1Missouri University of Science and Technology, USA
2Elevated Analytics, Inc., Provo, Utah, USA
3Elevated Analytics, USA
4Natural Gas Processing & Multiphase Flow (Oil &Gas Production), Koya University, Iraq
Industrial Gas flares are used world-wide to reduce safety concerns in up-steam and down-stream production of hydrocarbon products. Hydrocarbon plants routinely rely on flare gas recovery units to improve plant efficiency and reduce environmental impact. Flares are designed to safely and efficiently burn flammable gases to minimize the impact of thermal radiation on surrounding equipment and work areas and to reduce ground level concentrations of combustion emissions. Monitors measure radiation levels, flare gas flow rates and compositions and ground level concentrations for CO, NOx, VOCʼs to characterize flare efficiency. Ground based instruments including Differential Absorption LIDAR (DIAL), Open-Path Fourier Transform Infra-Red Spectroscopy (OPFTIR), and passive FTIR (PFTIR) are subject to temporally and spatially varying flare plumes from a single source and measurements fail to capture the dynamic nature of flare operation under various ambient conditions. Also, none of these techniques have been applied to Multi-Point Ground Flares (MPGF) due to the flare field size and associated sampling limitations. Elevated Analytics has developed advanced sensor systems using fast acting sensors to directly measure local emissions in flare plumes. Measured data transmitted wirelessly from the mobile platform(s) links flare performance to plant operations. Real-time spatially and temporally accurate data is used to generate “time-varying” contour plots of local air quality and temperature to provide early warning of hazardous conditions and allows the plant to operate at maximum capacity without risking inefficient flare performance.
Biography:
Haider Al-Rubaye is currently associated with Missouri University of Science and Technology, USA in the department of Chemical Engineering.
PT Badak NGL, Indonesia
Badak LNG Plant, located in East Kalimantan – Indonesia, is the biggest LNG plant in Indonesia having a capability to produce up to 22.5 Million Tons Per Annum (MTPA) LNG and 1 MTPA Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG). It has been operated for more than 40 years in the most excellent practice. Badak LNG has already delivered more than 9200 LNG cargoes since 1977. As one of the biggest LNG plant, Badak LNG has three (3) loading dock facilities to supply LNG by using LNG vessel which is mostly delivered for export destination. Energy consumption in Indonesia is expected to increase because of population and economic growth. To maintain national energy sustainability, the government of Indonesia has aimed to reduce oil portion in energy consumption by promoting natural gas use in the context of diversification of energy sources. The government of Indonesia has targeted to encourage energy diversification by increasing utilization of natural gas at least 30% in 2025. In line with the governmentʼs program, Badak LNG has developed first LNG loading station in Indonesia to accommodate small scale LNG demand by land transportation. Starting 2015, LNG from Badak LNG has been distributed by using LNG trucking and delivered to several industries in Kalimantan such as mining, power plant, and commercial sector. LNG was considered as the best gas distribution method for Indonesia to encourage natural gas utilization for domestic industries. Moreover, the development of LNG loading station in Badak LNG has encouraged LNG demand from several domestic industries in Indonesia. This paper explains how Badak LNG develop and utilize LNG loading station facilities to accommodate small scale LNG business scheme in Indonesia. The development of LNG loading station in Badak LNG for small scale LNG distribution has been successfully performed.
Keywords: Badak LNG, LNG loading station, natural gas, small scale LNG.
1Department of Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Dhaka, Bangladesh
2Department of Nutrition and Food Engineering, Daffodil International University, Bangladesh
Shorearobusta, commonly known as Sal, is the major plant of Sal forest which covers about 32% of the total forest land of Bangladesh. In this study, oil was extracted from the seed by conventional soxhlet extraction with n-hexane and ultrasonication technique. Seeds without wing were found to contain about 15% oil for 6 hours soxhlet extraction at 50°C and 45 minutes ultrasonication at 40°C. Fatty acid composition of the soxhlet extracted oil analyzed by GC-FID showed stearic acid and oleic acid as the major components. Acid value, iodine value, saponification value, peroxide value, refractive index, viscosity were also determined. Thermogravimetric analysis of the oil for the determination of the thermal stability of the oil. Transesterification and Saponification process were carried out to produce Biodiesel and the soap from the extracted seed oil. The produced biodiesel and the soap were characterized and a comparative studies were carried out with international standards. The optimum yield for biodiesel was found around 40% of the raw materials and the cytotoxic analysis of the produced soap were carried out. The integrated production of biodiesel and soap from Sal seed oil will bring a drastic change in the realization fuel and cosmetic industries.
Biography:
Dr. Mohammad Ismail is currently serving as Associate Professor at the Department of Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Dhaka, Bangladesh. He completed his PhD in Engineering from University of Cambridge and M.Sc and B.Sc from Dhaka University. Prior to joining at University of Dhaka, he was the officer at Bangladesh Civil Service, Researcher at University of Cambridge, UK and that at BCSIR, Bangladesh. In his career, more than 35 research articles published at peer reviewed journals and awarded various prizes. He is also working as National Consultant of UNDP.
National Iranian Oil Engineering & Construction Company, Iran
A Feed forward and multilayer Perceptron Artificial Neural Network (ANN) with back propagation algorithm was applied for prediction of Research Octane Number (RON) in a live Continuous Catalytic Reforming (CCR) unit. Two years of operating conditions were gathered from DCS. Then all data were evaluated by experienced operators to determine the most effective operating condition. feed final boiling point, coke on catalyst, recycle gas flow rate, reactor inlet temperature, catalyst transfer rate and H2/HC mole ratio were selected for input of the ANN and the output was set to be RON. A three-layer ANN was adopted to predict RON in terms of aforementioned inputs. To find the best fitted ANN structure, 2484 different structures were examined. The best model was extracted and the obtained data were applied to the live CCR unit with the capacity of 30000 bbl d-1. It was observed that in the optimum operation conditions, the value of the product was 25714 bbld-1 Applying the ANN data resulted in an increase in the amount of RON amount, from 99 to 99.7, which could be significant in terms of the unit economy. In addition, it was observed that about 640 bbl d-1 of final gasoline was saved in gasoline pool of refinery in this way.
Biography:
Ali Shaeri has a PhD in Process Design Engineering. He is expert in the Refineryʼs Process Units Simulation, Equipment Design, and Operation. He is teaching related courses at the university as well and working in the National Iranian Oil Engineering & Construction Co. from 13 years. Since then he joined Process Specialty Committee and permanent member of Iranian Petroleum Standard from 2007 to present. He is the first designer of Mini Refinery and pilot plants. He has to his credit more than 10 ISI papers, as well as, 20 publications including papers in referred journals, books and conferences papers.
Frontier Tech, Oman
Technologies are disturbing Industries in each and every sectors, and even shaping the way to manage our lives as a human beings. The industry 4.0 or IIOT is the current trends of automation technologies, those includes cyderphysical systems, Big Data, cloud computing and machine learning. The fourth industrial revolution can be characterized by the increasing digitization and interconnection of process, to deal with this ever increasing acceleration of change and the huge amount of data. The industrial leaders are in contest of digitalizing their essential operations process, yet only very view number of them are getting the true benefits of such strategy for different reasons; in this presentation will be exploring those challenges and other as outline underneath:
Biography:
Yaqoob Al Hattali is an accomplished manger in multidiscipline with two successful start-ups to credit, with Over 10 years of experiences before embarking on his entrepreneurial journey. During his association with multiple companies in various sector (Oil & Gas), Project development & investment, Aviation (Salam Air Project)), he gained good expertise working on strategies, Project Management, Contractʼs managements, Service Delivery, Service Management, Infrastructure Operations, ICS System, Wireless Radio communication and Digital Oil field. In terms of education he received his Master from Coventry University in information technology in 2014 majoring in oil field technology and with thorough study done on Digital Oil Field Communication.
AGH University of Science and Technology, Poland
In engineering practice, management of reservoir is usually based on comparison of the reservoir simulations results and on experience. This method is effective but not guarantee that the final solution is optimal. On the other hand, optimization problems for reservoir management can be solved by use of optimal control theory. This however leads to the black-box type problems with a high evaluation time, which makes it impossible to use conventional methods of optimization. A possible solution is the use of artificial intelligence methods as combined with reservoir simulation technique and theory of optimal control. The paper presents new methods developed recently at the AGH University of Science and Technology including the use of adaptive algorithms and parameterized decision trees for wells management to optimize reservoir performance. This approach can be classified as machine learning that is one method of the artificial intelligence. The proposed presentation includes case studies related to real reservoirs operated by Polish Oil and Gas Company. The case studies show that application of artificial intelligence tool in combination with reservoir simulation resulted in improving of reservoir performance. The method presented here may be easily adopted to variety of reservoir related problems like water coning, water flooding, gas-condensate reservoirs and other.
Biography:
Jerzy Stopa is currently Head of Department of Petroleum Engineering at AGH University of Science and Technology, Poland
Laboratory of Carbon Sorbents, TopProm Joint-Stock Company, Russia
The main ecological fields of active carbon application in oil industry, both put into practice and having good prospect for implementation, are highlighted in the article. The efficiency is shown related to the use of active carbons for drilling accident related to oil entering the soil of farmland active carbons – native strains – destructors of oil drilling accident related to oil entering the water supply sources the connection of the absorbers or filters with active carbons; oil transportation and protection of pipelines from weed damage due to herbicides creation of protective strips with active carbons to prevent migration of herbicides; oil filling in tankers the recovery of vapours of petroleum hydrocarbons; solvent recovery in petrochemical production capture and return to production; sanitary air purification from petrochemical products atmosphere protection; wastewater treatment at oil refining and petrochemical enterprises protection of the hydrosphere; refining of liquid petrochemical and oil refining products reduction of solid and liquid waste; protection of the lithosphere; the use of filter gas masks and respirators protection of personnel from harmful gases and vapours.
Biography:
In 1970 he graduated the Technological Institute. At present as the head of the laboratory of carbon sorbents. Victor M. Mukhin defended a Ph. D. thesis and a doctoral thesis at the Mendeleev University of chemical technology of Russia (in 1979 and 1997 accordingly). Professor of Mendeleev University of chemical technology of Russia. Scientific interests production, investigation and application of active carbons, technological and ecological carbon-adsorptive processes, environmental protection, production of ecologically clean food. The author of 900 scientific, 2 books and 3 catalogues about Russian sorbents. The honored inventor of Russia. He is the author de 270 investigations. Also he is professor of specialization of ecology.
1Department of Geology, Anna University, India
2Chief Geologist (Rtd), ONGC, India
3Regional Geoscience Laboratories, ONGC, India
Exposed Albian-Maastrichtian marine rocks of the Ariyalur area in the Cauvery Basin have been comprehensively studied based on biostratigraphy and paleobathymetric interpretation conceded using vertical and lateral relationships of rock facies, macro and micro fossil assemblages, textural characteristics and diagenetic changes of the lithologic units. Thelitho logical contact between the Archaean basement and basement conglomerates forms sequence boundary-1 (SB1) and the upper contact with the Barremian ( ? ) -Terani Formation forms SB2, based on lithofacies and sedimentary environments. The surface separating the Teranigritty ferruginous Sandstone of the Terani Formation represents SB3, which separates marine from non marine facies. SB3 merges with the transgressive surface, which marks the first marine transgression at the basin margin and coincides with Aptian/Albian boundary. Thepara-conformable contact lies between the Terani Formation and the Coral algal limestone (CAL) Member of the Dalmiapuram Formation. The abrupt termination of CAL is in ferredt ore present the drowning surface. The upper surface of the Karai Formation has an unconformable relationship with the overlying Garudamangalam Formation and represents the upper SB4, represent sahiatus of about 2.10 MA that developed as are sultofbasinuplift caused by the rising Marion Hot Mantle Plume during Late Turonian. The Garudamangalam Formations pans between SB4 and SB5. The relative sea level fall during the Late Santonian produced fluvial channel deposits (as HST) represented by the Saturbhugam Sandstone, and the erosion surface at the top of this sandstone marks SB5. The base of the Kallar Conglomerate deline at esanuncon formity surface and forms sequence boundary SB6. The base of the Ferruginous Limestone is a transgressive surface marked by the presence of smaller benthic foraminifera, indicating marine flooding at the base of the Kallankurichchi Formation. The transgressive system stract consists of the Ferruginous Limestone, Lower Arenaceous Limestone and Gryphaea Limestone. Macro and micro fossil assemblages and the frequencies and preservation of micro fossil test sindicate up ward increasing water depth. The Gryphaea limestone Member, which is very rich in macro fossils, represents one of the best developed maximum flooding surfaces. High silica content and reduced micro-and macro fossil abundance suggest shallowing towards the top of the Upper Arenaceous Limestone, which presents HST. The shallowing trend continues into the Ottakovil Formation, which marks the end of the marine phase, which terminated due to major sea-level fall caused by the eastward tilt of the basin. The top of the Ottakovil Formation is interpreted as sequence boundary-7(SB7). The integration of these data reveals four transgressive-Regressive cycles. The major sea level changes during the Late Turonian and Late Maastrichtian in the Ariyalur successions correlate with global sea level changes. Based on biostratigraphy, stratal patterns and their relationship, the Late Cretaceous succession of the Ariyalur area is thus subdivided into four 2nd/3rd order sequences.
Biography:
Raghavendra Murthy Nagendra is currently working as a Professor at Anna University, India carried out the extensive studies on integrated stratigraphy of Cretaceous Basin. Published 30 research articles on Cretaceous Geology of Cauvery Basin.
Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability Research Unit, University of the Western Cape, South Africa
This study examined the synthesis, characterization of dendrimer-encapsulated N, Pt co-doped TiO2 for the photocatalytic degradation of an azo dye brilliant black (BB). N, Pt co-doped TiO2 photocatalysts were prepared by a modified sol-gel method using amine-terminated polyamidoamine dendrimer generation 0 (PG0) as a template and source of nitrogen. Structural, morphological, and textural properties were evaluated using scanning electron microscopy coupled to energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDX), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), Raman spectroscopy (RS), photoluminescence (PL) and ultra-violet/visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis). The synthesized photocatalysts exhibited lower band gap energies as compared to the Degussa P-25, revealing a red shift in band gap towards the visible light absorption region. Photocatalytic activity of N, Pt codoped TiO2 was measured by the reaction of photocatalytic degradation of BB dye. Enhanced photodegradation efficiency of BB was achieved after 180-min reaction time with an initial concentration of 50 ppm. This was attributed to the rod-like shape of the materials, larger surface area, and enhanced absorption of visible light induced by N, Pt codoping. The N, Pt co-doped TiO2 also exhibited pseudo-first-order kinetic behavior with half-life and rate constant of 0.37 and 0.01984 min−1, respectively. The mechanism of the photodegradation of BB under the visible light irradiation was proposed. The obtained results prove that co-doping of TiO2 with N and Pt contributed to the enhanced photocatalytic performances of TiO2 for visible light-induced photodegradation of organic contaminants for environmental remediation. Therefore, this work provides a new approach to the synthesis of PAMAM templated N, Pt co-doped TiO2 for visible light photodegradation of brilliant black.
Biography:
Sarre Kadia-Myra Nzaba obtained her Masterʼs Degree at the University of the Western Cape (UWC) in 2015 and is currently registered PhD at the University of South Africa (UNISA). She is working on the photocatalytic degradation of contaminated waste water under the supervision of Dr Alex Kuvarega, Dr Bulelwa Ntsendwana and Prof Bhekie Mamba in the Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability Research Unit (NanoWS) based at the UNISA science campus in Florida park Johannesburg. She is a hard working woman who is passionate about her work.
Institute of Petroleum Geology and Geophysics-SB RAS, Russia
At present, efforts should be focused on studying and controlling the oilfield “life”, based on conceptually new ideas and methods in petroleum geology. In this report, new trends and approaches in the development of petroleum geology are outlined. The author substantiates the use of rehabilitation cycles in the process of developing an oilfield, in order to restore the energy potential of the stratum and filtration properties of the rock. In the long run, it will result in an increased longevity of the object and higher final oil recovery. Based on a wide range of data involving the authorʼs personal field experience, an empirical estimation is given of the value of critical perturbation for state equilibrium of a fluid-saturated system in the process of developing an oilfield, equal to formation depression of 5-8 MPa. A method for simulating oilfield dynamics is suggested and the type of evolutionary equation is proposed. The key task now is the efficient well-targeted development of the active oilfields, in order to produce the residual (hard-to-extract) oil in a soft, sparing and non-damaging way (Improved Oil Recovery), and discovering new hydrocarbon accumulations, including secondary ones and newly generated ones, throughout the whole stratigraphic section, with all depth horizons and various rock-fluid associations, in regions where a well-developed diversified infrastructure is already available. Also, the urgent demand for constant real-time monitoring of the actual current changes inside the fluid-saturated stratum makes it extremely desirable to create research-and-development polygons in various petroleum regions.
Biography:
Nikolay Zapivalov 68 years in petroleum geology including: 5 years (1950-1955) of education Mining Institute (Yekaterinburg, Russia), Petroleum Faculty, qualification «Geology and exploration for oil and gas fields». Each summer worked at oil exploration enterprises in Turkmenia, Bashkiria, and the Ukraine. 31 years (1955-1985) of field experience West Siberia, Russia: Geologist, President of West-Siberian Oil Exploration Enterprises. Discoverer of oilfields. 1964-1968 worked in India. 1962 – Ph.D. 1985 – D.Sc. 32 years (1986-2018) in fundamental science and teaching: Chief Scientist (Institute of Petroleum Geology SB RAS), Professor of Novosibirsk State University, Consultant of the University Petroleum & Energy Studies (India, Dehra-Dun).
Moscow Polytechnic University, Russia
Raw oil often obtained on the sea shelf platforms. They are a great and expensive edifices, which take a great span of time to set them up and dismantle when the operating period is over. When in operation and digging out raw oil on sea shelf one canʼt exclude oil leakage which may cause pollution of sea environment. Both this problems can be solved with the help of low temperature engineering. Water is a good and natural friendly substance. When it is freeze down to ice slab, one get quite a solid and durable material like a concrete if it is kept at low temperatures. Generation of low temperatures on the platform is easy made think even without electric energy supply. So the procedure of ice formation inside a vertical tube which is used as a column support of the sea platform is discussed. This low temperature method may substantially diminish the time of the platform creation by 2-3 times as well as reduce its expenses. Liquidation of water oil pollution at the platform in case of extremely situation arise also can be implemented with the help of applying low temperatures. Water oil mixture is freeze down into ice covering oil leakage location and preclude it within a short period of time scientific problem of this is heat transfer process with a moving border between water and its ice. The task is hard for analyses with math instruments. Fourier equation for ice covering the wall being at a low temperature and immersed in to aqua media was solved for constant heat conductivity of ice and with a temperature dependence of it.
Biography:
Marinyuk Boris is a professor of the Department of low temperature engineering named by P.L. Kapitsa, Moscow Polytechnic University, Russia. The special interests are: ice, frost formations on a low temperature surfaces, approximate analytical approach for solving Fourier equation with moveable boundary of phase change.
Oil and Natural Gas Corporation Limited, India
The Krishna Godavari basin which extends into the Eastern offshore of India is a major hydrocarbon hub of India with new developments. Although Hydrocarbons were discovered in the deep water regions of Eastern Offshore in the KG basin long ago, development of the fields started only recently owing to the availability of proven and reliable subsea equipment and controls technology, developments related to vessel and rig stability and improved cost economics. The vessel and rig stability were very important factors because of the weather conditions that exist in the eastern offshore, India. Vasishta and S1 Gas fields are two such deep water fields located in water depths ranging from 300m to 700m in Eastern Offshore, India. VA-S1 field development project in G-1/Vasishta PML of erstwhile KG-OS-DW-IV block was one of the earliest deep water projects in the eastern offshore of India, was undertaken by ONGC with 100% participation interest and was completed in March 2018.
Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Calgary, Canada
The effect of temperature on oil/water relative permeability is an important issue in reservoir simulation studies of thermal recovery techniques for heavy oil and bitumen. However, experimental data on changes of relative permeability with temperature are for candidate reservoirs are time consuming and expensive to obtain. For more than half a century, a large number of scholars have endeavoured to delineate the effects of temperature on two-phase relative permeability curves using different oils and porous media. However, we still cannot predict how the relative permeability will change with temperature in a specific rock-fluid system. In fact, even a cursory review of the literature on the effect of temperature on oil/water relative permeability will show that a bewildering array of conflicting results have been reported. These inconsistent results are partly due to the likelihood that the effect of temperature is different in different rock-fluid systems and partly due to differences in the measurements techniques that can introduce varying experimental artifacts. The objective of this study was to see whether some of the contradictions in the reported results would be resolved by examining the effects of temperature on relative permeability separately in different classes of rockfluid systems. Another objective was to develop empirical correlations for estimating the effect of temperature on oil/water relative permeability in different classes of rock-fluid systems. Reported results from a large number of experimental studies of the effect of temperature on relative permeability were collected to generate a large dataset of oil/water relative permeability curves. This dataset was partitioned into four parts representing four different classes of rock-fluid systems, namely: 1) light oil in sandstone, 2) heavy oil in sandstone, 3) light oil in carbonates and 4) heavy oil in carbonates. The effects of temperature on irreducible water saturation, residual oil saturation, the endpoint relative permeability to oil and water and the generalized Corey saturation exponents of oil and water were analyzed separately for each rock-fluid system. It was found that, although the scatter in reported data is very large, some discernable differences are present in the effect of temperature in different rock fluid types. Separate correlations were developed for these relative permeability parameters in different systems. Correlations for the overall effect of temperature on oil/water relative permeability in different rock-fluid were developed in the form of generalized Corey correlation with temperature dependent parameters.
Biography:
Brij Maini is a Professor and NSERC/Nexen & CNOOC Industrial Research Chair in Advanced In-situ Recovery Processes for Oil Sands in the Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering at Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary. Prior to joining University of Calgary faculty, he was a Senior Staff Research Engineer and Group Leader for Heavy Oil Research at the Petroleum Recovery Institute. He is a specialist in heavy oil reservoir engineering with research interests in improved heavy oil recovery methods and multiphase flow in porous media. He has authored more than 100 peer-reviewed journal papers and many more conference papers. He holds a B. Tech. degree in chemical engineering from the Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, India and a Ph.D. in chemical engineering from the University of Washington, Seattle. He is a registered professional engineer in Alberta and is a member of Society of Petroleum Engineers.
1Léonard de Vinci Engineering University, France
2Isfahan University of Technology, Iran
Pipelines are the very important energy transmission systems. Over time, pipelines can corrode. While in-line inspection (ILI) tools could detect corrosion, corrosion growth-rate prediction in pipelines is usually done through corrosion rate models. For pipeline integrity management and planning selecting the proper corrosion ILI tool and corrosion growth-rate model is important and can lead to significant savings and safer pipe operation. In this paper, common forms of pipeline corrosion, state of the art ILI tools, and corrosion growth-rate models are reviewed. The common forms of pipeline corrosion introduced in this paper are Uniform/General Corrosion, Pitting Corrosion, Cavitation and Erosion Corrosion, Stray Current Corrosion, Micro-Bacterial Influenced Corrosion (MIC). The ILI corrosion detection tools assessed in this study are Magnetic Flux Leakage (MFL), Circumferential MFL, Tri-axial MFL, and Ultrasonic Wall Measurement (UT). The corrosion growth rate models considered in this study are single-value corrosion rate model, linear corrosion growth rate model, non-linear corrosion growth rate model, Monte-Carlo method, Markov model, TD-GEVD, TI-GEVD model, Gamma Process, and BMWD model. Strengths and limitations of ILI detection tools, and also corrosion predictive models with some practical examples are discussed. This paper could be useful for those whom are supporting pipeline integrity management and planning.
Biography:
Hamidreza vanaei is a PhD Candidate at Léonard de Vinci engineering university, Paris, France.
University of Warsaw, Poland
1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra deliver information on the electronic structure of hydrocarbons. However, the natural abundance of 13C nuclei is small (~1.11%) what is good for any fast analysis, as it simplifies the 1H and 13C spectra, but not so good for detail investigations. Using the fast 1H and 13C measurements many valuable NMR parameters are omitted, especially the variety of spin-spin coupling constants between magnetically active hydrogen and carbon-13 nuclei. It is possible to recover all the lost pieces of information when 13C-enriched compounds are applied for NMR analysis. In such a case, the 1H and 13C spectra are much complex and their analysis requires more time though with computers all problems can be solved, as it is illustrated by the NMR spectra of 13C-enriched hydrocarbons: acetylene-13C2, ethylene-13C2, ethane-13C2 and benzene-13C. For the above compounds, all the spin-spin coupling constants were determined and compared with the results of quantum-chemical calculations. It gives us more information on the electronic structure of investigated hydrocarbons what is important for precise analytical applications. The new NMR parameters can partially be observed also for ordinary hydrocarbons, i.e. without enrichment in 13C, but their presence is marked so weekly that one should know their values before the analysis starts. Let us note that the fast and faultless recognition of gaseous mixtures in our atmosphere is the important problem of safety for all of us.
Acknowledgement: This work was financed by the National Science Centre (Poland) as the OPUS grant No 2015/19/B/ST4/03757.
Biography:
Dr. Karol Jackowski is employed at the Faculty of Chemistry, the University of Warsaw (Poland). He worked as a postdoctoral fellow at the University of Sheffield (Great Britain) in 1976-1977 and as a Visiting Assistant Professor at the University of Illinois at Chicago Circle (USA) in 1983-1985. At present, he is a Full Professor of Physical Chemistry at the University of Warsaw. Professor Dr. Karol Jackowski pioneered a new method of standardization of NMR spectra based on the direct measurements of absolute shielding. Since 2007 he is a member of ISMAR and Editorial Board of the International Journal of Spectroscopy.
1Isfahan University of Technology, Iran
2University of Alberta, Canada
3Leonard de Vinci Engineering University, France
Oil and gas transmission buried pipelines are susceptible to Near-neutral pH Stress Corrosion Cracking (SCC), which is categorized as one of the environmental forms cracking. Near-neutral pH SCC is a time dependent cracking process, which involves both corrosion and mechanical driving force, and can lead to pipeline leak or rupture. In recent years, there have been great achievements in better understanding this form of Cracking. However, the data is widely spread. This paper provides a unique update on near-neutral pH SCC, focusing on the science and fundamentals behind its initiation and growth mechanisms. In this regard, a brief summary about general characteristic of near-neutral pH SCC obtained from field observations, followed by recent updates on near-neutral pH SCC initiation and growth mechanisms is provided. Finally, current understanding and future trends in prospective of authors is presented.
Biography:
Dr. Abdoulmajid Eslami is currently Assistant Professor at Department of Materials Engineering - Isfahan University of Technology (IUT), Isfahan, Iran
Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, India
Chemical enhanced oil recovery is a process of recovering more than two-third of the crude oil which cannot be obtained by conventional primary or secondary methods. The current study aimed at the interaction of polymer and silica nanoparticles with heavy crude oil to enhanced properties which are responsible for higher oil recovery. The stability of the nanoparticles in the xanthan gum polymer solution was identified by particle size and zeta potential analysis. The reduction in interfacial tension (IFT), emulsification of crude oil, creaming rate, rheology properties and wettability alteration of the system for polymer-nanoparticles synergy were investigated and based on which an optimum concentration of 5000 ppm xanthan gum and 0.3 % silica nanoparticles were obtained. Polymer-nanoparticles aqueous chemical solution were effective in reducing the IFT which promotes stable oil-water with average droplet size in the range of (5.12 - 7.52 µm). High creaming index (lower creaming rate) was obtained for all nanoparticles system both at room temperature and elevated temperature (80°C). Similarly nanoparticles enhances the viscosity of the system and indicates the gel behavior nature of the solution in bulk phase. The change in contact angle from 86.2 to 18.8°C results in wettability alteration of the system from intermediate wet to water wet. The core flooding experiments performed resulted in oil recovery of 21% at 30°C and 19% at 80°C which clearly indicates the effective performance of silica nanoparticles at elevated temperature.
Biography:
Rahul Saha is a researcher scholar in the Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, India. His research area focuses on chemical enhanced oil recovery (Chemical EOR) techniques which involves detail characterizationof crude oil, adsorption behavior, interfacial interaction phenomena, emulsification, creaming behavior, rheology, wettability alteration and additional application of nanoparticles in the system. He did his Bachelor from Pune University and Masters from Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, India. His Masterʼs degree dissertation involved sonication assisted biodiesel preparation from non-edible oil sources. Till date, he has published seven international journal publications in peer reviewed journals of repute.
Department of Chemical Engineering, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, UAE
Ionic liquids (ILs) have attracted attention in many fields of scientific research. ILs have unique physical and chemical properties that showed a great potential as an alternative media in many applications. ILs are defined as low melting point, lower than 100 °C, salts consisting of organic cations and organic/inorganic anions. ILs have very low vapor pressure, non-flammable, tunable, and can dissolve both polar and non-polar compounds. However, the hazardous toxicity , the poor biodegradability of many ILs the high price , are serious drawbacks and new concepts were needed in order to utilize these systems in a more rational way. To overcome these drawbacks, a new generation of solvents, named Deep Eutectic Solvents (DES), has emerged as alternative to ILs. Formation of DESs can be obtained by mixing together two components that can be chosen to be cheap, renewable and biodegradable to form a eutectic mixture with a melting point lower than that of each individual component. DESs have similar physical-chemical properties to those of ILs, while being much cheaper and environmentally friendlier. Owing to these advantages, there is now of growing interest in DESs in many fields of research. DESs are chemically tailorable solvents since they can be designed by properly combining various quaternary ammonium or phosphonium salts with different hydrogen bond donors.
In this work, we discuss the application of both ILs and DESs in petroleum refining and petrochemical processes. Examples include, but are not limited to, separation of aromatics, desulfurization, denitrification, and carbon dioxide capture.
Biography:
Enas Nashef received his Ph.D. in Chemical Engineering from University of South Carolina, USA in 2004. AlNashef joined King Saud University, Saudi Arabia, in 2004. In 2011, AlNashef was promoted to associate professor. AlNashef was very active in researchr elated to green engineering and sustainability, mainly using ionic liquids and deep eutectic solvents. AlNashef moved to Abu Dhabi (UAE) where he is now an Associate Professor in the Department of Chemical Engineering at Khalifa Univesity of Science and Technology. He co-authored more than 100 journal publications. He received 7 patents from US and EU Patent Offices.
University College London, United Kingdom
Visible light-driven H2 production from water splitting using cheap and robust photocatalysts is one of the most exciting ways to produce clean and renewable energy for future generations. Cutting edge research within the field focuses on so called “Z-scheme” systems, which is inspired by the photosystem II / photosystem I (PSII/PSI) from natural photosynthesis. Organic/polymericsemiconductors have been identified as promising photocatalysts for H2 production from water due to their comparative low cost and facile modification of the electronic structure. However, the majority only respond to a limited wavelength region (<460 nm) and exhibit fast charge recombination. Herein, we report an oxygen-doped polymeric carbon nitride structure with heptazine chains linked both by oxygen atoms and by nitrogen species, which results in a reduced band gap and efficient charge separation. A novel synthetic method has been developed to control both surface hydrophilicity and more importantly, the linker species in a polymer, which highly influences the band gap and charge separation. As such, the synthesized polymer can be excited from UV via visible to even near-IR (800 nm) wavelengths, resulting in a 25 times higher H2 evolution rate (HER) than the previous benchmark polymeric g-C3N4 (λ>420 nm), with an apparent quantum yield (AQY) of 10.3% at 420 nm and 2.1% at 500 nm, measured under ambient conditions, which is closer to the real environment (instead of vacuum conditions). When the polymer is coupled with BiVO4 as O2 evolution photocatalyst, the system stably splits water into H2 and O2. This workpaves the way for more applications of solar energy conversion based on organic semiconductor photo catalysts and Z-scheme systems.
Biography:
Yiou Wang is currently on a doctorate programme in Dr. Junwang Tangʼs Solar Energy Group at the Department of Chemical Engineering of UCL after receiving his BSc from Peking University, China in 2014.
1University of Louisiana, USA
2China University of Petroleum-Beijing, China
3Chongqing University, China
Lost circulation is one of major drilling complications that cause low efficiency and high cost in drilling oil or gas wells in natural fractured formations. The current practice of mitigating lost circulation is still empirical due to the lack of understanding of near-wellbore conditions. This work presents three mathematical models to describe lost circulation through three mechanisms namely seepage/filtration in a fracture, pipe-flow in a fracture, and gravity displacement in a fracture. These types of loss mechanisms can be identified by the half-slope, 2/3-slope and unit-slope in the log-log plot of the loss volume data versus time. Fitting the loss volume data to the identified model allows toestimate fracture aperture/width for designing the particle size of lost circulation materials (LCM) to cure the well. The complex model for the gravity displacement was validated by an experimental data set. A field case study is presented in this paper to illustrate model applications and compare the result given by a sophisticated mathematical model. This work provides drilling engineers a practical method for identifying types of lost circulation and a means of estimating fracture aperture/width for selecting the particle size of LCM to cure their wells.
Biography:
Dr. Boyun Guo is the Director of the Center for Optimization of Petroleum Systems at the Energy Institute of Louisiana and Chevron-Endowed Professor at the University of Louisiana at Lafayette. His research interest is in the areas of oil and gas exploration and production engineering. He has published over 140 technical papers and authored 10 books in Petroleum engineering. Guo holds a B.S. degree from Daqing Petroleum Institute, an M.S. degree from Montana Tech, and a Ph.D. degree from New Mexico Tech, all in Petroleum Engineering.
Chemical and Petroleum Engineering Department, United Arab Emirates University, UAE
Various enhanced oil recovery methods including miscible gas injection, chemical, thermal and other methods are applied at the third phase of production after the primary and secondary recovery have been exhausted. Surfactant flooding is one of the chemical methods that is capable of recovering more oil by decreasing the IFT and/or wettability alteration. This objective of this work is to asses and select a design from various development options by means ofa series of flooding sensitivity calculationsthat havebeen carried out to find the additional recovery usingsurfactant flooding, and by optimizing technical and economic parameters. This study has focused on the development of a method to test the economic viability of Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) where the challenge is to compare surfactant flooding scenarios with waterflooding, but not just based on incremental recovery using reservoir simulation calculations. Development options were used, include continuous surfactant injection, secondary surfactant flooding, and tertiary surfactant flooding and the effect of injection rate, surfactant concentration and slug size. The method was developed to address surfactant flooding, but it can be modified to suit other EOR methods. The method has been applied to a synthetic scenario with constant economic parameters, which has demonstrated the impact that oil price can have on the decision-making process. Results of the study reveal a general trend of increased oil recovery with the implementation of surfactant flooding over waterflooding in the range of 0.3 - 7%. In the continuous surfactant injection, the highest field oil efficiency of about 52% was achieved using surfactant concentration of 30 lb/stb at 2000 stb/d. The optimum development process from the technical and economic point of view is injecting 0.25 PV of surfactant as a tertiary recovery process using 25 lb/stb of surfactant and 2000 stb/d as an injection rate. The selected system yields an oil recovery of 48.91%. The outcomes of this project are expected to assist the oil industry in planning surfactant flooding for heterogeneous reservoirs; which is the case of most reservoirs in UAE.
Keywords: Enhanced oil recovery, surfactant flooding, continuous surfactant injection, field oil efficiency, and tertiary recovery.
Biography:
Dr. Gamal Alusta received his B.Sc. degree from Tripoli University-Libya 1994, MPhil, and Ph.D. degrees from the Heriot Watt University-UK. Dr. Gamal A. Alusta obtained his B.Sc., MPhil & PhD all in petroleum engineering. Dr. Alusta worked for Repsol (Akakus) oil operations-Libya, as a Senior Reservoir Engineering from August 3rd 1997 to March 5th 2008, where He also spent some time in the Drilling and Workover departments. He worked closely with Geoscientists, Drilling engineers and Production engineers to perform various activities both in the office and on-site. He also worked as a Petroleum Engineer at Woodside Energy North Africa in Libya from March 11th –Sep. 25th 2008. Currently He is working as Program Director for the Master of Petroleum Engineering and an Assistant Professor in Petroleum Engineering at United Arab Emirates University, UAE since Feb. 2014. This involves teaching various undergraduate and graduate courses in petroleum engineering and related areas. He has edited and refereed technical papers in widely respected journals. Dr. Alusta has completed a number of research projects in the area of EOR to International Petroleum Industries.
1School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Portsmouth, UK
2School of Pharmacy & Biomedical Science, University of Portsmouth, UK
The coastal zone of Lagos Harbour, Nigeria, is vulnerable due to the potentially contaminating consequences of human activities. Thisis particularly the case for the basin of Lagos Harbour due to restricted water circulation. The aim of this investigation was to determine the influence of sediment particle size distribution (PSD) on the heavy metal geochemistry of Lagos Harbour Area. A total of twenty-six sampling sites were established across Lagos Harbour and Lagoon for the determination of the PSD of sediment samples using a Malvern Instruments MASTERSIZER 2000 laser diffractometer following the method according to British Standards (BS 1377-2, 1990). Heavy metal concentrations were determined using both the 1 M HCl extraction method and the aqua-regia method. The particle size distributions (clay and silt) showed significant positive correlations (p<0.05) with As, Cr and Cu, based on the 1 M HCl extraction method. Significant positive correlations (p<0.05) were also obtained based on the aqua-regia method for all the elements. The strong correlation between decreasing sediment size and increasing heavy metal concentration is well documented and suggests that adsorption is the main mechanism by which trace metals accumulate on particles, given that small particles have a higher surface area relative to their volume than large particles. It is also generally accepted that trace metals are mainly concentrated in the clay/silt sediment fraction, consisting of particles of grain sizes <63µm. The study contributes to knowledge in respect to developing a basis for a more extensive investigation of heavy metals in the sediment of Lagos Harbour area. Due to the links demonstrated between particle size and metal contamination, it is vital that a comprehensive determination of the particle size distribution is conducted in Lagos harbour in order better to understand sediment driven pollution in the harbour and thereby develop tailored sediment quality guidelines.
Keywords: Particle Size, Heavy metals, Sediment pollution, Marine pollution, Lagos Harbour, Nigeria
Biography:
Currently, he is a Doctoral Candidate at the School of Earth and Environmental Sciences (SEES) University of Portsmouth, United Kingdom, working on marine pollution of harbour systems as a result of shipping, industrial and natural activities. He has more than fourteen yearsʼ experience in the monitoring and evaluation of pollution control and management in coastal marine ecosystems within the maritime industry. He possess a range of skills in monitoring marine pollution through the identification and detection of chemical, biological and physical pollutants, analysing and assessing the concentrations of these contaminants using advanced environmental equipment, and relating the findings to various sources including local environmental changes, shipping and industrial activities.
Chemical & Petroleum Engineering Division, London South Bank University, United Kingdom
Foam flow in porous media and the effect of oil on foam performance in enhanced oil recovery, have been subject to extensive investigation for many years (Simjoo, M. 2013). There are many valuable works in the literature that studied the various aspects of foam dynamics at bubble scale, but not many have investigated and compared the foam stability results at bulk and bubble-scale (Osei-Bons, K. 2015). Therefore, this study conducts a wide-range of experiments at bulk and bubble-scale to investigate the foam stability of number of surfactants in conjunction with polymers in the absence and presence of oil. As the relationship between the physical characteristics of polymer thickened foam and its performance in porous media are still unclear this study concentrates on understanding of the interaction of polymer thickened foam with the rock. The oil displacement performance of CO2-Foam was experimentally studied and compared with surfactant/polymer CO2-Foam results. For the bulk foam stability experiments, foam was generated by injecting CO2 into surfactant solution or surfactant/polymer solution in a chromatography column. The foam decay was recorded by camera as a function of time. For this study (in house) synthesized hydrophobic modified polyacrylamide was used as a polymer. For bubble scale, unconsolidated sand pack was used foam generation with and without the addition of polymers for added stability was performed. The results showed the significant impact of the type of the surfactant on foam stability. Besides, presence of polymer in the solution has significantly improved the apparent viscosity of the solution, which led to foam stability enhancement. This indicates that stronger foam was generated across the sand pack using combination of surfactant and polymer. Our results showed less stable foam in the presence of light oil and less adverse impact on foam stability as oil viscosity and density increased.
Biography:
Saham Sherhani is currently studying her PhD in Chemical & Petroleum Engineering Division, School of Engineering at London South Bank University, United Kingdom.
Institute of Chemical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Bulgaria
The diffusion boundary theory is not applicable for the modeling of chemical, absorption, adsorption and catalytic processes in column apparatuses, where the velocity distributions and interphase boundaries are unknown. The use of the physical approximations of the mechanics of continua for the interphase mass transfer process modeling in industrial column apparatuses is possible if the mass appearance (disappearance) of the reagents on the interphase surfaces of the elementary physical volumes (as a result of the heterogeneous reactions) are replaced by the mass appearance (disappearance) of the reagents in the same elementary physical volumes (as a result of the equivalent homogenous reactions), i.e. the surface mass sources (sinks), caused by absorption, adsorption or catalytic reactions must be replaced with equivalent volume mass sources (sinks). The solution of this problem is related with the creation of new type of convection-diffusion and average-concentration models (Chr. Boyadjiev, M. Doichinova, B. Boyadjiev, P. Popova-Krumova, Modeling of Column Apparatus Processes (Second Edition), Springer-Verlag, Berlin Heidelberg, 2018). The convection-diffusion models permit the qualitative analysis of the processes only, because the velocity distribution in the column is unknown. On this base is possible to be obtained the role of the different physical effect in the process and to reject those processes, whose relative influence is less than 1%, i.e. to be made process mechanism identification. The average-concentration models are obtained from the convection-diffusion models, where average velocities and concentrations are introduced. The velocity distributions are introduced by the parameters in the model, which must to be determined experimentally.
Biography:
Christo Boyadjiev completed his PhD in the year 1968 at the USSR, Moscow Institute of Chemical Mechanical Engineering. He worked as an Associate Professor in the year 1971. He also worked as a Professor in Chemical Engineering, since 1981. He is the Chairman of the Organizing Committee of the Workshop on “Transport Phenomena in Two-Phase Flows” (No.1 - 15). He is also the Chairman of the Scientific Council of the International Scientific Centre for Power and Chemical Engineering Problems (http://www.int-sci-center.bas.bg).
Department of Petroleum and Natural Gas Engineering, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia
The quality of a reservoir can be described in details by the application of seismo mechanical energy fractal dimension. The objective of this research is to calculate fractal dimension from the relationship among seismo mechanical energy, maximum seismo mechanical energy and wetting phase saturation and to confirm it by the fractal dimension derived from the relationship among capillary pressure and wetting phase saturation. In this research, porosity was measured on real collected sandstone samples and permeability was calculated theoretically from capillary pressure profile measured by mercury intrusion techniques. Two equations for calculating the fractal dimensions have been employed. The first one describes the functional relationship between wetting phase saturation, seismo mechanical energy, maximum seismo mechanical energy and fractal dimension. The second equation implies to the wetting phase saturation as a function of capillary pressure and the fractal dimension. Two procedures for obtaining the fractal dimension have been developed. The first procedure was done by plotting the logarithm of the ratio between seismo mechanical energy and maximum seismo mechanical energy versus logarithm wetting phase saturation. The slope of the first procedure = 3- Df (fractal dimension). The second procedure for obtaining the fractal dimension was completed by plotting the logarithm of capillary pressure versus the logarithm of wetting phase saturation. The slope of the second procedure = Df -3. On the basis of the obtained results of the constructed stratigraphic column and the acquired values of the fractal dimension, the sandstones of the Shajara reservoirs of the Shajara Formation were divided here into three units. The gained units from bottom to top are: Lower Shajara Seismo Mechanical Energy Fractal Dimension Unit, Middle Shajara Seismo Mechanical Energy Fractal Dimension Unit, and Upper Shajara Seismo Mechanical Energy Fractal Dimension Unit. The fractal dimension was found to increase with increasing permeability and grain size.
Biography:
Khalid Elyas Mohamed Elameen Alkhidir is Professor at king Saud University. He did his postdoctoral research at King Saud University, College of Engineering, Department of Petroleum and Natural Gas Engineering, Al-Anoud Research Chair in Petroleum, enhanced oil recovery. He published papers in sandstone reservoirs characterization, tight carbonate reservoirs characterization, and in an enhanced oil recovery.
Petroleum Engineering Department, University of North Dakota, USA
The Bakken Formation deposited in the Williston Basin is a formation with high oil reserves. It consists of lower, middle and upper layers, the middle layeris the main oil reservoir and is characterized by its low porosity and permeability. Recent developments in completion and stimulation technologies related to horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing have put North Dakota in the second place in the United States after Texas in oil production. The cost of conducting a hydraulic fracturing job can reach millions of dollars, also more efficient hydraulic fractures can dramatically increase oil production rate. Therefore, the benefits of studying the different engineering and geological parameters that affect hydraulic fracturing are enormous. Complex interacted parameters control the geometry of the hydraulic fracture. Some of these parameters include natural fractures, rock properties, fluid rheology, perforators design, and pumping schedule. This paper presents a numerical study of the interaction between hydraulic fracture and natural fracture. Natural fracture with varying mechanical and geometrical properties can affect the propagation of hydraulic fracture. A lattice model is employed in this study that coupled fluid flow with rock deformation and breakage, which can capture the hydraulic fracture propagation patterns on the injection rate, intersection angle, fluid viscosity, differential stress. Comparing the simulation results with experimental results to verify the accuracy of simulation results.
Biography:
Omar Akash holds BSc. Degree in Mechanical Engineering, MSc. Degree in Engineering Project Management and is currently pursuing his PhD degree in Petroleum Engineering in University of North Dakota. Omar has three years of professional experience as a research and development engineer at the American University of Ras Al Khaimah, UAE. His current research interest includes hydraulic fracturing and the design of perforates in hydraulic fracturing.
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