value and peroxidise value. An inventory analysis of the extraction processes for 1kg oil production elucidated t-butanol as a more competent solvent than hexane.
Keywords: Custard apple seed oil, hexane, t-butanol, inventory analysis.
Biography:
Ms. Dhanashree Panadare is a final year Ph.D. Student working in the area of organic waste utilization and life cycle assessment from Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai. She has published 3 research paper and 3 review articles in reputed journals.
Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mahraz, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Morocco
The resistance of fungi to fungicides is one of the topical issues and the research axis in full swing. The search for new metabolites of biotechnological interest (pharmaceutical, agri-food, industrial and agricultural applications) is more and more requested. Bioactive natural compounds produced by microorganisms have been promising potential usefulness in safety and human health concerns.
In order to search for new natural and biological antifungal substances to control some pathogenic moulds we screened from the skin of decaying Tangerine in spring water, Aspergillus nidulans. The antagonistic effect on medium (MEA) of this antagonist against Aspergillus, Fusarium, Alternaria and Candida showed in vitro a remote inhibition of the growth of the phytopathogen Alternaria alternatawith an order of 65%. The best performing isolates were used for the production and extraction of secondary metabolites. Extracts of Aspergillus nidulans, were found effective against Alternaria alternata. In the present study following bioassay, ethanol and methanol extracts were more effective than aceton extract against Alternaria alternata. Treatment of tomato fruits by supernatant of Aspergillus nidulanssignificantly reduced by 62% postharvest decay caused by Alternaria alternata. Aspergillus nidulans could be a potential biological agent for the protection of tomato against post harvest disease.
Keywords: Alternaria alternata ; Aspergillusnidulans ; Biological control.
Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Croatia
Increased exploitation of organic residues from various sectors of agriculture and food industries over the past two decades is a repercussion of global request for sustainable development. From that point, environmental and value-added aspects are the most important advantages of such crop residues utilization. Nowadays, different crop residues possess a large potential in the biotechnological field and are used as raw material in different bioprocesses. Among crop residues, much is expected from those of edible oils production, which are in the focus of our research interest. Oil cakes/oil meals are by-products after oil extraction from seeds. They are currently mainly used as feed source and fertilizers, although they possess high nutritional value, especially due to high protein content (from 15% to 50%). Flaxseed and hempseed meal, which are currently exploited less than 10%, contain significant portion of proteins and therefore could be used for preparation of various nutritional supplements. It is an ongoing trend turning agricultural waste proteins into hydrolysates and using them as peptide source in culture media for microbial or cell based bioprocesses. Furthermore, oil cake proteins as well as some other compounds from flaxseed and hempseed meal possess different biological activities (anti-hypertension, antioxidant, antimicrobial, immunomodulatory, etc.) and therefore have potential biomedical application.
The main goal of our work on “HYDRO PEP CELL” project (HRZZ Grant No. 38489) is the application of protein hydrolysates obtained from flaxseed and hempseed in cell culture media as a source of peptides for optimal cell growth and productivity. Furthermore, the screening for biological potential of hydrolyzed proteins would be also assessed, with emphasis onantioxidant and in vitro anticancer activity. Our preliminary results indicate possible usage of those hydrolysates as beneficial component of cell culture media and replacement for still often used animal serum. Also, it was shown that prepared hempseed protein hydrolysates and its fractions possess ant-oxidative activity and could protect cells against induced oxidative stress. Based on that, hempseed and flaxseed proteins and their hydrolysates have potential in production of peptide supplements used for nutritional and/or medicinal purposes.
Biography:
Kristina Radosevic, Ph.D., is assistant professor in the Laboratory for Cell Technology, Application and Biotransformation at the Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Croatia. She received her PhD diploma in the field of biotechnology and bioprocess engineering and accomplished her postdoctoral study at Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia. As a researcher on numerous national projects she gains knowledge and expertise in the field of animal cell culture technology, (cyto) toxicity, cell death, in vitro biological activity, alternative solvents and so on. Lately, her scientific work is focused on ecotoxicity of ionic liquids and deep eutectic solvents, biological activities of plant extracts obtained by alternative solvents as well as possible application of those extracts in biotechnology and other fields of life sciences. She has published 28 papers in peer reviewed journals and as a (co)author attended more than 30 international conferences.
National Agricultural Research Centre, Pakistan
The aim of presentation consist of biotechnology, health, daily life, poverty and hunger were studied and reported that biotechnology is necessary for the development of health, basic need of daily life, reduction in poverty and hunger in the world. Biotechnology is the use of organisms in manufacturing processes to create products or to solve industrial or environmental problems. In other words, biotechnology is the use of the data and techniques of engineering and technology for the study and solution of problems concerning living organisms. Bioindustry firms can be organized into the eight different categories, industries including, Therapeutics: products such as pharmaceuticals and medical devices that cure or reduce the incidence of disease. Diagnostics: products that test for the presence of various health or disease states. Agricultural: products related to crop and livestock production. Bioremediation: products using biotechnology-designed bioremediation organisms to clean up oil or other spills. Energy: products that use bacteria and other biological processes to create new sources of energy. Materials: products that incorporate the use of new materials, including chemicals that are created by the blending of biological, nanotechnology and other emerging technological processes. Bioindustry suppliers: specialized materials, equipment or services provided to other bioindustry firms. Such products include reagents, specialized software and technical instruments for gene splicing. Bioinformatics: bioinformatics is an information science using products and services associated with advanced computer based tools including analytical software, data bases, gene models, protein pathway simulations, data mining and e-commerce. The study further reported that the different industries of biotechnology are necessary for the development of health, basic need of daily life, absorbing millions of technical and nontechnical peoples, generate income, create employment, reduce poverty and hunger in the world.
References
1. Biotechnology Archived 2012-11-07 at the Way back Machine. Portal.acs.org. Retrieved on 2013-03-20.
2. What is biotechnology? Europabio. Retrieved on 2013-03-20.
3. «A decade of EU-funded GMO research (2001–2010)» (PDF). Directorate-General for Research and Innovation. Biotechnologies, Agriculture, Food. European Commission, European Union. 2010. doi:10.2777/97784. ISBN 978-92-79-16344-9. Retrieved February 8, 2016.
4. Cole-Turner, Ronald (2003). «Biotechnology». Encyclopedia of Science and Religion. Retrieved 7 December 2014.
5. Jump up to:a b Thieman, W.J.; Palladino, M.A. (2008). Introduction to Biotechnology. Pearson/Benjamin Cummings. ISBN 0-321-49145-9.
Biography:
Mr. Muhammad Usman, Former Director General of Agricultural Research System, Government of Pakistan who retired from service after a spotless career of about 35 years with senior level experience on research and development of integrated agricultural production, industries, biotechnology and bioenergy on a sustainable way. Mr. Usman is basically an agricultural scientist with specialization of agricultural, food and biochemistry working on the yield and quality of various products and published several research papers. Mr. Usman is consider as the senior most scientist in the world, always participated in the international conferences as a keynote speech, renowned speaker, organizing committee member as well as moderator of the conferences around the world. Mr. Usman established “Prominent Agro Based Industries, Agro Based Industries and Consultancy SDN BHD” in Malaysia and “Foundation for Rural Development in Pakistan”, with primarily aims to work on integrated agricultural project for Rural Development through improvement in agriculture and consultancy services to the formers at Malaysia.
1University of Madras, India
2Madurai Kamaraj University, India
Polysaccharides are increasingly used as biodegradable nanocarrier to selectively deliver therapeutic agents to specific cells. In this study, maleate gellan gum (MA-GG) formed by addition of free radical polymerizable groups, which can be polymerized presence of acetone to design biodegradable three-dimensional networks, were synthesized by esterification. Natural silk sericin was grafted over the maleate gellan gum surface. Maleate Gellan Gum- Silk Sericin-Chitosan (MA-GG-SS-CS) Nano composites loaded with rifampicin (RF) and pyrazinamide (PZA) to overcome the problems associatedwith Tuberculosis (TB) therapy. The PH responsive behavior of gellan gumnanocomposites was reposed by silk sericin and exhibited sustained release of 79% RF and 82% PZA for 120 h at pH 4.0. The designed formulations shows higher antimycobacterial activity and rapid delivery of drugs at TB infected macrophage. Nano material effectively aggregated and internalized into the bacterial cells and MH-S cells. Dual drug release inside the cells makes damage in the cell membrane. Green Nano composites studies pave the way for important use of macromolecules in pulmonary delivery TB drugs. MA-GG-SS-CS was new type of green Nano composites and used as delivery of RF and PZA to TB cells. Nano system composed of multifunctional biomaterials loaded with high amount of drug, sustained release and stimuli responsive behaviour. The surface morphology and particle size was representing in HR-SEM and AFM. In addition, the pH responsive release of dual drug at acidic pH which favors the effect on TB infected macrophage of acidic environment. A Nano material effectively binds with TB cells and potent dual drugs break the cell membrane.
Biography:
S. Mehnath, is a PhD student (joined January 2018) in University of Madras, Chennai, India am an enthusiastic, adaptive and fast-learning person with a broad and acute interest in Nano-Biotechnology. To persue his research interest and he did M. Tech in Biotechnology from Bharthidasan University, Trichy, India. He have also gained his hands on experience in Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Cancer Biology field from Central Institutes in India. He is working as a Junior Research Fellow in SERB Project, Govt of India. All of these experiences are helping him to pursue his research on Nanotechnology and to connect these fields so that a new powerful Nano-drug delivery technique can be developed in the field of Cancer.
1Environmental Science Center, Qatar University
2Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Qatar University, Qatar
Plant micro-propagation systems have been used as an alternative approach to propagate and conserve a large number of rare and endangered plant species that show difficulties to be propagated using conventional methods of propagation.
In the current study, conservation of rare and endangered desert plants using in-vitro culture were developed. Generally, these plants are not easy to be propagated by classical horticultural methods. Different techniques including micro-propagation, in vitro seed germination and regeneration from callus were applied to propagate and conserve six endangered plant species in Qatar.
Seeds of the plant species were collected, surface sterilized and germinated under aseptic condition using 0.5X MS media. Seedlings from in-vitro germination of the seeds were used as explants. The results revealed that the highest callus production of Leptadenipyrotechnica was obtained using 2.0 mg/L BAP. In addition, 0.5 mg/L and 2.0 mg/L NAA were good for callus initiation, compared to other hormones. In case of Glossonemavarians the best plant growth regulators to induce callus were 1.5 mg/l IBA and 2mg/l BAP. Prosopis cineraria formed the best callus under both 2.0 mg/l 2, 4, D and 1.5 mg/l IBA. The obtained callus was treated to regenerate new plantlets.
DNA profiling of the desert plants
Five native Qatari plants were chosen based on their ecological and medicinal significance. Fresh leaves were collected, frozen using liquid nitrogen and grinded, whole genomic DNA was extracted using Dneasy plant mini kit (QIAGEN). Total of 18 primers were tested on five plant samples, primers were chosen according to primary tests on plant samples. Eight primers amplified visible clear bands and were used for DNA profiling. A total of 215 bands were resolved by 8 primers, with an average of 26 bands per primer. The bands were distributed on the five plant species with an average of 43 bands per plant.
In conclusion, the success of micro-propagation and in-vitro conservation of the selected endangered plants depends on the best choice of the explants, the efficiency of the sterilization method and correct plant growth regulator.
Acknowledgment: “This publication was supported by Qatar University Internal Grant No. QUUG-CAS-BES-17/18-9. The findings achieved herein are solely the responsibility of the author[s].”
Biography:
Dr. Talaat Ahmed is an Associate Professor of Plant Molecular Genetics, Environmental Science Center, Qatar University. He obtained his Ph.D. from Yokohama City University, Japan in 2000 and worked as Visiting Scientist and post-doctoral fellow from (2001-2006) at different international institutes and Universities. He is enrolled in numerous research projects funded by QNRF as Lead PI, Co-LPI and PI including four NPRP projects, one QSTP project and several UREP projects. He published more than 48 original scientific paper and one book chapter. His research focuses on Genome mapping and QTL analysis, Molecular markers, Plant Genetic Engineering, Tissue culture and Classical Plant Breeding.
University of Boumerdes, Algeria
Background and aim: The main objective of this work is to overcome the effect of salt stress on wheat through different techniques and biotechnology approaches, which are used to improve the behavior of different varieties of durum wheat and to select the best performing one. Somatic embryogenesis is currently integrated into many selection schemes since it can significantly reduce the length of improvement cycles.
Methods: Development of a somatic embryos is obtained after culturing tree varieties of durum wheat on a nutrient medium supplemented with 3.5mg/l of l 2.4-D.
Selection of tolerant varieties in relation to salt stress has been realized by the addition of a selectiv agent: the NaCl (0 and 16 g/l). RAPD profiles analyses revealed the presence of somaclonal variations after regeneration of several seedlings.
Results: The analysis of the results reveals the embryogene capacity of the three varieties studied by durum wheat. After culturing these three varieties on a regeneration medium, the development of seedlings from embryos somatic has been recorded with a rate of 30.36%, 13.33% and 24.74% regeneration respectively for the varieties Beliouni, Waha and Adnan-2 in salt stress absence and a rate of 4.07 %, 14.15% and 3.38% respectively for the varieties Beliouni, Waha and Adnan-2 in the salt stress présence.
The analysis by profile RAPD with 2 arbitrary primers (OPE-13 And OPA- 17) seedlings regenerated in presence and absence of salt stress reveal a rate of polymorphism equal to 11.11% for the primer OPE- 13 and 6.25% for the primer OPA-17, the presence of these polymorphic bands indicate the presence of somaclonals variations.
Conclusion: Even if the durum wheat is a recalcitrant plant which answers with difficulty the culture, the somatic embryogénèse is one of vegetable biotechnology techniques which can overcome all genomic barriers and through which the varieties of durum wheat can be improved in relation to their resistance to various stress abiotiques.
Keywords: Durum wheat, Somatic embryos, Salt stress, RAPD analysis.
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