National Chemical Laboratory (NCL), India
Diels-Alder reaction is one of the most important C-C bond forming reactions used widely by synthetic chemists. Conventionally, Diels-Alder reaction has been carried out in organic solvents. However, the past few years have witnessed an increasing concern over the environmental hazards posed by the commonly used volatile organic solvents. This has lead to the use of ‘green solventsʼ like water, ionic liquids, supercritical fluids, new supersaturated solvent (NSS) etc. for carrying out many organic transformations.
A detailed kinetic investigation of the Diels-Alder reaction of cyclopentadiene with a variety of acrylates was undertaken. A comparative study indicates that Diels-Alder reactions are faster in NSS than in water, ionic liquids and organic solvents. Effect of individual components in NSS and viscosity study in accordance with kinetics in aqueous unsaturated, saturated and supersaturated solvent provide the importance of H-bonding characteristic. Again, temperature dependent kinetic data suggest that highly viscous nature of the NSS in fact enhance the rate of reaction through vibration activation collision controlled regime, as compared to water and ionic liquid. In addition, the high H-bonding capacity of NSS also cannot be ruled out. The work is the first experimental evidence of the fact that NSS is the solvent of choice for promoting Diels-Alder reactions.
Libyan Petroleum Institute, Libya
Membrane gas separation process is conceptually simple, however; when solving the equations that govern the flux through a membrane, convergence problems appear, especially at low permeate to feed pressure ratios and high stage cuts (ratio of permeate flow rate to feed flow rate). In the literature, different solutions have been proposed to overcome the convergence problems. However, there is still a need for a stable and computationally efficient approach for solving the system equations for multicomponent mixtures in various configurations of the membrane module.
This work introduces a robust solution strategy to solve the resulting set of equations. In the solution strategy, Newton method and Runge-Kutta method are used to solve the mass balance equations. The permeate mole fractions are bounded and the local error for the Runge-Kutta method is adjusted to avoid obtaining unfeasible solutions. The predictive accuracy of the proposed solution strategy is verified by comparing the obtained results with experimental and published data. Results show that the proposed solution strategy provides fast and accurate prediction of the membrane performance at various operating conditions and flow configurations.
The proposed solution strategy, which is presented in this work, is useful for an analysis of the degrees of freedom in a membrane separation process and to evaluate the separation performance in membrane-assisted separation processes.
Biography:
Asma Etoumi is currently working for the Libyan Petroleum Institute, Tripoli, Libya. Asma Etoumi joined the department of biotechnology as a researcher in 2003 and after that he moved to the department of process engineering in 2007. He received the B.E. and MS.c. in Chemical Engineering from Tripoli University, in 1998 and 2004 respectively, and the PhD degree, in 2014, from the University of Manchester (Centre for Process Integration/School of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science), U k.
His current research interest includes separation process design and optimization, membrane gas separation system, and refrigeration system.
The Petroleum Institute, UAE
Comprehensive experimental work has been carried out to investigate the foaming behavior of aqueous Methyl di ethanolamine (MDEA) in presence of twenty different contaminates including degradation products i.e. N,N,N-tris-(hydroxyethyl) ethylenediamine (THEED), hydroxyethyl ethylenediamine (HEED), N,N/-bis-(hydroxyethyl) piperazine (bHEP), N,N-bis-(2-hydroxyethyl) glycine (bicine), organic acids, and liquid organics. This foaming study was combined with physical characterization of the tested solution to enhance the understanding of the foaming behavior. The foaming tendency of aqueous MDEA solution was reported in terms of foam volume. Foam stability was reported on the basis of the time required for the last bubble to break. The results of this study showed that each contaminate has influenced the foaming behavior either by changing the foam volume or breaking time or both. However, it has been noticed that whatever is the added contaminates to the amine solution it drags the physical properties of the amine to a point where the foaming behavior will be changed. For example, in case of THEED and HEED, the addition of these degradation products increased the foam tendency and stability of the solution as a result of increasing solution viscosity; higher bulk viscosity retards the foam collapse caused by gravity drainage. It is believed that the bottleneck of predicating the foam behavior of any solution would be the predication and monitoring of its physical properties behavior and interaction. We are working now to develop the understating of the interaction between the physical properties and their combined effect on the foaming behavior of the amine solution; this will lead to a breakthrough in foaming monitoring and prediction. Mathematical model on tendencyand stability of foaming ispresented in this paper to explain the effect of physical properties on foam volume and breaking time of aqueous MDEA solutions.
Keywords: Gas sweetening, foaming, foam stability and break time, amine degradation, amine physical properties
Biography:
Dr. Emad Alhseinat is currently a Research and Teaching Associate in the Chemical Engineering Department at the Petroleum Institute (PI) in Abu Dhabi.
Dr. Alhseinat has been working in Abu Dhabi Petroleum Institute as Research and Teaching Associate since 1st September 2013. During this period, he has been heavily involved in research activity, writing and preparing scientific proposals and presentations and publishing scientific articles. He has managed to publish one book chapter and several scientific journal papers addressing the foaming problem in natural gas sweetening units, a thermodynamic description of acid gas solubility in amine solution and the thermophysical properties characterization of gas sweetening amine solutions. Dr. Alhseinat came from the University of Edinburgh. Dr. Alhseinat is actively involved in oil and gas produced water treatment. He published a number of articles from his research in scientific journals in the field of membrane science and desalination. He also presented his work in various international conferences. He is expert in membrane fouling experiments and modelling.
Anna University, India
Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) are devices that use microorganisms as catalysts to oxidize organic and inorganic matter to generate electricity. They have the potential for sustainable energy production, waste disposal and reducing CO2 emissions. It is known that electron transfer between the bacterial catalysts and the anode is low, leading to a high internal resistance that reduces the power generated in MFCs. A laboratory-scale H-shaped Pseudomonas catalyzed microbial fuel cell (MFC) was investigated for its performance in decolourizing synthetic wastewater containing azo dyes. The azo-dyes investigated in this study were methyl orange (MO), Congo red, reactive blue 172 (RB), reactive yellow 145, and reactive red 2. Among the azo dyes in anode chamber MO resulted in the highest power density (4100 μW/m2) with graphite electrodes and a decolourization efficiency of 94%. The azo bonds were cleaved in all the dyes tested, and their metabolites in the anolytes were characterized by UV-visible spectral and HPLC analyses. To reduce the internal resistance of MFC and maximize the power density, different metal salt doped graphite epoxy composites were tested. In the case of azo dyes MO and RB, the power output increased substantially (almost 1.2 fold) when using Mn2+.
Biography:
Dr J Jayapriya is currently working as Associate professor in Department of Applied science and Technology, AC Tech, Anna University, Chennai, India. She has a B. Tech and M. Tech in Chemical Engineering and completed PhD in the arena of Microbial fuel Cells. She has around 15 years of research and teaching experience. She has more than 20 research papers and research interest is in fuel cells, Air dispersion Modeling, Water treatment and Microbial Corrosion.
Vaal University of Technology, South Africa
Coal can be converted to different chemical products through processes such destructive distillation. The destructive distillation of coal yields coke as the main product with by-products such as coal tar pitch (CTP). CTP has a wide range of applications especially in the carbon processing industries with typical applications including manufacture of anodes used in many electrochemical processes as well as Söderberg electrodes used in eletric arc furnances. This paper presents results from a study carried out to establish the baking isotherm temperature of coal tar pitch during thermal treatment. Thermomechanical analysis (TMA) was used to measure the dimensional changes which take place in pitch in the baking zone during thermal treatment. Elemental analysis, Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FT-IR) and Numclear Magnetic Resonace spectroscopy were used to evaluate the chemical composition of different raw and thermally treated coal tar pitch samples. The results from this study demonstrated that the baking isotherm temperature of coal tar pitch is the same irrespective of the chemical composition and origin of the coal tar pitch. In addition to that, the results also indicated that the coal tar pitches shrunk approximately 12% if exposed to temperatures above the baking isotherm temperature up to 1300°C.
Biography:
Dr. Lay Shoko completed his Ph.D majoring in Chemistry from North West University (South Africa) in 2014. Lay Shoko is currently working as a Senior Research Technologist in the Department of Chemical Engineering at the Vaal University of Technology. Lay Shoko theses was focused on the studying the effects of the chemical composition of coal tar pitch on dimensional changes during graphitization. Lay Shoko is currently working on a projects the involve producing activated carbon from coal tar pitch and its application in removal of phenols from waste water.
University Of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt
Environmental pollution through crude oil spill is a serious problem which degrades the functions of the fragile ecosystem. Much had been done on the effects of crude oil on soil properties but little is known on its effects on hydromorphic soil especially in Nigeria and its likely implications on public health. This study was carried out to determine the impact of oil spillage on soil chemical and biological properties and its implications on public health. Seven 10m x 10m quadrats of about 100m apart were randomly laid in each site whereby soil samples were collected at the topsoil of 0-15cm depth of the soil profile. A total of seven soil samples were collected in each plot with the use of soil auger into well-labelled polythene bags. The soil samples were air-dried and carefully sieved with 2mm diameter mesh after which standard laboratory techniques were used to determine chemical properties of the soil which included pH, Calcium (Ca), Potassium (K), Sodium (Na) and magnesium (Mg), Cation Exchange Capacity, total Nitrogen (N), available Phosphorus (P), Organic carbon and total hydrocarbon; and biological properties including hydrocarbon utilizing bacteria (HUB) and hydrocarbon utilizing fungal (HUF). Descriptive analysis was also used to explain the mean values of soil properties under each plot. Findings indicated that the mean pH was more acidic (5.21) in the polluted soil than the non-polluted soil (6.08) while the mean organic carbon (3.44%) and mean total hydrocarbon (8,485.7 mg g-1) were higher in the polluted soil. However, mean exchangeable bases (Ca, Mg, K) and total nitrogen were higher in the control soil than the polluted soil. It was indicated that the mean HUB (3.7x105cfu/g) and HUF (2.9x104cfu/g) were higher in the polluted soil. The increase in the total hydrocarbon in the polluted site is an indication that heavy metals would have been released to the soil and they can enter into food chain by consuming crops grown on such soil; suggesting that human health is in danger. The study recommended among others that phyto-remediation should be encouraged to reduce the quantity of crude oil in the soil; and more importantly there should be public awareness on environmental implications of oil exploration and exploitation.
Keywords: Crude oil, Environmental pollution, Hydromorphic soil, Phyto-remediation, Pollution, Public health
Biography:
Dr Olatunde Sunday Eludoyin holds B.Sc (Ed) Geography from Obafemi Awolowo University (Adeyemi College of Education, Ondo Campus) in 1999. Thereafter, he proceeded to the University of Ibadan where he obtained M.Sc. (GIS) in 2002; M.Sc. (Geography) in 2004 and Ph.D (Biogeography) in 2016. He has about forty (40) publications in the national and international journals. Dr Eludoyin has been involved in many projects as a GIS Analyst. He has been an Online Editor for British Journal of Environment and Climate Change; South African Journal of Plant and Soil; Asian Journal of Agricultural Extension, Economics and Sociology; Time Journal of Social Sciences; American Chemical Science Journal; Journal of Geography and Regional Planning and Sage Open Journal. Dr Eludoyin is a member of various international and national professional bodies including Association of Nigerian Geographers (Nigeria), Forestry Association of Nigeria (Nigeria) and International Society for Development and Sustainability (Japan). Dr Eludoyin got married to Mrs. Esther Bosede Eludoyin and has three children (Iyanuoluwa, Inioluwa and Ireoluwa).
SSN College of Engineering, India
A total of 168 comprising cations which include 1-ethyl-3-methylimidaozlium, 1-ethylpyridinium, 1-ethyl-1-methyl pyrrolidinium, 1-ethyl- 1-methylpiperidinium [EMPIP], 4-ethyl-4-methyl morpholinium, and 1,2,4-trimethylpyrazoliumcombined with 26 anions were investigatedand. Further, a total94 deep eutectic solvents (DESs) based on different combinations of salt cation, anion, hydrogen-bond donor (HBD) and salt: HBD molar ratio are screened via the conductor-like screening model for real solvents (COSMO-RS) for potential use in the extractive denitrification of liquid fuel. The extraction of nitrogen compounds using ILʼs and DES are driven by hydrogen-bonding interaction, structural orientation, charge – charge interaction, and orbital level interaction, etc. It was found that five member ring compounds report higher selectivity and capacitythan six member compounds. Ammonium-based DESs give higher selectivity but phosphonium-based DESs report higher capacity. Ternary liquid –liquid extraction experiments were conducted at room temperature with pyrrole and pyridinewith the concentration in the feed ranging from 5 to 50 wt%. It was observed that there is no solvent in the raffinate phases. The distribution ratio and selectivity were calculated and itʼs gave higher than one for all five member ring compounds. This LLE data were correlated with COSMO-RS model prediction which gave good agreement by means of RMSD value is 2.51%.
Biography:
Dr. R Anantharaj has received Ph.D degree from Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, India in 2012. Till date, he has published more than 78 articles in international and conferences since 2010. He was the recipient ofProSPER. Net-Scopus Young Scientist Award 2013 for Sustainable Development in Transport Category (Promotion of Sustainability in Postgraduate and Research) from ELSEVIER and Thermax-ASSET Awards 2013 for best Ph.D. Thesis, (Medal with INR 15000/-) from Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC), India. Petrochemical Processing Award in Malaysia 2014 (His Research Group) from IChemE Malaysia. PEARL – A Foundation Best Young Scientist in Chemical Engineering 2016, Madurai – 625021. Tamil Nadu. Venus International Foundation Best Young Scientist Award 2016 in Separation Process with Green Solvent At the moment, he is working as a Associate Professor in Department of Chemical Engineering, SSN College of Engineering, Chennai - 603110 since March 2015, Chennai - 603110.
Savitribai Phule Pune University, India
The maximization of hydrocarbon recovery from crude reserves is the key challenge of any reservoir and production engineer in order to achieve maximum recovery of the field with smallest expense. Sophisticated instruments are employed for determination of reservoir fluid behaviour and properties from the collected oil and gas samples. The main objective of pressure-volume-temperature (PVT) analysis is to understand how gas evolves from oil when pressure falls below the bubble point. Bubble point is crucial for understanding how hydrocarbons behave in the reservoir and indicates the probable drive mechanisms. Various other properties of crude namely oil viscosity, oil density, compressibility of oil and even the oil formation volume factor etc. may also be correlated to the bubble point of the crude. Thus an error in bubble point pressure will cause errors in estimating all these important oil properties and it may propagate additional errors throughout all reservoir and production engineering calculations. Determination of bubble point pressures of reservoir require following field data:
a) Reservoir temperature (T in 0F)
b) Stock tank oil gravity (in 0API)
c) Gas specific gravity (γg dimensionless)
d) Solution gas to oil ratio at the bubble point (Rsb scf/STB)
In this study we had developed a neural network (NN) based model to predict bubble point pressure for the crude reservoirs of the UAE and Middle East. The results indicate that NN-based predictions are of reasonable accuracy. The results of this study are compared with the commonly used available PVT correlations to indicate that neural network is an effective alternative for PVT analysis of crude reservoir.
Biography:
Dr. Somnath Nandi is an Associate Professor at Department of Technology, Savitribai Phule Pune University and also associated with Dept. of Petroleum and Petrochemical Eng, Maharashtra Institute of Technology. He has completed B Tech, ME and PhD all in Chemical Engineering. His main research interest is Modelling and Simulation, Flow through porous media, Optimization studies and Renewable Energies. He has published 15 peer reviewed journal papers and more than 50 publications in national and international conferences. He has authored or co-authored 4 book chapters. He is reviewer of couple of international journals.
Data Analyst Field Engineer at Petrolink, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Conventional Rotary Drilling is most widely used method to Drill through formation to reach the Potential Oil and Gas Reservoir. During this Conventional Drilling, Different Process are going on while drilling an Oil and Gas Well and as a corollary of utilizing this method different effects are produced while drilling. One of the most important is Vibration Effects resulted during rotation of Drill String. Rotation can be provided either by TDS (Top Drive System) or Rotary Table in case of Kelly System depending upon the type of Drilling Technique being used.
Most of the time Vibration Effects being produced as a result of Rotary Drilling are not taken under consideration. But these Vibration Effects produced are not only perilous for our Drill string specifically BHA (Bottom Hole Assembly) but also has drastic Effects on the formation of Interest.
Vibrations are in general detrimental to the Drilling Process. They may induce premature damage and wear to Drilling Equipment, which may even results in Premature Failure. Multiple Vibration effects are simultaneously produced while the drilling is carried out via Conventional Rotary Drilling system. This can results in Bit-Bounce, Stick-Slip, Forward and Back-word whirl together with linear and parametric coupling between Axial, Torsional and Lateral Vibrations.
BHA is most prone to Vibration Effects as compared to other Components of Drill String. The Drill String vibration is induced either by Drill Bit – Formation and as well as Drill String – Well Bore interactions. This Vibration has harmful effects on Drilling Process as a hole. It can results in Drop of ROP (Rate of Penetration) and also can result in the Fatigue of Drill String which can lead to damaging of MWD (Measurement While Drilling) Tool and results can be significantly altered by this Vibration Effect.
Results would be disastrous if coupled vibrations occur, this could lead to significant complexities related to Drill String Dynamics. As mentioned previously three types of Vibrations can occur and their coupling means combination of Axial with Torsional, Axial with Lateral and Torsional with Lateral Vibrations. E.g Drill Bit plays an important Role in Coupling Axial and Torsional Vibration in terms of WOB (Weight on Bit) and TOB (Torque of Bit) if the Bit bouncing occurs this indicates Torsional Vibrations have suppressed the Axial Vibrations.
So in this paper as discussed earlier with little demonstration the Vibration origin will be discussed, types of Vibration and most Important the Coupling of Vibrations which is the Core part of this paper would be discussed in Detail and also the different problems that most probably arise from these Vibration Couplings and last but not the least emerging techniques of analysis for optimization of these vibrations would be discussed.
Biography:
Talha Bin Riaz is presently working as Data Analyst Field Engineer at Petrolink, KSA (Kingdom of Saudi Arabia). He is a Petroleum Engineer did graduation from UET (University of Engineering and Technology) Lahore. His major focus was to locate the Invisible lost time or Non Productive time during Drilling Activities and he was appointed as Data Analyst Field Engineer of one of the best and Multinational Oil and Gas Services Company, named Petrolink. And the major focus of this Company was as per his interest and motto; so it was not difficult for me to match up with the Company Demands.
He presented different Research papers at SPE Annual Conferences and was awarded as one of the best presenters in this regard. This paper is also linked to my area of interest to find out the different reasons causing different problems at Drilling Site with greater depth and with more focus with what naked eye is not visible to see, but can only be observed keen focusing.
Robert Gordon University, UK
With the current gap between demand and supply in hydrocarbons expected to increase beyond 20MBOE by 2020 and beyond Offshore and shale reservoir heavy oil fields represent a significant and growing resource of in-place volume to restore the Global oil stock reserves and demand. Carbon dioxide gas (CO2) provides a unique resource for enhanced heavy oil recovery.
This paper and presentation will focus on background research programme at Robert Gordon University (RGU) on the use of CO2 for heavy oil recovery the results of which have so far confirmed that
i) CO2 needs to be at super critical pressure and temperature for it to be utilised for EOR
ii) Improved recovery can effected by a combination of miscibility -immiscibility mechanism. - The CO2 at appropriate high pressure and temperature can be miscible with the heavy oil, and, once dissolved, it has two effects. First, it causes the oil to swell, thereby lowering the oilʼs viscosity significantly and making it flow more easily in response to pressure gradients. Secondly under the miscible conditions it reduces the interfacial (capillary) forces that cause the heavy oil to stick to the reservoir rock.
However the process of the interaction between the CO2 and the rock matrix and rock fluid is not yet fully understood. There is evidence that, from formation chemistry aspect, there can be foaming phenomena that can dramatically affect the integrity of the rock matrix and its flow and petrophysical properties now is the subject of a new follow-up research the details of which will also be presented.
Biography:
Babs Oyeneyin is a Professor of Petroleum Engineering at Robert Gordon University specialising in Well Engineering, Sand Management and Multiphase Flow Assurance. He is a Petroleum Engineer by training with background in Mechanical Engineering. For more than three decades he has initiated and worked on student-centred joint industry projects with focus on sand management, produced water and improved hydrocarbon recovery technologies. He is the founder and Chairman of the Joint Industry Sand Management Network (www.sandmanagement.com) He is a champion of integrated petroleum engineering solutions using a hybrid of predictive modelling and case-based reasoning with Virtual Reality Technology for real-time oilfield problem diagnosis and hydrocarbon production optimisation.
His current interests are in unconventional heavy oil and shale reservoir management
Georgia Institute of Technology, USA
In this talk, I will share our recent work of using advanced signal and image processing theories and machine learning to semiautomate the seismic interpretation process. We will show that relying primarily on the understanding of the human vision system and its cognitive capabilities to device algorithms that mimic a human interpreterʼswork flow results in a semi-automated interpretation that not only saves time but also improves the overall work flow. The talk will present various algorithms that aim at detecting and tracking faults and salt dome bodies from real seismic data sets. The talk will also show case an application of retrieval and classification of seismic structures that are solely based on machine learning and the modeling of the human vision system. The goal of this talk is to share with the community our objective of bringing the seismic interpretation to the information age we live in nowadays and create more robust algorithms that build on decades of knowledge in both geophysics and computational neuroscience.
Biography:
Prof. AlRegib is currently a professor in the School of Electrical and Computer Engineering at the Georgia Institute of Technology. He is the Director of the Multimedia and Sensors Lab (MSL) at Georgia Tech. In 2012, he was named the Director of Georgia Techʼs Center for Energy and Geo Processing (Ce GP). He is a faculty member of the Center for Signal and Information Processing (CSIP). He also serves as the Director of Georgia Techʼs Initiatives and Programs in MENA. He has authored and co-authored more than 170 articles in international journals and conference proceedings. He has been issued five U.S. patents, two US patent applications, and several invention disclosures. He is a Senior Member of IEEE. Prof. AlRegib is very active in the IEEE and has chaired several conferences and editorial positions. Prof. AlRegib received several awards and has provided services and consultation to several companies and international educational and R&D organizations.
1Department of Petroleum Engineering Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Petroleum Technology, India
2Department of Petroleum Engineering, Graphic Era University, India
Paraffin can precipitate from crude when equilibrium conditions change slightly, causing a loss of solubility of the wax in the crude. Loss of wax solubility, however, does not necessarily cause deposition. Wax crystals have a needle-like shape, and if they remain as single crystals, they tend to disperse in the crude instead of depositing on a surface. A nucleating material is usually present that gathers wax crystals into a bushy particle that is much larger than single crystals; these agglomerates may then separate from the crude and form deposits in the wellʼs producing system. Asphaltenes are frequently the nucleating material that causes paraffin crystals to agglomerate. Other nucleating materials are formation fines and corrosion products.
Injecting cold fracturing or acidizing fluids into an oil reservoir can cause a significant cooling of the crude and formation. If the crude is cooled below its cloud point, paraffin can precipitate in flow channels. If all of the wax is not re-dissolved after formation temperature is restored oil production may be limited or even blocked. Paraffin on tubing or casing can be scoured from these metal surfaces and forced into perforations or into the formation during fracturing, acidizing, well workovers, or paraffin removal operations. Many wells have been severely damaged or totally plugged in this manner. Once damage has occurred, restoring a well to full rates is frequently difficult to achieve. Clean injection tubing or casing is essential where a well stimulation or fluid injection procedure is being conducted.
Asphaltenes can form micelles that have polar characteristics. Their deposition in well systems is not as that of paraffin, but problems can be very severe in wells producing high asphaltene content oils. Tests have shown that the asphaltene micelle is negatively charged. Deposition of asphaltenes on the formation sand grains near the wellbore will oil-wet the sand, reducing the relative permeability to oil and reducing oil production. Physical plugging with asphaltene further reduces production.
Biography:
Shivanjali Sharma completed her doctorate under the supervision of Prof. V. P. Sharma in Petroleum Engineering from Indian School of Mines, Dhanbad. She was awarded the PhD degree in May 2015. From then she have been working as an Assistant Professor in the Department of Petroleum Engineering at Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Petroleum Technology, Jais, Amethi, India (An institute of national importance). She have published papers in several national and international journals. She have also helped in setting up drilling fluid and cementation laboratory and reservoir laboratory at Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Petroleum Technology. She have won best research paper award at ICPST conference held at IIT Madras on Dec, 2012. Her research interests include Pipeline Transportation of crude oil, Drilling fluids design, Shale rock characterization, Enhanced oil recovery etc.
University of Milan, Milano
The project was focused on the hydrogen production through steam reforming starting from 2nd generation bioethanol as raw material. This source is very attractive because of its relatively high hydrogen content, availability, non-toxicity, storage and handling safety. More importantly, it can be produced renewably by biomass fermentation on a large scale. In this research we used a unit capable of delivering 5 kWelectrical + 5 kWthermal output, which is being tested in a demonstrative project c/o Dept. of Chemistry at UniversitàdegliStudi di Milano. A PEM fuel cell was used for heat and power cogeneration and reformates purification from CO was accomplished by well established routes, such as water gas shift and methanation. The water/ethanol feeding ratio is a pivotal parameter influencing thermodynamics and kinetics of the main reactions, catalyst deactivation by coking and the possibility to adopt less expensive routes for bioethanol purification (e.g. a flash column leading to ca. 50% bioethanol solution). The effect of bioethanol concentration has been here investigated. At first, two different bioethanol solutions, 50 vol% and 90 vol%, have been used to test different catalysts for the steam reforming reaction at different temperature (300-750°C). An increase of water/ethanol ratio improved H2 yield due to promotion of the WGS reaction and lower impact of the hydrogen-consuming methanation step at the expenses of higher heat input to the reformer. The presence of a high enthalpy exhaust steam increased the available thermal output, with consequent increase of the thermal and overall efficiency of the plant.
Biography:
Matteo Compagnoni presently works in the research group of Prof. Ilenia Rossetti in the University of Milan. He is graduated in industrial chemistry in 2014 with 110/110 cum laude. He is co-author of 14 scientific papers and attended more than 18 national and international conferences with oral and poster contributions. His present project is focused on the catalytic and photocatalytic production of fuels and chemicals from fossil and renewable sources.
Pandit Deendayal Petroleum University, India
Carbondioxide (CO2) is a major greenhouse gas responsible for global warming and fossil fuel power plants are the main emitting sources. Therefore the capture of CO2 is essential to maintain the emission levels according to the standards. Carbon capture and storage (CCS) is considered as an important option for stabilization of atmospheric greenhouse gases and minimizing global warming effects. There are three approaches towards CCS: Pre combustion capture where carbon is removed from the fuel prior to combustion, Oxy-fuel combustion, where coal is combusted with oxygen instead of air and Post combustion capture where the fossil fuel is combusted to produce energy and CO2 is removed from the flue gases left after the combustion process. Post combustion technology offers some advantage as existing combustion technologies can still be used without adopting major changes on them. A number of separation processes could be utilized part of post –combustion capture technology. These include (a) Physical absorption (b) Chemical absorption (c) Membrane separation (d) Adsorption. Chemical absorption is one of the most extensively used technologies for large scale CO2 capture systems. The industrially important solvents used are primary amines like Mono ethanolamine (MEA) and Diglycolamine (DGA), secondary amines like diethanolamine (DEA) and Diisopropanolamine (DIPA) and tertiary amines like methyldiethanolamine (MDEA) and Triethanolamine (TEA). Primary and secondary amines react fast and directly with CO2 to form stable carbamates while Tertiary amines do not react directly with CO2 as in aqueous solution they catalyzes the hydrolysis of CO2 to form a bicarbonate ion and a protonated amine.
Concentrated Piperazine (PZ) has been proposed as a better solvent as well as activator for CO2 capture from flue gas with a 10% energy benefit compared to coventional amines such as MEA. However, the application of concentrated PZ is limited due to its low solubility in water at low temperature and lean CO2 loading. So following the performance of PZ its derivative 2-Aminoethyl piperazine (AEP), 1,2-(Hydroxyethyl Piperazine) (HEP) and 1-Methyl Piperazine (1-MPZ) which are cyclic amine and can be explore as an activator towards the absorption of CO2. Vapour liquid equilibrium (VLE) in CO2 capture systems is an important factor for the design of separation equipment and gas treating processes. For proper thermodynamic modeling accurate equilibrium data for the solvent system over a wide range of temperatures, pressure and composition is essential. The present work focuses on the determination of VLE data for (AEP + H2O), (HEP + H2O) and (1-MPZ+H2O) system at 40°C for various composition range.
United Arab Emirates University, UAE
Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) techniques are one of the top priorities of technology development in petroleum industries nowadays due to the increase in demand for oil and gas which cannot be equalized by the primary production or secondary production methods. The main function of EOR process is to displace oil to the production wells by the injection of different fluids to supplement the natural energy present in the reservoir. Moreover, these injecting fluids can also help in the alterations of the properties of the reservoir like lowering the IFTs, wettability alteration, a change in pH value, emulsion formation, clay migration and oil viscosity reduction. The objective of this experiment is to determine the most effective EOR method in order to obtain the maximum residual oil recovery for low permeability carbonate core samples taken from Zakuum oil field in Abu Dhabi. The idea of this work is to combine both the interactions of the injected gas with the oil that results in the alternation of oil properties and the other property alteration which is caused by the low salinity water flooding as well as its sweep efficiency. This is done by a series of flooding tests on selected tight carbonate core samples by firstly using low salinity water as the base case and nitrogen & CO2 injection followed by low salinity water flooding at reservoir conditions of pressure and temperature. The experimental results revealed that a significant improvement of the oil recovery is achieved by the nitrogen injection followed by the low salinity water flooding with a recovery factor of approximately 24% of the residual oil. Moreover, the contact angle of sea water and low salinity water were measured and the results revealed that the angle has increased with the low salinity water which indicates that the low salinity water can alter the wettability of the rock to intermediate level and hence improves the oil recovery. Therefore low salinity water was selected for this EOR method.
1Laboratory of Plant Chemistry, Faculty of Science University Mohammed V, Morocco
2Departement of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, France
Argan oil is extracted from the kernels of the argan tree fruit [Argania spinosa (L.) skeels]; a tree that grows endemically only in southwestern Morocco. Depending on the method of extraction of argan kernels two types of oil can be obtained: edible or cosmetic oil. Edible argan oil is produced by cold pressing kernels roasted for a few minutes, whereas cosmetic oil is produced from unroasted kernels. Preparing edible oil requires at least six steps: fruit collection, fruit drying, fruit peeling, cracking nuts, kernel roasting, and mechanical pressing. Each processing step influences the quality of the oil. Quality is defined by physico-chemical parameters, organoleptic properties and the shelf life. In this communication, we will present the chemical composition of argan oil and its nutritional and pharmacological benefits. Then, we will detail different processes used to prepare argan oil and their impact on the oil chemical composition, preservation and organoleptic properties. We will also present some results from our laboratory on argan oil preservation of authenticity.
Keywords: Argan Oil, Roasting, Quality, Oxidation, Extraction.
Biography:
Dr. Said Gharby was born in 1978 in Casablanca City, Morocco. He received his Ph.D. in analytical chemistry, from Faculty of Science, Mohammed V University in Rabat, 2012. He has published more than fifty papers in international journals and presented about seventy communications in symposia and national/international meetings.
His main research interests are in the field of technology of oils, extraction, chemical quality, sensory quality and oxidative stability, chemistry, Phytochemistry and Analytical Chemistry. Recently, he is interested in the elimination of pesticides elements by an adsorbent prepared from natural substance. Said gharby is currently an eengineer at the Ministry of Agriculture, Autonomous Establishment of Control and Coordination of Exports; (2011 – to date) and R&D Analyst at Lesieur-Cristal Morocco: (2004–2011).
Pandit Deendayal Petroleum University, India
Demand for natural gas continues to increase all over the world, but reserves of conventional natural gas are declining. The increasing price of natural gas and, in some cases, government policies have encouraged the exploration and development of gas from unconventional sources which further have lead to lead to the development of sophisticated technologies for enhancing hydrocarbon recoveries. The research and experiments conducted wholly over the world have shown that coal containing gas is not much efficient in terms of power, cost, and environment-friendly energy source. The major objective is to study the effective, feasible, efficient methodology for the extraction of methane gas from coal seams; coupled with the injection of CO2 and N2 into the coal seam complex structure.
It provides a method for generation of electric power and energy in which CBM gas is used as an input source whilst the combustion gas, CO2 emissions are sequestrated into coal seams for environmental protection, extending the CBM recovery and reducing CO2 availability cost. This annexure focuses on how to improve exploitation rate of coal bed methane (CBM). To enhance the efficiency of exploitation of coal bed methane when carbon dioxide or nitrogen gasses are injected into the coal bed The injection of CO2 and N2 gasses in the coal bed increases the methane permeability, stability, and productivity.
Pandit Deendayal Petroleum University, India
With a large number of oil spill accidents over the world in last 3 decades, oil spills are becoming one of the significant causes of major economic and biodiversity losses. Of these, the BP oil spill at the Gulf of Mexico in 2010 is considered to be the worse with a loss of 45 million barrels of oil and 38 billion US dollars. Considering adverse effect of oil spills, we must find effective Remediation for the same, Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs) show a great promise in cleaning oil spills. CNTs are the cylindrical tubes, which are made up of hexagon and pentagon of Carbons. CNTs are found in 2 main types as Single wall Nanotubes (SWNTs) with Diameter of 0.8 to 2nm and Multiwall Nanotubes (MWNTs) with Diameter of 5 to 20nm. When the MWNT are doped with boron it gives a compound which has better Oleophilic and Hydrophobic properties than ordinary CNTs. Arc discharge method and Chemical vapour deposition are two methods of this technique.
CNTs are doped with iron oxide and boron by method of CVD to increase its mechanical strength and absorption property. Further to make it use feasible in sea against the tides CNT can be grown on the stainless steel. The oil absorbed by the CNT sponges can be recovered by the method of electrolytic water imbibition (more than 95%). So larger volume of oil is recovered and CNT is recovered in high quality. CNTs have advantage to be reuse several time with almost same capacity to absorb oil using the absorption capacities of various materials for oil absorption and by using smaller amount of CNTs we can recover a huge amount of oil from oil spillage.
Cairo University, Egypt
This Project thoroughly discusses the revamping of an existing crude distillation unit. The main aim of is to increase the capacity of the existing unit whilst keeping the energy consumption to a minimum so that the furnace isnʼt bottlenecked. This was mainly done by optimizing and adjusting the network of heat exchangers to reach a higher level of energy integration using pinch analysis in this revamping process. The work was reinforced by powerful simulation software Aspen HYSYS, Aspen Energy Analyzer and Aspen Exchanger Design and Rating.
Objectives of retrofit projects in refineries include reducing energy consumption and increasing production capacity, in order to increase profit. The retrofit targets are preferably achieved by re-using the existing equipment more efficiently rather than installing new units and incurring greater capital investment.
Main Project Outputs
1. Increasing the capacity from 130,000 bbl/day up to 150,000 bbl/day without facing diameter bottleneck or hydraulic constrains.
2. The aid of installing pre-flash before the furnace helped both increasing the capacity and decreasing energy consumption
3. The strong connection between the distillation column and the heat exchanger network
4. Pinch Technology was the best tool for energy optimization and getting closer to reaching the target heating and cooling values and decreasing the need for external utilities
Biography:
Menna Samir is graduated from faculty of engineering, Cairo University, Petroleum and petrochemicals department class 2016. Menna Samir cumulative GPA is 3.35. She is proud to work with Dr. Mamdouh Gadalla in that project. She have learned much from him and from my colleagues. She would be very pleased to have been given the opportunity to attend the conference.
AHCET, India
When temperature falls below wax appearance temperature (WAT) during pipeline flow of crude oil, paraffins and asphaltenes present in the crude oil starts to agglomerate. This agglomeration results in the deposition of wax in the inner walls of the pipelines. This in turn decreases the internal diameter of the pipeline thereby restricting the flow of crude. Highly viscous crude oils also pose similar threat. Due to hindrance in flow ability of heavy crude oil through pipelines because of their high viscosity, oil industries suffer heavy expenditure for restarting of pipelines and sometimes the well gets abandoned temporarily. Also, due to their high pour point and high wax content transportation of heavy crude oil through pipelines is often hindered. The contributing factors are usually temperature, pressure and flow rate. The objective of this research article is to investigate experimental techniques to determine applicability of a natural surfactant on crude oil rheological behaviour through pipelines.
Crude oil sample was obtained from ONGC, Gujarat, India. The sample was characterised by SARA analysis, pour point, density, acid number and API gravity. The surfactant was extracted in laboratory using fruits from a tropical Indian plant sapindus mukorrossior soap nut. The effect of this surfactant on wax crystal structure and crystal size distribution was analysed using Cross Polarized light Microscope. The flow characteristics investigated included pour point and viscosity before and after addition of 1000 ppm and 2000 ppm surfactant. The study also determined the possible mechanism behind improvement of rheological properties through Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopic analyses.
Microscopic studies showed change in size and structure of wax crystals establishing effectiveness of surfactant. Pour point reduced by 6°C and viscosity decreased by 68%after adding 2000 ppm surfactant at 30°C. Viscosity of crude with 2000 ppm surfactant at 30°C was almost same as that of pure crude at 50°C. FTIR spectroscopic studies showed the decrease in concentration of alkanes, aldehydic groups and ketonic groups present in the crude oil sample when 2000 ppm surfactant was added to it. The test results were compared with similar test that included a commercial surfactant namely IGPEL CO 720. In all the cases, Sapindus Mukorossi was the better surfactant among the two as it improved rheological characteristics to a maximum.
The availability of raw material for extraction of this surfactant in enormous abundance makes it a strong contender for use as a pour point depressant and as a surfactant for better pipeline transportation of heavy crude oils. The exceptionally reasonable cost of extraction
Biography:
Ahmed Abdul Hadi is currently a B Tech final year. Apart from regular curriculum, He has participated in various technical competitions in some of the finest institutions in India, which has helped him to compete in multicultural environment and withstand tough competition. He has presented his topic “heavy crude rheology improvement using commercial and natural surfactant” at the Middle East petrotech 2016 held in Bahrain on 27-29 September as a poster presentation. He is confident of being an active, open minded and useful member of any team, willing to contribute his best efforts. His most notable achievements include first place in quiz competition and debate at the SPE PETROEXPRO 2016 organized by RGCE student chapter, Chennai, India. At the same event he also bagged the third place for paper presentation.
The Petroleum Institute, United Arab Emirates
The petroleum refining units produce excess amount of elemental sulfur annually via hydrodesulphurization; however the applications associated with elemental sulfur in bulk is limited except for production of sulfuric acid. Research activities contributing in finding useful applications for excess sulfur is ongoing. Here in we report a simple and versatile approach for the preparation of sulfur foam, which via a porogen and inverse vulcanization process.. Elemental sulfurs affinity for elemental mercury and its inherent non-conductive nature towards heat makes it a suitable candidate for mercury adsorption and thermal insulation. Moreover presence of pores and cross-linked structure significantly reduced the thermal conductivity of elemental sulfur. Sulfur foam with 50 wt. % co monomer showed thermal conductivity ~ 0.048 W/ m K which was within the range of commercially available insulators. Additionally, sulfur being reactive to elemental mercury sulfur foam with 20 wt. % co monomer showed an adsorption capacity ~151 ug/g which was within the range of commercially available carbon materials.
Biography:
Akhil Mammoottil Abraham is working as a research assistant in Petroleum Institute, Abu Dhabi (PI). He completed Bachelors in chemical engineering from NIT, Calicut, India and was awarded ADNOC scholarship for pursuing M.Sc in Chemical Engineering (2014-2016). His research focuses on developing applications for large amount sulfur, which has little economic utility. Currently, his research revolves around lithium sulfur battery, sulfur based super-capacitors and sulfur co-polymers for heavy metal sequestration.
Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Beirut Arab University, Lebanon
At present, environmental legislation bounds the drilling operators in drilling wastes removal. The rapid increasing sensitivity of drilling waste management forced many countries to develop environmental guidelines for their drilling operations. This research studies some sorts of waste produced during upstream petroleum activities, particularly while drilling. After that, many hazards and impacts on the environment are addressed, as well as their principal treatment techniques. This paper tries to give a modest and theoretical vision over the present environmental standard and waste management design, realized in a universal scale. Then, the technologies that could be suitable with the Lebanese drilling fields would be addressed. This may assist companies and individual approaches toward coming drilling operations in Lebanon with concern of environment.
Keywords: environmental effects, legislation, drilling wastes, offshore/onshore
University of Ibadan, Nigeria
Hydrocarbon fluid phase behaviors have numerous implications in natural gas and petroleum engineering and are often predictable from equations of state (EOSs). Equations of state methods are far less expensive (in terms of material cost and time) than laboratory or experimental forages and the results are interestingly within acceptable limits of accuracy.
A new three parameter cubic EOS was developed based on a modification of the van der Waals (vdW) attraction term contribution to pressure. The success of the new EOS was derived from recognizing that the attraction term of previous EOSs has been inadequate in capturing the dense fluid properties especially liquid densities and PVT properties at or near the critical region. The primary goal was to minimize the gap between experimentally derived-, and equation of state (EOS)-calculated PVT or fluid phase behavior data especially, liquid densities, (which is very critical especially since it is the major weakness of most popular EOSs) for pure components and mixtures.
Volumetric and phase equilibria calculations were carried out with the new EOS for pure components, binary ternary and multicomponent mixtures and results compared to experimental data (available in literature) and results obtained from industry-popular cubic EOSs, in particular, PR and PT EOs. The results indicate that the new EOS predicts the liquid densities of pure hydrocarbon components and mixtures more accurately than the PR and PT EOSs. The new EOS proved superior to the popular industry EOSs in the prediction of liquid phase densities of pure components and mixtures with a grand average percent absolute deviation (AAPD) of 1.60% as opposed to 3.01% and 11.17% for PT and PR EOSs respectively.
Biography:
Dr. Princess Nwankwo has a B.Sc and M.Sc in Pure and Analytical Chemistry, respectively and a post graduate diploma, M.Sc. and PhD in Petroleum Engineering. Her PhD in Petroleum and Natural gas Engineering was obtained her PhD in December, 2014 from Penn State University under the supervision of Prof. Michael Adewumi and Prof. Thaddeus Ityokumbul. Dr Princess Nwankwo was a beneficiary of the Schlumbergerʼs Faculty for The Future (FFTF) grant for women in University education. She is a mother of three children and presently lectures at the Department of Petroleum Engineering, University of Ibadan, Ibadan in Nigeria.
1,2Department of Petroleum Technology, Dibrugarh University, India
The present work aims to study the migration of clays (fines) and its role on reservoir rock wettability alteration during Smart Water flooding in a sandstone reservoir of Upper Assam Basin. The study also includes the identification of different types of clays in the reservoir rock of the study area, their effects on wettability and oil recovery efficiency during Smart Waterflooding experiments.
The clay minerals were studied and identified with the help of X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscopic (SCM) study. The water flooding experiments were conducted by flooding the oil saturated core plugs using formation brie and two low salinity water. The oil recovery efficiencies for each core flooding experiments were determined. The presence of the migrated clays in the effluent water was identified with the help of SEM study. The wettability states of the flooded core plugs were determined from the study of the Relative Permeability Curves.
The petrographic study shows the presence of smectite, kaolinite and illite in the rock matrix of the study area. Oil recovery efficiency of 37.69%, 40.47% & 32.71% of OOIP was observed using 500 ppm water, 200 ppm water (low saline) and formation brine respectively in the Smart Water flooding Experiments. The SEM analysis of the effluent waters after the core flooding experiments (using 500 ppm & 200 ppm water) shows the presence of kaolinite and illte clay minerals. The alteration of the wettability states of the flooded core plugs from oil-wet to more water-wet state was observed from the study of the Relative Permeability Curves. Thus, the fine migration (kaolinite and illite) occurs during Smart Water flooding in the study area which is a factor that has affected the reservoir rock wettability and in turn oil recovery efficiency by exposing new underlying surface area of the rock.
The effects of kaolinite and illite clay minerals on reservoir rock wettability alteration in a sandstone reservoir that leads to improved oil recovery have investigated. Our study based on the petrographic analysis and core flooding experiments will help the researchers to apply this mechanism in the similar reservoirs.
Keywords: Smart water flooding, fine, wettability, smectite, kaolinite, illite, X-Ray Diffraction, Scanning Electron Microscope.
1,2Department of Petroleum Technology, Dibrugarh University, India
The objective of this work is to study the Low Salinity Effects (LSE) by conducting a set of laboratory Low Salinity Water flooding (LSW) experiments in Secondary Recovery Mode in a part of an oil field of Upper Assam Basin. LSW is an emerging Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) technique that injects water at significantly lower ionic strength as compared to the formation water.
LSW experiments were performed by flooding three core plugs by different saline water (two low saline water and one formation water) in the secondary recovery mode and the connate water saturation & oil recovery efficiency were determined. The pH of the injection & effluent water and Interfacial Tension (IFT) between oil-injection water & oil-effluent water were determined after the LSW experiments to see the LSE. The contact angles of the flooded core plugs were also determined to see the wettability states of the core plugs after LSW.
Increased oil recovery (01.11%–09.34 % of Original Oil In Place) with low salinity water as the invading brine was observed in the Secondary Recovery Mode of LSW above the high salinity formation brine flooding. The pH value of the effluent water was found to be increased from the injected low saline water by 0.29 and 00.73. We observed reduction of oil-effluent water IFT by 01.48mN/m and 03.56mN/m from the oil-injection water IFT. Alteration of the wettability states of the core plugs towards more water-wet state during LSW was observed from the measurement of Contact Angles (decreased by 03.600 and 06.300). Thus, some LSE were observed during Low salinity Water flooding in the Secondary Recovery Mode which shows increased oil recovery efficiency by wettability modification of the flooded core plugs.
The results of the laboratory investigations confirm that the area under study is a favourite candidate for Low Salinity Water flooding in Secondary Recovery Mode. Therefore, implementation of this EOR method in the similar reservoirs will lead to enhancement of production.
Keywords: LSE, LSW, EOR, Secondary Recovery Mode, IFT, Original Oil in Place, wettability, Contact Angle.
University of Tripoli, Libya
Cementing of oil wells is essential for protecting casing from corrosion and to isolate water-bearing zones from productive formations. Across lost circulation zones, cement behind casing is not set properly due to voidage space of the rock. Furthermore, contamination of cement by saline formation water greatly affects the cement slurry properties such as cement set time and also affects the bond cement compressive and the tensile strength. It is, therefore, necessary to treat the cement slurry before circulating it in the well in order to overcome these problems. The objective of this paper is to determine the effect of formation water on the cement slurry and bond cement physical properties and to also determine proper type and concentration of cement additives for the treatment. Laboratory experiments and investigation were conducted on different cement slurry mixed with different concentrations of seawater and formation water tested at different concentrations of cement additives. Results indicated that the cement slurry properties are greatly affected by the addition of either formation water or seawater as different water concentrations affect the cementing setting time. Compressive strength also increased with time. Optimization of additives concentration was also found to be important as an increase in cement thickening time leads to reduction in the cement compressive strength.
Biography:
Dr. Walid Mohamed Mahmud received his B.Sc. degree in Petroleum Engineering from University of Tripoli, Libya in 1995, M.E. and Ph.D. degrees in Petroleum Engineering from the University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia in 1997 and 2004, respectively and an MBA from the University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, Australia in 2007. He is currently working as an Assistant Professor at the Department of Petroleum Engineering, University of Tripoli. He has been lecturing several undergraduate and postgraduate petroleum engineering courses since 2010. His research interests include drilling cost analysis, drilling and well completion operations, drilling fluids and cementing.
Dhofar University, Oman
In this work try to use different factors that effect on adsorption of gasoline from reservoirs. Study the effects of four inputs factors angles, diameter, bedʼs volume and height of reservoirs on adsorption of gasoline from reservoirs. Design a new mathematical model to evaluate all important parameters that effect on the system. Compare between experimental and theoretical results to reach to the high accuracy 97% that represents a new mathematical model. Then, make optimization to use this technique to find best optimum conditions.
Keywords: Gasoline, Mathematical model, Adsorption, Reservoir, Optimization
Wits University, South Africa
Underground coal gasification (UCG) is an innovative technology that aspires to exploit coal reserves that are not minable by current extraction technologies. The gas that is produced can be used for energy production and other chemical processes. Underground coal gasification produces an underground cavity which may be partially filled with gas, ash, unburned coal and other hydrocarbons. In this study we assessed the geochemistry of the cavity and the chemistry of the groundwater in the cavity. The chemistry of groundwater was influenced by surface water that was introduced into the cavity during quenching. This also had an effect on the geochemistry of the cavity as a whole. The coal seam aquifer had saline water that is not fit for human consumption even before gasification.
1U.S.T. Oran, Laboratoire de chimie-physique des matériaux, catalyse et environnement, Algérie
2School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, China
The main objective of this work is to study the impact of substitution of certain traditional organic solvents by other green solvent such as ionic liquid for the extraction of aromatic hydrocarbons from their mixture with aliphatic hydrocarbons. The heptane - benzene mixture was chosen as model system. Three benzene extraction processes have been proposed using: organic solvent "sulfolane", ionic liquid [BMIM] [SCN] and the mixed two solvents ionic liquid and organic solvent. A study of liquid-liquid equilibrium of selected systems was achieved using Simulis Thermodynamics software by the regression of binary interaction parameters. The results showed that the UNIQUAC model can accurately describe the thermodynamic behavior of the ternary mixture. The simulation results showed that the ionic liquid [BMIM][SCN] has a higher distribution coefficient and a best selectivity compared to sulfolane. We note that the solvent flow rate go through a minimum at 50% in mass of benzene in the feed mixture and in the case of mixed solvent that minimum disappears at a concentration of 10% in mass of [BMIM] [SCN] in the solvent mixture. We perceive that the separation is easy for a mixture containing 30% to 60% of benzene, in this concentration range the amount of solvent necessary to achieve a yield of 99% using the ionic liquid is from 1.2 to 2 times lower than the amount of sulfolane used in the conventional extraction. Whereas the amount of solvent used in the case of mixed solvent is 1.5 to 4 times lower than that of sulfolane.
Biography:
Hassiba Benyounes has been an assistant professor in the Department of Chemical Engineering of University of Science and Technology of Oran, Algeria, since 2004. She received her PhD degree in chemical engineering in 2003 from State Academy of Fine Chemical Technology M.V. Lomonossov. She is a member of Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, Material, and Environment in Algeria and collaborates with the research group of Prof. Xavier Joulia at the Laboratory of Chemical Engineering of Toulouse. Her research field concern modeling and simulation in process system engineering, with particular interest in design and development of extractive distillation.
IPAG Business School, Paris
In this paper we test for the existence of equity market contagion, originating from oil price fluctuations, to regional and domestic stock markets. The data are collected over the period from April 1993 to April 2015. We apply an International Capital Asset Pricing Model (ICAPM) from a three-factor setting to capture the unexpected return and disentangle simple correlation due to fundamentals and contagion. We investigate four regions: the European Monetary Union (EMU), Asia-Pacific (AP), the Non-European Monetary Union (NEMU) and North America (NA). We define contagion as the excess correlation that is not explained by fundamental factors. Oil risk is shown to be a factor as important as contagion. In addition, oil price fluctuations amplify contagion in the context of regional markets strongly interlinked with the USA.
Keywords: Global financial crisis, financial contagion, Oil risk, ICAPM, GJR-DCC-GARCH.
JEL classification: F30, F36, F62, G12, G15 G20.
1. Introduction
The link between oil prices and the business cycle, including variables such as real GDP, industrial production, unemployment, inflation and market uncertainty, has often be debated in the macroeconomic literature. To quantify the impact of oil on the economy, one can distinguish different modeling approaches. First, oil can be represented as the pinnacle of cross-sectional financial asset prices. Second, price fluctuations due seasonal variations, to dramatic market changes, political and regulatory decisions or technological shocks may adversely impact producers who use oil as input. This latter effect creates the so called “oil risk”, that is a specific kind of commodity risks.5 Additionally oil price fluctuations may spread off to other sectors in the economy, via contagion effects.
Whereas a large body of econometric models à la Fama-French typically accounts for the financial consequences of oil pricing, yet relatively few academic studies have focused on the concept of “oil risk” in a broad framework. This lack of a comprehensive setting might be due to the fact that the notion of oil risk is multidimensional: it includes the sensitivity of oil and gas companies stock market value to oil price fluctuations, the exposure of importing and exporting countries to changes in the trade balance and oil security of supply, as well as the correlation effects between oil and stock markets. The concept of oil risk has been firstly used by Sadorsky (2001) in its micro-economic component that is the negative impact of oil-gas price fluctuations on the stock value of Canadian firms. Since this seminal paper, few applications have been made, enlarging the sample or the time span (see for instance El-Sharif et al. 2005; Boyer and Filion, D, 2007; Park and Ratti, 2008), or more recently looking at asymmetric effect of stock markets to increasing or decreasing oil prices (Ramos and Veiga, 2011). In an aggregate perspective, countries exposure has been studied (Faff and Brails ford, 1999), distinguishing between oil importing countries (Gupta, 2008) or exporting ones (Demirer et al. 2015). With respect to these two strands of literature, this paper neglects the micro-economic aspect of companiesʼ exposure, but takes into account both importing and exporting countries, in a multifactor model. Our paper is close to Basher and Sadorsky (2006), who allow for both unconditional and conditional risk factors to investigate the relationship between oil price risk and emerging stock market returns, found to be significant and positive.
Biography:
Khaled Guesmi is a Professor of Finance at IPAG Business School, Paris –France and Research Fellow at the Economic Research Forum (ERF) in Cairo, Egypt. He received his M.Sc. in Finance from University of Paris Sorboone, a Ph.D. in Economics from the Paris West University and H.D.R. (Habilitation for Supervising Doctoral Research) from the Paris XIII University Vincennes St Denis. Before joining academic, he worked as Financial Analyst for “Caisse de Dépôts et Consignation”, Research Manager at the UNESCO, Paris and Quality Controller at General Electric Money Bank, Paris. He published many papers in top-tier journals such as Journal of International Money & Finance, Economic Modeling, Applied Economics, International Economics, Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, International Review of Financial Analysis, Computational Economics, European Journal of Comparative Economics, Energy Policy, and Energy Study Review. He is the co-founder (with Anna Creti and Duc Khuong Nguyen) of the International Symposium on Energy and Finance Issues (ISEFI).
1U.S.T. Oran, Laboratoire de chimie-physique des matériaux, catalyse et environnement, Algérie
2Université dʼOran, Département de sécurité industrielle et environnement, Algérie
3School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, China
The objective of this work is to design a novel efficient solvent for the intensification of dehydration process of ethanol by extractive distillation using ionic liquids. The vapor – liquid equilibrium (VLE) behavior of ethanol - water mixture in the presence of different types of solvents such as ethylene glycol, [MSM] [OAc] and [HMIM] [Cl] was defined using NRTL thermodynamic model, the required experimental VLEdata for the regression of binary interaction parameters between different substances of mixtures are considered.
The sensitivity analysis of key parameters reflux ratio and solvent ratio is carried out, allowing us to define the optimized operating conditions in the presence of pure ionic liquids [MSM] [OAc] and [HMIM] [Cl]. It is shown that the quantities of solvents can be reduced considerably, and therefore, the energy required in the process could be reduced notably.
After a comparative study among the three pure solvents, it is confirmed that the ionic liquid [MSM] [OAc] is the best solvent able to separate ethanol with a high purity of 99.98%. Also to overcome difficulties in the regeneration of ionic liquids, we proposed to use a solvent mixture containing ethylene glycol and ionic liquid and it is revealed that the optimum concentration of the ionic liquid in the solvent mixture is about 8% to get ethanol purity of 99.9%.
Biography:
Hassiba Benyounes has been an assistant professor in the Department of Chemical Engineering of University of Science and Technology of Oran, Algeria, since 2004. She received her PhD degree in chemical engineering in 2003 from State Academy of Fine Chemical Technology M.V. Lomonossov. She is a member of Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, Material, and Environment in Algeria and collaborates with the research group of Prof. Xavier Joulia at the Laboratory of Chemical Engineering of Toulouse. Her research field concern modeling and simulation in process system engineering, with particular interest in design and development of extractive distillation.
PetroChina Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration & Development, China
To solve the problem of unloading liquid of deep gas well with high gas temperature and salinity, high concentrations of H2S gas and condensate oil, a nanoparticle foam unloading agent was developed and evaluated, and the field test was carried out.
In this study, the zwitterionic surfactant, anionic surfactant and fluorocarbon surfactant with appropriate hydrophobic chain length, strong hydration ability hydrophilic group and high temperature resistance were mixed to make full use of their synergistic effect and position adaptability, to get a liquid foam unloading agent with good foam ability and foam stabilizing ability. As foam system is a thermodynamically unstable system, improving foam stability is the key to the development of foam unloading agent. As a new science and technology which analyzes and manipulates matter in nanometer scale, the solid foam stabilizer, modified silica nanosphere was added to be adsorbed onto the gas-liquid interface to form a solid particle film which could prevent the bubble coalescence and disproportionation and greatly enhance the foam stability. By means of optical microscope Zeta potential characterization and analysis, itʼs confirmed that nanoparticles were adsorbed onto the air-liquid interface to form a monolayer and produce the performance of foam stabilizing ability. The performance of foam unloading agent with its concentration has been studied, which shows that it has the best performance at the concentration of 0.5%. Both economy and effectiveness should be considered when selecting its concentration in field treatment.
The influence of temperature, salinity, concentration of H2S and condensate oil content on the performance of the foam unloading agent have been studied, and the results show that the nanoparticle foam unloading agent has temperature resistance of as high as 150 °C, salinity resistance of up to 250 g/L, H2S resistance concentration of up to 0.04%, and condensate oil resistance content of up to 30%, with performance much better than the current commercial varieties. Moreover, nanoparticles have the advantages of irreversible adsorption and low toxicity, which render the nanoparticle foam unloading agent better stability and environmental friendliness.
The pilot test in forty deep gas wells shows that: the nanoparticle foam unloading agent CYS-E has worked well in increasing gas and water production, decreasing pressure difference between tubing and casing. Compared with other foam unloading agents in use in the field, it had a lower dosage of 50%, and cost reduction by over 60%, better satisfying the demand of field application.
Biography:
Junwen Wu Dr (2009-2014), Institute of Chemistry, Chinese academy of sciences, major in Colloid interface chemistry. Engineer (2014), PetroChina Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration & Development, mainly engaged in researching oil field chemicals.
Technical Business Development Manager for ModuCheck AP Pte Ltd, Singapore
Firstly, Operational Excellence is not the target but it is the arrows that draw the target nearer, the weapons to reach safer and more efficient oil and gas installations, drilling units in this case.
With a very difficult market outlook, currently, efficiency is more crucial than ever and anything that enhances safety is surely a godsend for this industry-PPP could well be the answer.
PPP is People, Processes and Plant, the three main criteria required for any drilling or oil and gas installation to operate and hence any of these or a mix of any of them, can create downtime or safety critical issues.
For many years, the installations whether on land as process plants or offshore, have been continually inspected, people checked for competence, equipment checked for faults and systems audited, all individually inspected, but never has there been an assessment tool that can link all three and thus create solutions that are longer lasting than quick fixes with repeated breakdowns of the same equipment, processes and often created by the same people.
The PPP assessment is carried out by a team containing technical inspectors and led by consultant(s), dependent on the size of the installation and the results are delivered in spider-graph format, visually pleasing on the eye and very easy to understand. After the assessment, time is taken to create an objective view with a team question and answer session, whereby every individual score is vetted by the team; objectivity is the key.
The results are measurable and provide answers visually, allowing progress against any solutions offered to be measured very quickly and updated where required. If you can measure the solution provider, value is created immediately and progress is guaranteed.
Oil and Gas installations whether it be a rig, platform or process plant have advanced technically very quickly and will continue to do so which in itself brings issues such as;
1. People - new crew, new to company, new to installation type, new to equipment type
2. Processes - more demanding management processes and regulatory requirements
3. Plant – Drilling equipment, Engines and Generations units, cyber systems, software systems are all systems that can create downtime if misunderstood, miss-used etc.
The results are quantifiable which means savings are inevitable and can become the norm and not something to dream about.
Biography:
Peter Hone has over 25 yearsʼ industry experience both operational and managerial and is currently Technical Business Development Manager for ModuCheck AP Pte Ltd, in Singapore. Peter came through the oilfield ranks with Maersk starting as a rig electrician and moving to Electrical Superintendent before moving to ModuSpec as a senior surveyor and latterly into the LR Technical team and onto Technical Business Development Manager with Lloydʼs Register-Drilling in Singapore. Peter is currently working on his MBA and has Diplomas in Electrical Engineering and a BA Hons in Business Management.
Heriot Watt University, UAE
Natural gas plant operations contribute hugely to the economies of many developed nations that depend on hydrocarbon resources. The plant operation is usually subjected to continuous variations in upstream conditions, such as flow rate, composition, temperature and pressure, which propagate through the plant and affect its stable operations. As a result, decision making for optimal operating conditions of an in-operation plant is a complex problem and it is exacerbated with the changing product specifications and variations in energy supplies. This work presents a new solution method to the problem, which is based on chance constrained optimization. A deterministic model is initially developed from process simulation using Aspen HYSYS and later converted to a chance constrained model. The probabilistic model is then relaxed to its equivalent deterministic form and solved for optimum solution using GAMS. The optimum solution is determined probabilistically using chance constraints that are held at a user-defined confidence level. Optimal solution is represented graphically as a trade-off between reliability of holding the process constraints and profitability of the plant. Two case studies are presented to demonstrate the new method. Optimization results show that uncertainty of plant parameters significantly affect the economic performance of the plant operation. The solution approach developed in this work is able to increase the reliability of maintaining the profit by more than 95% confidence level. As a result, the risk of constraints violation is reduced from more than 50% using the typical deterministic optimization to less than 5% with the developed chance constrained optimization model. In addition, the results from this study indicate that the variation of material flow from the plant inlet has greater impact by more than 86% on profit change compared to variation from the plant outlet, which is less than 2%. Sensitivity analysis result show on how to reduce the effect of N2, CO2 and C5+ by holding the corresponding constraint at a certain confidence level. The developed solution method can aid as guidelines to flexible plant operation decision making for the in-operating plant by satisfying all the process constraints at certain confidence level.
Biography:
Dr. Mesfin is currently working as Assistant Professor & Program Director of Chemical Engineering at Heriot-Watt University Dubai Campus. He obtained his PhD from Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS (Malaysia) in 2011. After he graduated, he was working as a Postdoc Fellow at Yeungnam University (South Korea) and later joined Curtin University, Sarawak Malaysia. He has worked at Curtin both as Lecturer and Senior Lecturer from 2012-2015. Dr. Mesfin has won the 2014 IChemE Malaysia Award for ResearchInnovation and Excellence. He has also won the 2014 Asia-Pacific Honeywell UniSim Design Challenge and the 2015 Honeywell UniSim Design Challenge for Europe & Asia with his students. He is Associate member of IChemE, member of AIChE and also the reviewer for the following journals: Chemical Engineering Research & Design, Natural Gas Science and Engineering and Applied Thermal Engineering. Dr. Mesfin has published more 25 peer reviewed journal and conference papers. His research area focuses on Design, Operation, Optimization and Uncertainty for Chemical Process Plants especially in Oil & Gas Industries.
1The Petroleum Institute, Chemical Engineering Department, UAE
2Eindhoven University of Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Netherlands
The separation of (sulfur-containing) aromatic and aliphatic compounds is of crucial importance in the petrochemical business. Industrially, the sulfolane process is used forthis separation. The sulfolane process implies liquid-liquid extraction using sulfolane as extracting agent followed by distillation for the sulfolane recovery. The main disadvantages of the sulfolane process are the usage of a volatile, flammable and toxic extracting agent together with the enormous energy requirements needed for the solvent recoverystep.
In order to develop a more sustainable and cost-effective process, several novel solvents have been studied as alternative to sulfolane. Ionic liquids (ILs) have been widely investigated for the separation of aliphatic-aromatic mixtures via liquid-liquid extraction. However, the high price of ILs, associated mainly to the complicated synthesis and purification, istheir main drawback for large scale application. Contrarily, deep eutectic solvents (DESs), which are ILs analogues interms of properties, can be prepared cheaply, with low price starting materials and without purification requirements, overcoming the main disadvantage of ILs. DESs are a mixture of one hydrogen bond donor (HBD) and one hydrogenbond acceptor (HBA), generally solids, that when mixed in the proper ratio, show a large decrease in the melting pointcompared to the initial compounds. In the last years, the scientific community has started to explore the applicability ofthis new generation of green solvents as extracting agents in liquid-liquid extraction, mainly for the separation of aliphatic-aromatic mixtures.
In this work, several new DESs have been tested as extracting agents for the separation of various aliphatic-aromatic mixtures. The liquid-liquid equilibrium (LLE) of the ternary mixtures {hexane + benzene + DES} and {hexane + thiophene + DES} and have been measured at atmospheric pressure. The solute distribution coefficient and the selectivity have been calculated and compared to literature. The effect of the temperature and composition (e.g. chainlength) has been studied. Moreover, the solvents have satisfactorily been recovered. The obtained experimental resultsshow that DESs are promising extracting agents for the separation of aromatic components from aliphatic-aromaticmixtures. An economic evaluation of the sulfolane process compared to the process using ILs and DESs will be alsopresented.
Biography:
Maaike Kroon (1980) obtained her MSc (2004) and PhD (2006) in Chemical Engineering from TU Delft, Netherlands. She was awarded the prize for best graduate student and the DSM Science & Technology Award. Thereafter, she worked as Assistant Professor at TU Delft, MATGAS research center in Spain and Stanford University in USA. In 2011 she was appointed Full Professor at Eindhoven University of Technology as the youngest female professor in The Netherlands. In 2015 she was awarded the Science Talent Award of the year by the journal New Scientist. Maaike Kroon joined the Petroleum Institute in Abu Dhabi as a Professor in Applied Thermodynamics and Separation Technology in 2016. Her research focuses on the development of novel energy-efficient affinity separation processes (e.g., aromatic/aliphatic separation, gas sweetening, azeotrope breaking, and desalination) on basis of phase behavior.
Egyptian Petroleum Researches Institute, Egypt
The Gulf of Suezrift basin is considered them most prolific oil province in Egypt in spite of claiming its post maturation stage. More research up till now considers the geological, geophysical and the geochemical study for the Gulf of Suez. Gulf of Suez region has remarkable and distinguish-able geologic characteristics due to its geologic history and economic potentialities.
The main purpose of this paper is to identify the source rock capabilities of Rudeis and Kareem Formations by using five wells which are scattered in the Rudeis Area, Gulf of Suez, Egypt. This study is accomplished by different open-hole well log data such as gamma-ray, density, sonic, resistivity and neutron which are the commonly used wire line logs to identify and quantify source rock through the response of these logs. The volumes of shale are determined, in which the produced shale contents are corrected. Several models depending on the well logging data were utilized to evaluate the source rock indicator as the organic content (vol%), the total organic carbon (wt%) and the discriminant function which differentiate between the source rocks and non-source rocks of the shale and shaly units of Rudeis and Kareem Formation sin the investigated area. The total organic carbon is calculated by using several models. Models of Schmoker were applied on 113M10, 113M14 and 113M17 wells, where there is all near relationships between GR and density, while the model of Passey was applied on 113M41and 113M49 wells.
Moreover, the differentiation between the source rocks and non-source ones has been carried out through the calculation of the discriminative function by using the sonic-resistivity or the density–resistivity combinations. These indicators are represented as organ o-source analyses logs for the detected sections. Also, the types of the encountered hydrocarbon were defined depending on the relation between the discriminate function and the hydrocarbon preservation. As a result the analyzed formations have considerable total organic and total organic carbon contents, but they have not enough potentiality to produce indigenous oil. Therefore, the formations have been proved to be of non-source type, leading to the occurrence of exogenous type of hydrocarbons. The actual source rocks may be accumulated, somewhere, outside the study area, and the generated oil has been migrated to and accumulated in the study area, after transformation, affecting their log responses and reflecting the presence of mature organic carbon contents.
Biography:
Tarek Farag Shazly is working as a Professor in The Egyptian Petroleum Researches Institute (EPRI). He had the work experience on the topic of Monitoring and interpretation of the well logging data for reservoir analysis.
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