Energy Research Institute, UK
The demand for energy continued to outstrip supply and necessitated the development of biomass option. Residues were the most popular forms of renewable energy and currently biofuel production became much promising. Agricultural wastes contained high moisture content and could be decomposed easily by microbes. Agricultural wastes were abundantly available globally and could be converted to energy and useful chemicals by a number of microorganisms. Compost or bio-fertiliser could be produced with the inoculation of appropriated thermophilic microbes which increased the decomposition rate, shortened the maturity period and improved the compost (or bio-fertiliser) quality. The objective of the present research was to promote the biomass technology and involved adaptive research, demonstration and dissemination of results. With a view to fulfill the objective, a massive field survey was conducted to assess the availability of raw materials as well as the present situation of biomass technologies. In the present communication, an attempt had also been made to present an overview of present and future use of biomass as an industrial feedstock for production of fuels, chemicals and other materials. We may conclude from the review paper that biomass technology must be encouraged, promoted, invested, implemented and demonstrated not only in urban areas but also in remote rural areas.
Biography:
Dr. Abdeen Omer is an Associate Researcher at Energy Research Institute (ERI). He obtained both his PhD degree in the Built Environment and Master of Philosophy degree in Renewable Energy Technologies from the University of Nottingham. He is qualified Mechanical Engineer with a proven track record within the water industry and renewable energy technologies. He has been graduated from University of El Menoufia, Egypt, BSc in Mechanical Engineering. His previous experience involved being a member of the research team at the National Council for Energy Research Institute in Sudan and working director of research and development for National Water Equipment Manufacturing Co. Ltd., Sudan. He has been listed in the book WHO in the World 2005, 2006, 2007 and 2010. He has published over 300 papers in peer-reviewed journals, 200 review articles, 15 books and 150 chapters in books.
1Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Turkey
2Universiti Teknologi Petronas, Turkey
Reducing the length or molecular weight of the chain as a result of scission a bond in a polymer chain is termed polymer degradation in the literature. Polymer degradation can be done by various methods. Thermal and other methods of degradation of polymers in the solid state, due to insufficient heat transfer and high viscosity, bring about control difficulties. However, polymer degradation in the solution has better advantages due to good heat transfer and a single phase. The viscosity and the molecular weight decrease as the polymer chains scission. Chemical degradation in the chemical substance, factors such as cross-linking, random processing and the need for temperature. In thermal degradation, high temperature, random or terminal bond breaks, oligomer formation occurs. Enzymatic degradation requires various enzymes. Very special devices are required for flow-based mechanical degradation. Ultrasonic polymer chain scission it is different from above methods and has several advantages over its use. In this study, the use of ultrasound in polymer technology and in detail the effect of ultrasound on polymer chain breakage and solution viscosity have been mentioned.
Biography:
Prof. Afsin Gungor received his Ph. D in mechanical engineering, Istanbul Technical University in 2006. He is presently professor and Founder Dean of Bucak Technology Faculty, Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Burdur, Turkey and he is also professor of mechanical engineering at Akdeniz University, Turkey. His research interests include Modeling and Simulation of Chemical Reactions and Reactors, New and Renewable Energy Sources, Energy Conversion and Management, Simulation and Modeling of Energy Systems, Combustion and Gasification of Coal and Biomass in Fluidized Beds, Hydrogen Production and Purification in Gasification of Coal and Biomass, Solar Thermal Applications, Environmental Sustainability, Carbon, Energy and Water Footprint, Nanotechnology.
Baskent University, Turkey
Within the scope of this study, reinforced concrete column specimens were designed and fabricated to be strengthened, composite specimens and concrete reinforced specimens were put into the compression test and performance tests were carried out. In the first stage of the project, column design and mold designs are completed. Later, the materials to be used in the production of the column were selected. In the second stage of the project, the columns were manufactured and reinforced by two different methods. The reinforced columns were inserted into the compression test and analyzed. Cost and performance comparisons were made.
King Saud University, Saudi Arabia
The quality and assessment of a reservoir can be documented in details by the application of Molar enthalpy. This research aims to calculate fractal dimension from the relationship among Molar enthalpy, maximum Molar enthalpy and wetting phase saturation and to approve it by the fractal dimension derived from the relationship among capillary pressure and wetting phase saturation. Two equations for calculating the fractal dimensions have been employed. The first one describes the functional relationship between wetting phase saturation, Molar enthalpy, maximum Molar enthalpy and fractal dimension. The second equation implies to the wetting phase saturation as a function of capillary pressure and the fractal dimension. Two procedures for obtaining the fractal dimension have been utilized. The first procedure was done by plotting the logarithm of the ratio between Molar enthalpy and maximum Molar enthalpy versus logarithm wetting phase saturation. The slope of the first procedure = 3-Df (fractal dimension). The second procedure for obtaining the fractal dimension was determined by plotting the logarithm of capillary pressure versus the logarithm of wetting phase saturation. The slope of the second procedure = Df-3. On the basis of the obtained results of the fabricated stratigraphic column and the attained values of the fractal dimension, the sandstones of the Shajara reservoirs of the Shajara Formation were divided here into three units.
AGH University of Science and Technology, Poland
The work presents the results of the research on the application of the new numerical method with the fast multivariate identification procedure as a tool for analysing the microporous structure of the carbonaceous materials on the basis of high-temperature multiple carbon dioxide and methane adsorption isotherms. The analysis involved double and triple adsorption isotherms obtained in various temperatures which is a unique approach to microporous structure of activated carbons analysis. The proposed method with an implemented of the fast multivariate method of fitting theoretical mathematical models to empirical adsorption isotherms can successfully be applied in analysing the structure of the carbonaceous materials on the basis of high-temperature carbon dioxide and methane adsorption isotherms, providing complex information about the microporous structure of the mentioned materials. An simultaneous analysis of two and three adsorption isotherms enhances the reliability and accuracy of the determined parameters of the microporous structure not withstanding an increase in the number of parameters determined at the same time, which testifies to the high quality of the numerical procedures applied and the assumptions behind the mathematical models of adsorption on heterogeneous surfaces.
Acknowledgments: The work was financed from the Research Subvention from the Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education for the AGH University of Science and Technology in Krakow No. 16.16.210.476.
Biography:
Dr. hab. eng. Mirosław Kwiatkowski in 2004 obtained Ph.D. degree from the Faculty of Energy and Fuels at the AGH University of Science and Technology in Kraków, Poland and in 2018 D.Sc. degree from the Faculty of Chemistry at the Wrocław University of Technology, Poland in the discipline: chemical technology. Currently Dr. hab. eng. Mirosław Kwiatkowski is working an assistant professor at the AGH University of Science and Technology at the Faculty of Energy and Fuels. His published work includes more than 40 papers in reputable international journals and 90 conference proceedings.
Tianjin University, China
The paraffin, decane, octane and hexane, were chosen to make emulsions of the water-in-oil in terms of their lower fusion points and higher methane solubilities to study the methane hydration rate. The ice particles from supercooled emulsions provided the nucleation center and removed the hydration heat promptly through their reversed phase change. Meanwhile the solubility differences of methane in the paraffins and water enlarged the driving force of mass transfer. Finally, the hydration rates of methane were significantly enhanced in a batch autoclave at initial conditions of temperature from -1 to -5.7°C, pressure 5.90MPa, water-cuts 10–30 vol% and stirrer speed of 700 rpm. The highest hydration rate reached 158.2 kmolh-1m-3, which is obviously larger than those in the slurry of phase change material in water and the other achievements.
Acknowledgements
This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) (No. 21776206) and National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program, No. 2012CB215005).
PTT Public Company Limited, Thailand
The Soothsayer is an innovation, based on predictive maintenance to predict the failures and anomalies of the machines in the production at Rayong Gas Separation Plant, such as gas turbine, centrifugal compressor, fuel system, lubrication system etc. The Soothsayer, as a machine learning, learns from vast amount of historical data collected from machines sensors such as pressure values, temperature and vibration values which recorded and stored in the database 24/7. With certain amount and quality of data, the Soothsayer can predict whether the machine is normal or abnormal, by learning and analyzing the values and correlations of temperature, pressure, vibration etc. If the parameters deviate from the normal condition, the Soothsayer will detect the abnormality and inform an inspector and relevant persons proactively. This will the main objective which is to prevent and respond to machine anomalies in a timely manner.
It enhances from the traditional maintenance practice, Corrective Maintenance to Predictive Maintenance (Machine Learning and Deep Analytics), which will reduce the cost of natural gas production due to the far greater minimized in unplanned downtime and maintenance costs.
The digital information is used to maximize the benefits by analyzing the data from the machine sensors through a data science technique together with the engineering knowledge and expertise for the results enhancing reliability of the Gas Separation Plant, increasing economic value and increasing efficiency in maintenance work.
Tyumen Petroleum Research Center of Rosneft Company, Russia
Assets of the Pechora-LNG Project are located in the Timan-Pechora Province, Russia. It includes two gas condensate fields discovered in the 1970s. The fields have not been under development. The main development target is the reservoir C2-3, containing 97% of reserves of the Field A. Pay zone С2-3 is carbonate formation of the Middle-Upper Carboniferous. The initial flow rates of wells may vary by 10 times under similar technical test conditions (choke size, reservoir drawdown). Therefore, for the effective development of the target, the task of identifying and forecasting the most productive zones within these fields is relevant.
According to the results of work carried out by the team of Tyumen Petroleum Research Center specialists in 2017-2018 and the middle part of the C3 zone (Upper Carboniferous), a super-reservoir layer has been identified. This reservoir is characterized by a limited lateral development and its thickness varies from 4 to 16 m. Max gas flow rates coincided with this interval. According to the set of available data, it was possible to establish criteria for identifying a super-reservoir by log and core. A complex of up to date core studies has been carried out and the super reservoir parameters have been determined. The spatial geometry has been identified based on 3D seismic vs log and genesis of the super-reservoir has been revealed. The reserves addition has been obtained. Absolutely free gas flow rate of a super-reservoir can reach 10 million m3/day.
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