Polish Geological Institute-NRI, Poland
Oil fields are usually built of rocks of high permeability and porosity, sealed with not permeable rocks. So petrological studies are important in the search for hydrocarbon accumulations. In those studies - fluid inclusion analyses in the rock-forming minerals are significant. The tiny portions of fluids have been under studies in rock samples from different wells from the selected oil and gas field in Poland - the BMB oil field (onshore). Comparative is the Łeba Block (offshore). Sampling was performed at the relatively high depth in the Main Dolomite formation. Different types of minerals have revealed a presence of aqueous (AQFI) and hydrocarbon (HCFI) inclusions, the differentiation of which is relatively easy to be checked by means of fluorescence. Results of microthermometric measurements, when performed, comprise the information on different temperatures (for AQFI), that further give an input to characterization of fluids trapped in the mineral and the possible sequence of the mineral formation and/or fluid trapping. Based on the results obtained, the character of basic types of inclusions in the minerals may be described and discussed in the context of hydrocarbon migration and possible accumulation. The aim of the presentation is to show the importance of basic studies in the search for hydrocarbon accumulations.
Biography:
Katarzyna Jarmołowicz-Szulc (Assoc. Prof) has been a scientific worker in Polish Geological Institute – National Research Institute in Warsaw, Poland. In her carreer, she was the head of the Petrological Department, Mineral Deposits Departments, a co-coordinator of the project Support for the integration in the European Research Area” (REA), the head of Centre of Excellence, the head of the National Geological Archives, PGI-NRI, Poland. She is an author of over 130 papers. She has an experience in the field of isotope analyses, fluid inclusion studies in minerals, and hydrocarbon migration based on fluid inclusion research in the Carpathians, in marine deposits in the Baltic Sea and in onshore sedimentary basins. She has been a reviewer and an editor. At present she has been involved in two hydrocarbon projects.
Mechanical and Industrial Engineering Department, Sultan Qaboos University, Oman
Swelling elastomers are advanced polymers capable of self-healing and volume-increase when in contact with certain fluids. These elastomers are mainly used as sealing elements and packers in different petroleum drilling and development operations. As case studies generally focus on only a single or at most a few related applications, an overall picture of swelling elastomer versatility and scope cannot be found in published literature. This paper presents a thorough overview of different swelling elastomer applications in the oil and gas industry. Separation of unwanted zones from production zones to avoid the mixing of redundant fluids is known as zonal isolation. Swelling elastomers are considered to be the default material for zonal isolation work. One specific form of zonal isolation is water shutoff, used to overcome the problem of water production. Swellable packers have been successfully employed for enhanced oil recovery through relatively low-cost yet long-term and effective water shutoff. Sand control is any method by which sand from a formation is restricted to enter the wellbore, as it can cause plugging and wear of well equipment. Swellable packers are used with sand screens in many applications. The term well completion refers to all the tasks involved in making the well ready for production, including the stage known as cementing. Problem of crack initiation and propagation in the formation is notable when using conventional method for cementing, resulting in mixing of unwanted fluids and loss of circulation. Swelling elastomers have found success in well completion together with cementing, and also as an efficient alternate to cementing. Enlarging of old channels or creation of new ones in the producing zone of well formation is known as stimulation. Stimulation processes require proper isolation of zones, and swellable packers are therefore used for this purpose also. Many other applications are also discussed in the paper. This review can be useful for field engineers as well as research and development personnel.
Keywords: Swelling elastomer, Zonal isolation, Enhanced oil recovery, Well completion, Intelligent well, Stimulation, Underbalanced drilling
Biography:
Professor Zahid Qamar, Sayyad is currently associated with the Mechanical and Industrial Engineering Department, Sultan Qaboos University (SQU), Muscat, Oman. He has over 20 years of academic and research experience in different international universities.
1Bogazici University, Kandilli Observatory and Earthquake Research Institute, Department of Earthquake Engineering, Turkey
2Bogazici University, Department of Electrical & Electronics Engineering, Turkey
3ETH, Department of Earth Sciences, Switzerland
System level damage assessment for critical infrastructure and lifelines is vital for their efficient management before, during and after earthquakes. ELER-Lifelines (Earthquake Loss Estimation Routine-Lifelines) has been developed for the assessment of earthquake risks associated with four critical lifeline networks: Oil, Gas, Water and Electric transmission and distribution systems. It is a standalone application with a modular structure that is coded in Matlab. As input to damage analyses, spatial distributions of earthquake ground motion parameters, e.g. peak ground acceleration, velocity, etc., are computed with the ground-shaking module. It is also possible to incorporate recorded real- or near-real time ground motion data, if available, in the production of ground shaking maps. Risk analyses are realized at network and component levels for each lifeline system by separate loss modules. For this purpose geographical and earthquake risk related attributes of system elements are required. Expected damages and losses are calculated with alternative fragility/vulnerability models and the resulting damage distribution maps are presented. For gas and oil networks, the following system elements are considered in the software: refineries, processing plants, pumping stations, tank farms and pipelines. The software is currently being used in the Abu Dhabi Emirate. The gas, water and power modules of the software are being integrated to the Istanbul Earthquake Rapid Response System, which was originally developed for the estimation of building damages in Istanbul during strong earthquakes.
Biography:
Professor Erdal Safak has a Ph.D. in Structural Engineering from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. He was a researcher with the U.S. Geological Survey for 22 years, specializing on ground motion modeling, structural instrumentation, and data analysis. He thought classes at Colorado School of Mines in Golden, Colorado and The George Washington University in Washington, DC. In August 2006, he joined to the Kandilli Observatory and Earthquake Research Institute of Bogazici University in Istanbul, Turkey, and was the Head of the Earthquake Engineering Department until July 2018. He has over two hundred publications on subjects related to earthquake engineering.
Department of Earthquake Engineering, Bogazici University, Turkey
The large diameter steel hydrocarbon transmission pipelines are considered as critical infrastructures (CI) as they play vital roles in the quality of life and energy supply in urban regions. Such pipelines usually extend over thousands of kms by crossing borders and severe geohazard areas. Fault displacement hazard is among the most critical type of ground hazard for buried steel pipes as it may cause large deformations in the pipe and impose a major risk for the structural integrity of the overall transmission system. The seismic design ofburied pipes at fault crossing is based on the optimization of the pipe axial strain wrt the pipe-fault orientation angle, burial depth, soil backfill material, geometric and material properties of the pipe. The state of the art methods, performance based based assesmentof both the simplified and 3D models, their limitationsand pipe damage examples from past earthquakes will be presented. Considering the fact that Turkey forms an energy corridor between the Southern Caucasia and Europe, safe design hydrocarbon pipelines is of paramount importance. Suggestions will be madefor the assesment, design and mitigation of earthquake risk of buried steel pipes at fault crossings.
Biography:
Dr. Eren Uckan is an associate professor at Earthquake Engineering Department of Kandilli Observatory and Earthquake Research Institute of Bogazici University. Between the years 2009-2011, he worked at Saudi ARAMCO Chair of KSU to investigate the earthquake safety of desalination plants and water transmission pipelines in the west coast of SA. His fields of interest are lifeline and infrastructure earthquake engineering, industrial structures, liquid storage tanks, water and hydrocarbon pipelines, seismic base isolation, experimental methods, testing and certification of non structural elements. Dr. Uckan has recently participated inthe STREST-FP7(Risk base assesment of major hydrocarbon transmission pipelines), NATO SfP (BTC p.peline), MarDIM (Japan Turkish: Industrial tanks) projects. He is currently theleader of on ongoing H20202 project STORM which is about the protection of cultural heritage (CH) in Europe. He is a member of the Lifelines committe of the Turkish Earthquake Foundation. He has nearly 150 publications in the form of journal and proceedings papers and technical reports.
1Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Department, Missouri University of Science and Technology, USA
2Chemical Engineering Department, University of Louisville, USA
Process wastewater is generated with a high strength organic and inorganic compounds, which made them stand among one of the top pollution generating industries. In USA, Environmental Protection Agencies issued regulations that charge for discharging wastes into water bodies. Industrial wastewater with a very high COD strength (1, 10,000–1, 90,000 mg/L), BOD strength (50,000–60,000 mg/L), were studied in most developed high-rate anaerobic digestion process called ‘Expanded Granular Sludge Bedʼ (EGSB). COD removal efficiency had been studied at different organic loading rates (OLR) and hydraulic retention times (HRTs). For a specific OLR of 6 g COD/l.d and HRT of 5 days, the removal efficiency was more than 95% and for the volatile fatty acids was about 87.2%. An EGSB reactor had been built and used for investigating different variables that have an essential contribution to the wastewater treatment. HRT, pH, Temperature and COD strength are the most effective process variables. Low energy consumption combined with energy production can be accomplished at very low costs. The anaerobic digestion process consist of four steps, Hydrolysis, Acidogensis, Acetogensis and Methanogensis. The experimental setup is consist of two stages, the first two steps will occur in the first stage while the last two will be in the second stage. Building two-step anaerobic process will enhance the stability of the reactor. Actual process waste water had been used for the investigation and various analysis was implemented before introduce the feed to the reactor. The high rate reactors are using biomass granular particles which contain the microorganisms that fed on the waste water that diffuses in to the particles. The pH of the effluent was almost about 7.2 which is safer for the environment than before the treatment. Mesophilic temperature range (T=36°C) was used as operating temperature, temperature monitored and controlled by data acquisition system and temperature controller.
Keywords: Anaerobic Digestion, Hydraulic Retention Time, Organic Loading Rate, Chemical Oxygen Demand
Biography:
Haider Al-Rubaye is currently associated with Missouri University of Science and Technology, USA in the department of Chemical Engineering.
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