Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (UTHM), Malaysia
Sour water is contaminated water that produces from crude distillation unit. Sour water composed of many unknown elements that may initiate corrosion problem. The purpose of this research is to identify corrosion rate of carbon steel in this sour water and effect of using this overhead sour water as wash water to other units such as crude unit desalter system. The composition of sour water was investigated to identify aggressive elements in the sour water that may initiate corrosion problem at overhead crude system if untreated sour water used as wash water for crude unit desalter system. ICP test been conducted to identify any elements that may initiate corrosion such as Cd, Cu, Pb, Zn and Cr in sour water composition. Apart, pH, salinity and dissolve oxygen in sour water shown that sour water not achieve the Petronasʼs technical standard for wash water. Carbon steel were used as working electrode in this research to represent material used in Petronas. Electrochemical test using potentiostat and immersion test had been conducted to identify the corrosion rate of carbon steel. Three different solutions were prepared namely, sour water, sodium chloride (NaCl) and dilution of sour water used to make comparison between the rates of corrosion. The results of electrochemical and immersion was been compared and the trend of the graphs was analysed. Weight loss for immersion test and Tafel extrapolation graph from potentiostat indicate the corrosion rate higher in sour water compared to other solutions. The corrosion product on specimen been observed under optical microscope and Scanned Electron Microscope. The elements of iron, oxide, carbon and sulphur found in sour water while element of iron, oxide, carbon, silicon, manganese and sodium found in seawater from EDX and XRD test. The hardness of carbon steel and after the experiment been measured and decrease after corrosion attack. However, sour water with purged oxygen revealed reduction rate on carbon steel up to 20%. As a conclusion, sour water is not suitable to be used directly as wash water in overhead crude system. However, it can be recycle if the solution is treated with inhibitor and purged out the oxygen.
Biography:
Dr. Azzura Ismail was graduated from the University of Leeds, United Kingdom in corrosion area and currently senior lecturer at the Faculty of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering of Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia. With her 16 years and more experience in teaching, she has taught several courses for postgraduate and undergraduate students. Her research interest is in corrosion, materials selection and failure analysis with regards to corrosion failures. She has research collaboration with industries and was attached to Malaysiaʼs prestigious oil & gas company, Petronas. She also an active member to several memberships and currently a treasurer of National Association of Corrosion Engineers (NACE) International, Founding Malaysia Section.
1Centre of Lipids Engineering and Applied Research (CLEAR)/School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Malaysia
2Centre for Bio-fuel and Biochemical Research/Chemical Engineering Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Malaysia
3School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Malaysia
Freeze concentration (FC) is a process that crystallizes the water component in a solution into ice crystal which in turn produces highly concentrated solution and pure water. This process is gaining acceptance in solution concentration process as it could offer an easy low-temperature separation with a comparable efficiency and relatively low energy. This paper reviews the freeze concentration process itself followed by its potential to be applied in the oil and gas related industry. The first application is in the handling of produced water or brine from the oil and gas exploration. The main aim is to reduce the volume of the produced water where FC is deemed to be appropriate for the task. Research shows that water can be removed from this wastewater efficiently through FC. The performance of the process has been assessed through the final concentration of the concentrated wastewater and the purity of the melted ice crystals. The research demonstrated that FC is a practical volume reduction method with high separation efficiency. In another application, FC has been introduced to separate water from ethanol-water mixture. The performance of the process was evaluated at different readings of stirring rate and coolant temperature. The highest ethanol concentration of 52.2% and 56.5% were obtained at the highest stirring rate (500 rpm) and the lowest coolant temperature (-14°C), respectively. FC has also been applied in biodiesel winterization to reduce the saturated fatty acid (SFA) content to enhance the fuel cold flow properties. The results show that the highest reduction in cloud point (2.65%), pour point (14.29%) and SFA (3.96%) were obtained at conditions of 6°C, 20 minutes and 50 rpm with 65.46% biodiesel recovery.
Biography:
Associate Professor Dr. Mazura Jusoh is an academic staff at Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor, Malaysia. She graduated with Bachelor of Chemical Engineering from University of Bradford England and Universiti Teknologi Malaysia for her Master and PhD. She has vast experience in chemical engineering separation technologies including distillation, extraction, adsorption and absorption. Her specialized research interest is in freeze concentration, where she is the pioneer of this research field in Malaysia. Her freeze concentration research has covered applications in various industries including food, pharmaceutical and waste water treatment. Her aspiration is to give exposure on this research field to Malaysians specifically and further establish her research expertise globally.
Banaras Hindu University, India
Ionic Liquids (ILs) have become popular in recent times due to their wide application ranges starting from green solvent to as a whole new ionic material. In recent times, we have observed dramatically increased interest in the lubrication and anti-wear capabilities of ILs as compared with general lubrication oils in the field of tribology. Unlike conventional lubrication oils where it is difficult to adapt/modify them to specific functions, the design of innovative ILs to achieve various task-specific functions can be easily realized. Electrical conduction is another most distinctive characteristic that distinguishes ILs from conventional lubricants. In certain tribological applications, both lubrication and electrical conduction are required and ionic liquids can play a greater role there.
In this conference, we shall emphasis on how high flexibility of molecular design of ionic liquids can tune its properties which can be used for favorable applications like using both as neat lubricant or as well as efficient additive in oil for lubrication. We shall discuss synthesis, characterizations, structural and thermal studies of various types of designers ILs (both halogen and biodegradable non-halogen ion based) which can act as superior high-performance lubricating agent compared to other conventional engine oils.
Biography:
Satyen Saha was born in Kolkata and he received his B.Sc. and M.Sc. Chemistry in 1996 from Jadavpur University, Kolkata. He did his Ph.D. (Photochemistry) in 2002 from Hyderabad Central University, India. Subsequently he moved to Department of Chemistry, University of Tokyo, Tokyo for postdoctoral research (2002–2005) followed by post-doctoral research work in Georgetown University, Washington DC, USA. He was the recipient of JSPS postdoctoral and JSPS Bridge fellowships for the foreign researcher. At present he is an Associate Professor in Physical Chemistry, in department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University (central university), Varanasi, India.
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